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COVID-19 Downgraded Already Impaired Mental Health of Medical Undergraduates during the Pandemic Years

Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2023年第5期11卷 166-180页

作者： Rodrigo Corrêa Falcão Rodrigues Alves Rodolffo da Silva Fossa Vinicius de Calasans Timaco José Mariano Soares de Moraes emilio magalhães martins will Rinaldo Henrique Aguilar da Silva Luiz Antonio Vane Joaquim Edson Vieira Matheus Fachini Vane Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de Sã o José dos Campos S&atildeo José dos Campos Brazil Department of Anesthesiology Juiz de Fora Federal University Juiz de Fora Brazil Department of Anesthesiology Clinics Hospital University of S&atildeo Paulo Medical School S&atildeo Paulo Brazil Discipline of Anesthesiology Department of Surgery University of S&atildeo Paulo Medical School S&atildeo José dos Campos Brazil

Background: Measures to contain the COVID-19 transmission reached teaching routines of universities worldwide with possible mental health consequences for anxiety. This study assessed prevalence and risk factors for stress, depression, and anxiety (SDA) in medical students during quarantine by COVID-19. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study of medical students by means of the DASS-21 questionnaire. Risk factors for SDA were assessed based on epidemiologic questions related to COVID-19. Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curves were calculated for each predictor, as well as sensitivity and specificity. Results: This survey reached 1009 responses. A prevalence of 77.5% for some SDA disorder was found, 63% being severe. Previous diagnosis of psychiatric disorder was a factor of risk for anxiety (OR 2.78 CI95% 1.44 - 14.25, p = 0.044), as well as for depression (OR 3.37 CI95% 1.98 - 6.02, p Conclusion: Psychiatric conditions as well as chronic illnesses were risk factors for high prevalence of anxiety, depression and stress during the COVID-19 pandemic among medical students.

关键词： Mental Health COVID-19 Students Medical Surveys and Questionnaires

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Quaternary： “Quo Vadis”？

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Episodes 2005年第3期28卷 197-200页

作者： Kenitiro Suguio Alethéea Ernandes martins Sallun emilio A. A. Soares Centro de Pós-Graduacāo Pesquisa e Extensāo （CEPPE） Universidade Guarulhos （UnG） Praca Tereza Cristina 01-Guarulhos-SP-Brazil-07023-070 Programa de Pós-Graduacāo em Geologia Sedimentar-Instituto de Geociencias Universidade de Sāo Paulo Rua do Lago 562-Sāo Paulo-SP-Brazil-05508-080 Departamento de Geociencias Universidade Federal do Amazonas Av. Gal. Rodrigo O.J. Ramos 3000 Manaus-AM-Brazil-69077-000

The Quaternary, like the long-abandoned terms Primary, Secondary and Tertiary, is a very ambiguous word, whose chronological meaning is not very well defined. Its usage spread very quickly, perhaps due to its more-or-less close relationship with the human history and with the latest glaciations. However, the oldest of human fossil record, according to recent discoveries in Africa (Djourab Desert in Tchad), is about 7 million years old, rather than 2 million years as suggested by fossils at O1duvai. Moreover, for some time now, it has been known that the first Quaternary-type glaciations occurred in several regions of the Earth between 2.5 and 3 million years ago, that is prior to the Pliocene-Pleistocene limit at 1.81 million years ago, as determined by the GSSP. These facts have led some researchers, mostly from the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS), and from the International Association for Quaternary Research (INQUA), to suggest changes in the subdivision of the Neocenozoic. Certainly, discussions on this subject will be raised at many scientiflc meetings in the near future until almost unanimous agreement can be attained. Some additional suggestions are presented here, as a contribution to resolution of these nomenclatorial issues.

关键词：冰河作用化石非洲更新世上新世冰川

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