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National forest Inventories capture the multifunctionality of managed forests in Germany

forest Ecosystems 2021年第1期8卷 50-68页

作者： Nadja K.Simons María R.felipe-Lucia Peter Schall Christian Ammer Jürgen Bauhus Nico Blüthgen Steffen Boch françois Buscot Markus fischer Kezia Goldmann Martin M.Gossner falk Hänsel Kirsten Jung Peter Manning Thomas Nauss Yvonne Oelmann Rodica Pena Andrea Polle Swen C.Renner Michael Schloter Ingo Schöning Ernst-Detlef Schulze Emily F.Solly Elisabeth Sorkau Barbara Stempfhuber Tesfaye Wubet Jörg Müller Sebastian Seibold Wolfgang W.Weisser Terrestrial Ecology Research Group Technische Universität MünchenHans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 285354 FreisingGermany Present address:Ecological Networks Technische Universität DarmstadtSchnittspahnstraße 364287 DarmstadtGermany Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UfZ Department of Ecosystem ServicesDeutscher Platz 5e04103 LeipzigGermany Present address:German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research(iDiv)Halle-Jena-Leipzig Deutscher Platz 5e04103 LeipzigGermany Silviculture and forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones University of GöttingenBüsgenweg 137077 GöttingenGermany Centre for Biodiversity and Sustainable Land-use University of GöttingenBüsgenweg 137073 GöttingenGermany Chair of Silviculture Faculty of Environment and Natural ResourcesUniversity of FreiburgTennenbacherstr.479106 FreiburgGermany Ecological Networks Technische Universität DarmstadtSchnittspahnstraße 364287 DarmstadtGermany Institute of Plant Sciences University of BernAltenbergrain 213013 BernSwitzerland Biodiversity and Conservation Biology WSL Swiss Federal Research InstituteZürcherstrasse 1118903 BirmensdorfSwitzerland Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UfZ Department of Soil EcologyTheodor-Lieser-Straße 406120 Halle(Saale)Germany German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research(iDiv)Halle-Jena-Leipzig Deutscher Platz 5e04103 LeipzigGermany forest Entomology WSL Swiss Federal Research InstituteZürcherstrasse 1118903 BirmensdorfSwitzerland Department of Environmental Systems Science Institute of Terrestrial EcosystemsETH ZürichUniversitätstr 168092 ZürichSwitzerland Environmental Informatics University of MarburgDeutschhausstraße 1235032 MarburgGermany Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics Ulm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 1189069 UlmGermany Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre Senckenberganlage 2560325 Frankfurt am MainGermany Geoecology University of TübingenRümelinstraße 19-2372070 TübingenGermany Present address:Department of Sustaina

Background:forests perform various important ecosystem functions that contribute to ecosystem services.In many parts of the world,forest management has shifted from a focus on timber production to multi-purpose forestry,combining timber production with the supply of other forest ecosystem services.However,it is unclear which forest types provide which ecosystem services and to what extent forests primarily managed for timber already supply multiple ecosystem services.Based on a comprehensive dataset collected across 150 forest plots in three regions differing in management intensity and species composition,we develop models to predict the potential supply of 13 ecosystem services.We use those models to assess the level of multifunctionality of managed forests at the national level using national forest inventory data.Results:Looking at the potential supply of ecosystem services,we found trade-offs(e.***.between both bark beetle control or dung decomposition and both productivity or soil carbon stocks)as well as synergies(e.***.for temperature regulation,carbon storage and culturally interesting plants)across the 53 most dominant forest types in Germany.No single forest type provided all ecosystem services equally.Some ecosystem services showed comparable levels across forest types(e.***.decomposition or richness of saprotrophs),while others varied strongly,depending on forest structural attributes(e.***.phosphorous availability or cover of edible plants)or tree species composition(e.***.potential nitrification activity).Variability in potential supply of ecosystem services was only to a lesser extent driven by environmental conditions.However,the geographic variation in ecosystem function supply across Germany was closely linked with the distribution of main tree species.Conclusions:Our results show that forest multifunctionality is limited to subsets of ecosystem services.The importance of tree species composition highlights that a lack of multifunctionality at the stand level can be compensated by managing forests at the

关键词： Ecosystem processes and services forest management Structural diversity Tree species composition Trade-offs and synergies forest productivity

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Global Change in Agricultural flash Drought over the 21st Century

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第2期41卷 209-220,I0002-I0019页

作者： emily BLACK National Centre for Atmospheric Science Fairbairn House71-75 Clarendon RoadLeedsLS29PHU.K Department of Meteorology Brian Hoskins BuildingUniversity of ReadingWhiteknights campusReadingRG66ETU.K.

Agricultural flash droughts are high-impact phenomena, characterized by rapid soil moisture dry down. The ensuing dry conditions can persist for weeks to months, with detrimental effects on natural ecosystems and crop cultivation. Increases in the frequency of these rare events in a future warmer climate would have significant societal impact. This study uses an ensemble of 10 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project(CMIP) models to investigate the projected change in agricultural flash drought during the 21st century. Comparison across geographical regions and climatic zones indicates that individual events are preceded by anomalously low relative humidity and precipitation, with long-term trends governed by changes in temperature, relative humidity, and soil moisture. As a result of these processes, the frequency of both upperlevel and root-zone flash drought is projected to more than double in the mid-and high latitudes over the 21st century, with hot spots developing in the temperate regions of Europe, and humid regions of South America, Europe, and southern Africa.

关键词： flash drought climate change soil moisture agricultural drought CMIP

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The role of grain boundaries in solid-state Li-metal batteries

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Materials futures 2023年第1期2卷 104-120页

作者： emily Milan Mauro Pasta Department of Materials University of OxfordOxford OX13PHUnited Kingdom The faraday Institution Didcot OX110RAUnited Kingdom

Despite the potential advantages promised by solid-state batteries,the success of solid-state electrolytes has not yet been fully realised.This is due in part to the lower ionic conductivity of solid electrolytes.In many solid superionic conductors,grain boundaries are found to be ionically resistive and hence contribute to this lower ionic conductivity.Additionally,in spite of the hope that solid electrolytes would inhibit lithium filaments,in most scenarios their growth is still observed,and in some polycrystalline systems this is suggested to occur along grain boundaries.It is apparent that grain boundaries affect the performance of solid-state electrolytes,however a deeper understanding is lacking.In this perspective,the current theories relating to grain boundaries in solid-state electrolytes are explored,as well as addressing some of the challenges which arise when trying to investigate their role.Glasses are presented as a possible solution to reduce the effect of grain boundaries in electrolytes.future research directions are suggested which will aid in both understanding the role of grain boundaries,and diminishing their contribution in cases where they are detrimental.

关键词： solid electrolytes grain boundaries lithium growth glasses

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Using self-determination theory to identify organizational interventions to support coal mineworkers’ dust-reducing practices

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2019年第3期29卷 371-378页

作者： emily J.Haas Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

Advancing the application of safety and health(S&H)technologies is likely to remain a value in the mining industry.However,any information that technologies generate must be translated from the organization to the workforce in a targeted way to result in sustainable change.Using a case study approach with continuous personal dust monitors(CPDMs),this paper argues for an organizational focus on technology integration.Although CPDMs provide mineworkers with near real-time feedback about their respirable coal dust exposure,they do not ensure that workers or the organization will continuously use the information to learn about and reduce exposure sources.This study used self-determination theory(SDT)to help three mines manage and communicate about information learned from the CPDM technology.Specifically,35 mineworkers participated in two mixed-method data collection efforts to discuss why they do or do not use CPDMs to engage in dust-reducing practices.Subsequently,the data was analyzed to better understand how organizations can improve the integration of technology through their management systems.Results indicate that using the CPDM to reduce sources of dust exposure is consistent with mineworkers’self-values to protect their health and not necessarily because of compliance to a manager or mine.

关键词： Autonomous organization Continuous personal dust monitor Respirable coal mine dust Safety and health management system Self-determination theory

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Altered physiology of gastrointestinal vagal afferents following neurotrauma

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第2期16卷 254-263页

作者： emily N.Blanke Gregory M.Holmes emily M.Besecker Department of Health Sciences Gettysburg CollegeGettysburgPAUSA Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences Penn State University College of MedicineHersheyPAUSA

The adaptability of the central nervous system has been revealed in several model systems.Of particular interest to central nervous system-injured individuals is the ability for neural components to be modified for regain of function.In both types of neurotrauma,traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury,the primary parasympathetic control to the gastrointestinal tract,the vagus nerve,remains anatomically intact.However,individuals with traumatic brain injury or spinal cord injury are highly susceptible to gastrointestinal dysfunctions.Such gastrointestinal dysfunctions attribute to higher morbidity and mortality following traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury.While the vagal efferent output remains capable of eliciting motor responses following injury,evidence suggests impairment of the vagal afferents.Since sensory input drives motor output,this review will discuss the normal and altered anatomy and physiology of the gastrointestinal vagal afferents to better understand the contributions of vagal afferent plasticity following neurotrauma.

关键词： gastrointestinal functions microbiome neurotrauma nodose ganglia sensory neuropathy spinal cord injury traumatic brain injury vagal afferents visceral reflexes

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Rogue gene networks gone awry in Alzheimer’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第12期16卷 2415-2416页

作者： emily Miyoshi Vivek Swarup Department of Neurobiology and Behavior University of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders(MIND) University of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA

The human brain consists of billions of cells encompassing hundreds of distinct cell-types,each with unique functions and properties.Identification of the molecular architecture of the brain has been revolutionized by nextgeneration sequencing(NGS),as evident by recent transcriptomic and genetic/epigenetic studies.NGS paved the way to perform largescale,genome-wide sequencing studies on human postmortem brain tissue,and this offered an unprecedented opportunity to elucidate the genetic bases of polygenic neurological disorders,like Alzheimer’s disease(AD).

关键词： Alzheimer properties. hundreds

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Spies and Postmen:Communications Liaisons and the Evolution of the Qing Bureaucracy

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frontiers of History in China 2019年第1期14卷 19-50页

作者： emily Mokros Department of History University of Kentucky1715 Patterson Office TowerLexingtonKY 40506USA

This article introduces the “communications liaison”(titang guan)——an official category little acknowledged in past scholarship on the late imperial Chinese state.Communications liaisons stationed at garrisons and administrative seats compiled intelligence and news reports for supervising officials in distant locations.In Beijing,capital liaisons compiled documents into court gazettes and supervised the distribution of documents,seals of office,and imperial gifts to the provinces.Besides these responsibilities,capital liaisons acquired reputations for following personal and patronage agendas that undermined the integrity of the bureaucratic state.Longstanding financial and administrative in consistencies within the Qing bureaucracy induced liaisons to misbehave.Still,characterizations of liaison malfeasance transformed over the course of the dynasty due to institutional developments including the implementation of new communications systems,the standardization of provincial administrations,and the expansion of office sales.Whereas liaisons in the early and mid-Qing periods were parties to political exchanges among the bureaucratic elite,by the dynasty's waning years,liaisons provided services for the larger population of bureaucratic personnel.The liaisons' transfbnnation from spies into postmen,as seen through the eyes of official critics,offers an opportunity to evaluate the impact of major changes in the Qing bureaucracy upon some of its least known officeholders.

关键词： Qing bureaucracy communications liaison dtang administrative crime

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Paths out of poverty:International experience

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2021年第4期20卷 857-867页

作者： fAN Sheng-gen emily EunYoung CHO College of Economics and Management China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083P.R.China International food Policy Research Institute WashingtonD.C.20005USA

The global community has committed,as the first priority of the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs),to end poverty in all its forms everywhere.While the decline of global poverty continues,progress has slowed and remains uneven through different parts of the world.To ensure that no one is left behind in China and beyond,research will be critical to inform paths out of poverty.In this regard,it is valuable to take stock of international experiences and the various pathways out of poverty with a focus on agriculture.Africa's agricultural growth has been largely driven by land expansion and poverty reduction has been the slowest among all regions.South Asia agriculture has been led by diversification of smallholder agriculture and its poverty reduction impact has been large,but its future poverty reduction is limited by rural–urban migration and lack of formal jobs in urban centers.Social protection programs have been used by many Latin American countries as the region is more urbanized than any other developing regions.China's agricultural and economic success was driven by agriculture-led reforms and rural development.These changes brought significantly higher incomes among rural residents,which accounted for highest initial levels of poverty and hunger,and in increased availability of food at affordable prices.Investments in nutrition,health,education,clean water,and good sanitation also complemented progress.The foremost lesson is that smallholder-led agriculture growth in land scarce countries often have the largest impact on poverty reduction.Secondly,nonfarm employment and rural–urban migration must follow once agricultural productivity has reached a certain level.However,premature exiting from agriculture can do more harm.Thirdly,even before large scale poverty reduction through sectoral and regional development is exhausted,social safety nets must be established to cover those who have not benefited from growth and development.Productive social safety nets have proven to be cost-effective in many countries.

关键词： poverty agriculture food systems sustainable development agricultural transformation

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Teen reactions to a self-representational avatar:A qualitative exploration

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2022年第2期11卷 157-163,I0002页

作者： emily Baysden Ninna Mendoza Chishinga Callender Zhigang Deng Debbe Thompson United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service Children’s Nutrition Research Center Department of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTX 77030USA Department of Computer Science University of HoustonHoustonTX 77204USA

Purpose:This research presents findings from a qualitative exploration of the reactions of adolescents(12-14 years old)to navigating an exergame with an avatar created from multiple scans of the player(referred to as a self-representational avatar).Methods:Post-gameplay interviews were conducted with adolescents following participation in a 20-min laboratory session(21.2±0.8 min,mean±SD)where the self-representational avatar was navigated through an exergame.Verbatim transcripts(n=40)were coded and analyzed by 2 independent coders using hybrid thematic analysis for this secondary data analysis.Codes were reviewed to identify themes representing adolescents’reactions.Results:four themes emerged.Adolescents connected with their avatars and felt protective toward them,which influenced their actions in the exergame and contributed to their overall game enjoyment.Conclusion:Creating exergames navigated by a self-representational avatar was an enjoyable experience and influenced gameplay.future research should explore the effect of this approach on gameplay frequency and intensity over time.

关键词： Avatar Exergame Physical activity Relatedness Self-determination theory

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Investigations on longwall mining subsidence impacts on Pennsylvania highway alignments

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2020年第1期30卷 85-92页

作者： emily Adelsohn Anthony Iannacchione Robert Winn Civil and Environmental Engineering University of PittsburghPittsburghPA 15213USA

Over 600 longwall panels have been mined in Pennsylvania in the last 50 years. Of those 600 panels, 25 panels undermined interstates highways. Despite this quantity of panels, much is still unknown regarded the detailed effects of undermining highways. The Gateway Mine, the Emerald Mine, and the Cumberland Mine undermined I-79 with 17 panels in 1982–1989 and in 2003–2008, respectively;Mine 84 undermined I-70 with 4 panels in 1987–2000. Through the examination of the panels that undermined I-70 and I-79, it is possible to determine which factors have most impacted the highway alignments. In some locations, the highway intersects with panels at angles ranging from 45° to 80°;and at the others, it runs between two panels, which simulates the effect of gateroads on the subsidence. The panel width to overburden ratio varies between 0.64 and 1.7, meaning that the interstates were influenced by both subcritical and supercritical subsidence basins. The face advance rates and overburden depths also vary between the panels. Unfortunately, specific information detailing highway impacts associated with unique characteristics of the subsidence basins are limited. In this paper, using the profile function model and influence function model within the surface deformation prediction system(SDPS), the effects of overburden,panel size, and orientation of the road on the highway can be indirectly assessed.

关键词： Longwall mining Subsidence Coal Interstate damage

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