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A data directory to facilitate investigations on worldwide wildlife trafficking

Big Earth Data 2023年第2期7卷 338-348页

作者： Meredith l.Gore Rowan Hilend Jonathan OPrell emily Griffin John R.Macdonald Burcu B.Keskin Aaron Ferber Bistra Dilkina Department of Geographical Sciences University of MarylandCollege ParkUSA Department of Supply Chain Management Michigan State UniversityEast LansingUSA Department of Information Sciences Statisticsand Management ScienceUniversity of AlabamaTuscaloosaUSA Operations and Information Management Division Babson CollegeWellesleyUSA Supply Chain Management Department of ManagementColorado State UniversityFort CollinsUSA Verterbi School of Engineering University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUSA

Wildlife trafficking is a global phenomenon posing many negative impacts on socio-environmental systems.Scientific exploration of wildlife trafficking trends and the impact of interventions is significantly encumbered by a suite of data reuse challenges.We describe a novel,open-access data directory on wildlife trafficking and a corresponding visualization tool that can be used to identify data for multiple purposes,such as exploring wildlife trafficking hotspots and convergence points with other crime,discovering key drivers or deterrents of wildlife trafficking,and uncovering structural patterns.Keyword searches,expert elicitation,and peer-reviewed publications were used to search for extant sources used by industry and non-profit organizations,as well as those leveraged to publish academic research articles.The open-access data directory is designed to be a living document and searchable according to multiple measures.The directory can be instrumental in the data-driven analysis of unsustainable illegal wildlife trade,supply chain structure via link prediction models,the value of demand and supply reduction initiatives via multi-item knapsack problems,or trafficking behavior and transportation choices via network interdiction problems.

关键词： Illegal wildlife trade supply chain operations management interdiction conservation

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Supramolecular gating of guest release from cucurbit[7]uril using de novo design

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 172-179页

作者： Hugues lambert Alvaro castillo Bonillo Qiang Zhu Yong-Wei Zhang Tung-Chun lee Institute of High Performance Computing A*STAR1 Fusionopolis WayConnexis Tower138632SingaporeSingapore Department of Chemistry Christopher Ingold BuildingUniversity College London(UCL)20 Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK Institute for Materials Discovery University College London(UCL)LondonUK Institute of Materials Research and Engineering A*STAR2 Fusionopolis WayInnovis Tower138634SingaporeSingapore

Herein we computationally explore the modulation of the release kinetics of an encapsulated guest molecule from the cucurbit[7]uril(CB7)cavity by ligands binding to the host portal.We uncovered a correlation between the ligand-binding affinity with CB7 and the guest residence time,allowing us to rapidly predict the release kinetics through straightforward energy minimization calculations.These high-throughput predictions in turn enable a Monte-Carlo Tree Search(MCTS)to de novo design a series of cap-shaped ligand molecules with large binding affinities and boosting guest residence times by up to 7 orders of magnitude.Notably,halogenated aromatic compounds emerge as top-ranking ligands.Detailed modeling suggests the presence of halogen-bonding between the ligands and the CB7 portal.Meanwhile,the binding of top-ranked ligands is supported by^(1)H NMR and 2D DOSY-NMR.Our findings open up possibilities in gating of molecular transport through a nanoscale cavity with potential applications in nanopore technology and controlled drug release.

关键词： release kinetics straight

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AGRONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAl BENEFITS OF REINTRODUCING HERB-AND lEGUME-RICH MUlTISPECIES lEYS INTO ARABlE ROTATIONS:A REVIEW

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2022年第2期9卷 245-271页

作者： emily C.COOlEDGE David R.CHADWICK lydia M.J.SMITH Jonathan R.lEAKE Davey l.JONES School of Natural Sciences Bangor UniversityGwyneddLL572UWUK National Institute of Agricultural Botany Huntingdon RoadCambridgeCB 3 OLEUK Plants Photosynthesis and SoilUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldS102TNUK Centre for Sustainable Farming Systems Food Futures InstituteMurdochWA 6150Australia

Agricultural intensification and the subsequent decline of mixed farming systems has led to an increase in continuous cropping with only a few fallow or break years,undermining global soil health.Arable-ley rotations incorporating temporary pastures(leys) lasting 1–4 years may alleviate soil degradation by building soil fertility and improving soil structure.However,the majority of previous research on arable-ley rotations has utilized either grass or grassclover leys within ungrazed systems.Multispecies leys,containing a mix of grasses,legumes,and herbs,are rapidly gaining popularity due to their promotion in agri-environment schemes and potential to deliver greater ecosystem services than conventional grass or grass-clover leys.livestock grazing in arable-ley rotations may increase the economic resilience of these systems,despite limited research of the effects of multispecies leys on ruminant health and greenhouse gas emissions.This review aims to evaluate previous research on multispecies leys,highlighting areas for future research and the potential benefits and disbenefits on soil quality and livestock productivity.The botanical composition of multispecies leys is crucial,as legumes,deep rooted perennial plants(e.g.,Onobrychis viciifolia and Cichorium intybus) and herbs(e.g.,Plantago lanceolata) can increase soil carbon,improve soil structure,reduce nitrogen fertilizer requirements,and promote the recovery of soil fauna(e.g.,earthworms) in degraded arable soils while delivering additional environmental benefits(e.g.,biological nitrification inhibition and enteric methane reduction).Multispecies leys have the potential to deliver biologically driven regenerative agriculture,but more long-term research is needed to underpin evidence-based policy and farmer guidance.

关键词： bioactive forages integrated crop-livestock systems nitrogen cycling plant secondary metabolites soil carbon soil quality

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lingual Raynaud's phenomenon in a patient with mixed connective tissue disease

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Rheumatology & Autoimmunity 2021年第2期1卷 101-103页

作者： emily l.Gilbert Division of Rheumatology Mayo ClinicJacksonvilleFloridaUSA

1|TEXT I present a case of lingual Raynaud's phenomenon(RP)in a 37-year-old Caucasian woman followed for mixed connective tissue disease(MCTD).During scheduled follow-up,she shared a selfie photograph demonstrating RP of the tongue with deep blue/violet discoloration.She was asymptomatic and had not recently eaten or drunk any cold or frozen food or liquid.Her tongue returned to normal coloration after about 2 min.

关键词： lingual Raynaud's mixed connective tissue disease

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Social-epigeneticmediators for racial disparities in pulmonary impairment among childhood cancer survivors

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Cancer Communications 2023年第2期43卷 290-293页

作者： Nan Song Qian Dong Cheng Chen Qian li Heather Mulder emily Plyler John Easton emily Walker Scott Olson Geoffrey Neale Kevin RKrull Deo Kumar Srivastava Kirsten K.Ness Jinghui Zhang Melissa M.Hudson leslie l.Robison I-Chan Huang Zhaoming Wang Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control St.Jude Children’s Research HospitalMemphisTN 38105USA College of Pharmacy Chungbuk National UniversityCheongjuChungbuk 28160South Korea School of Public Health Shanghai Jiaotong UniversityShanghai 200025P.R.China Department of Biostatistics St.Jude Children’s Research HospitalMemphisTN 38105USA Department of Computational Biology St.Jude Children’s Research HospitalMemphisTN 38105USA Hartwell Center St.Jude Children’s Research HospitalMemphisTN 38105USA Department of Oncology St.Jude Children’s Research HospitalMemphisTN 38105USA

Dear Editor Previous research found that childhood cancer survivors of African ancestry have significantly higher morbidity and mortality than those of European ancestry[1].However,after adjusting for socio-economic factors,the magnitudes of racial health disparities are either substantially decreased or become statistically non-significant[1],suggesting that social and economic determinants may contribute to racial health disparities.Recently,we conducted epigenome-wide association studies(EWAS)for three key social determinants of health(SDOHs),namely,personal educational attainment,personal income,and neighborhood deprivation among survivors of childhood cancer,where 130 epigenome-wide significant SDOH-CpG associationswere identified among European ancestry survivors,and 25 of which were also validated in African ancestry survivors[2].Notably,many SDOH-associated CpG sites are also associated with tobacco use.

关键词： vivo cancer mortality

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Testosterone therapy reduces hepatic steatosis in men with type 2 diabetes and low serum testosterone concentrations

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World Journal of Hepatology 2022年第4期14卷 754-765页

作者： Ross Apostolov emily Gianatti Darren Wong Numan Kutaiba Paul Gow Mathis Grossmann Marie Sinclair Department of Gastroenterology and liver Transplant Unit Austin HealthHeidelberg 3084VICAustralia Department of Medicine University of MelbourneParkville 3010VICAustralia Department of Endocrinology Fiona Stanley HospitalMurdoch 6150WAAustralia Department of Radiology Austin HealthHeidelberg 3084VICAustralia Department of Endocrinology Austin HealthHeidelberg 3084VICAustralia

BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFlD)is highly prevalent in people with diabetes with no available treatment.AIM To explore the effect of testosterone treatment on liver.Testosterone therapy improves insulin resistance and reduces total body fat,but its impact on the liver remains poorly studied.METHODS This secondary analysis of a 40 wk,randomised,double-blinded,placebocontrolled trial of intramuscular testosterone undecanoate in men with type 2 diabetes and lowered serum testosterone concentrations evaluated the change in hepatic steatosis as measured by liver fat fraction on magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).RESUlTS Of 88 patients enrolled in the index study,39 had liver MRIs of whom 20 received testosterone therapy and 19 received placebo.All patients had>5%hepatic steatosis at baseline and 38 of 39 patients met diagnostic criteria for NAFlD.Median liver fat at baseline was 15.0%(IQR 11.5%-21.1%)in the testosterone and 18.4%(15.0%-28.9%)in the placebo group.Median AlT was 34units/l(26-38)in the testosterone and 32units/l(25-52)in the placebo group.At week 40,patients receiving testosterone had a median reduction in absolute liver fat of 3.5%(IQR 2.9%-6.4%)compared with an increase of 1.2%in the placebo arm(between-group difference 4.7%Plling for baseline liver fat,testosterone therapy was associated with a relative reduction in liver fat of 38.3%(95%confidence interval 25.4%-49.0%,PlUSION Testosterone therapy was associated with a reduction in hepatic steatosis in men with diabetes and low serum testosterone.Future randomised studies of testosterone therapy in men with NAFlD focusing on liver-related endpoints are therefore justified.

关键词： Hepatic steatosis Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis Testosterone therapy Testosterone undecanoate Type 2 diabetes

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Beneficial mechanisms of aerobic exercise on hepatic lipid metabolism in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2015年第2期14卷 139-144页

作者： Rui Guo emily C liong Kwok Fai So Man-lung Fung George l Tipoe Departments of Anatomy li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong Physiology Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong Kong

BACKGROUND：Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease（NAFlD）refers to any fatty liver disease that is not due to excessive use of alcohol.NAFlD probably results from abnormal hepatic lipid metabolism and insulin resistance.Aerobic exercise is shown to improve NAFlD.This review aimed to evaluate the molecular mechanisms involved in the beneficial effects of aerobic exercise on NAFlD.DATA SOURCE：We searched articles in English on the role of aerobic exercise in NAFlD therapy in Pub Med.RESUlTS： The mechanisms of chronic aerobic exercise in regulating the outcome of NAFlD include：（i） reducing in- trahepatic fat content by down-regulating sterol regulatory element-binding protein-lc and up-regulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor y expression levels; （ii） decreas- ing hepatic oxidative stress through modulating the reactive oxygen species, and enhancing antioxidant enzymes such as catalase and glutathione peroxidase; （iii） ameliorating hepatic inflammation via the inhibition of pro-inflammatory media- tors such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1 beta; （iv） attenuating mitochondrial dependent apoptosis by reducing cytochrome C released from the mitochondria to the cytosol; and （v） inducing hepato-protective autophagy. CONClUSION： Aerobic exercise, via different mechanisms, significantly decreases the fat content of the liver and improves the outcomes of patients with NAFlD.

关键词： non-alcoholic fatty liver disease chronic aerobic exercise oxidative stress inflammation apoptosis autophagy

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Administration of soluble activin receptor 2B increases bone and muscle mass in a mouse model of osteogenesis imperfecta

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Bone Research 2015年第1期3卷 40-45页

作者： Douglas J DiGirolamo Vandana Singhal Xiaoli Chang Se-Jin lee emily l Germain-lee Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Bone & Osteogenesis Imperfecta Department Kennedy Krieger Institute Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Department of Pediatrics Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Osteogenesis imperfecta（OI） comprises a group of heritable connective tissue disorders generally defined by recurrent fractures, low bone mass, short stature and skeletal fragility. Beyond the skeletal complications of OI,many patients also report intolerance to physical activity, fatigue and muscle weakness. Indeed, recent studies have demonstrated that skeletal muscle is also negatively affected by OI, both directly and indirectly. Given the well-established interdependence of bone and skeletal muscle in both physiology and pathophysiology and the observations of skeletal muscle pathology in patients with OI, we investigated the therapeutic potential of simultaneous anabolic targeting of both bone and skeletal muscle using a soluble activin receptor 2B（ACVR2B） in a mouse model of type Ⅲ OI（oim）. Treatment of 12-week-old oim mice with ACVR2 B for 4 weeks resulted in significant increases in both bone and muscle that were similar to those observed in healthy,wild-type littermates. This proof of concept study provides encouraging evidence for a holistic approach to treating the deleterious consequences of OI in the musculoskeletal system.

关键词： bone Administration of soluble activin receptor 2B increases bone and muscle mass in a mouse model of osteogenesis imperfecta

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Impacts and challenges of United States medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2020年第15期8卷 3136-3141页

作者： Stacey Rolak Alexis M Keefe emily l Davidson Prabesh Aryal Sandesh Parajuli Department of Medicine University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWI 53705United States College of Medicine Nepalese Army Institute of Health SciencesKathmandu 44600Nepal Division of Nephrology Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWI 53705United States

The delivery of medical student education has changed rapidly during the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic.Students in their pre-clinical years have transitioned to online courses and examinations.Students in their clinical years are not permitted on clinical rotations,and face uncertainties in career exploration and the residency application process.Medical students in all stages of training are volunteering and helping their communities.The future presence of COVID-19 throughout the United States is unknown,and medical students are eager to return to their training.This paper outlines current challenges in medical student education and the various responses that have been adopted.We also discuss possible future directions for students through involvement in telemedicine,outpatient clinic visits,and non-respiratory inpatient care tasks as adequate personal protective equipment,COVID-19 testing,and resources become more widely available.

关键词： COVID-19 Education Medical students Telemedicine Healthcare delivery Schools

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Differential effects of short term winter thermal stress on diapausing tiger swallowtail butterflies （Papilio spp.）

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Insect Science 2012年第3期19卷 277-285页

作者： J. Mark Scriber emily Maher Matthew l. Aardema Department of Entomology Michigan State University East Lansing MI McGuire Center for lepidoptera and Biodiversity Florida Museum of Natural History University of Florida Gainesville FL Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Princeton University Princeton N J USA

It is generally thought that insects inhabiting lower latitudes are more severely impacted by changes in their thermal environment than are high latitude species. This is attributed to the wider range of temperatures to which high-latitude species are exposed. By contrast, low-latitude species have typically evolved in more thermally stable environments with a narrower range of temperature variation. However, deviation from this pattern can occur and here we report that under variable winter conditions a higher latitude species may be more sensitive to thermal variation than its lower latitude sister species. Using split broods, we examined the survival and adult emergence success of diapausing pupae of Papilio canadensis and P. glaucus, as well as a unique, recombinant hybrid population （＂late-flight＂） to short periods of mid-winter cold and heat stress. Our results indicate that the higher latitude, univoltine populations （P. canadensis and late-flights） exhibit lower pupal survival than the lower latitude, facultative diapauser （P. glaucus） for all mid-winter thermal stress treatments, both high and low. Size differences alone do not appear to account for the observed differences in survival or metabolic costs in these three pheno- types, as late-flight individuals are similar in size to R glaucus. We attribute the observed differences in survival and weight loss to potential metabolic differences and variation in the intensity of diapause, in addition to divergent adaptation to winter precipitation levels （e.g. snow cover） and the influences this may have on microhabitat temperature moderation.

关键词： climate change developmental threshold incipient hybrid species metabolic cost Papilionidae post-diapause delays thermal stress

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