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Do non-target species visit feeders and water troughs targeting small game?A study from farmland Spain using camera-trapping

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Integrative Zoology 2021年第2期16卷 226-239页

作者： joséA.ARMENTEROS jesús CARO Carlos SÁNCHEZ-GARCÍA Beatriz ARROYO joséA.PÉREZ Vicente RGAUDIOSO emilio j.tizado Department of Animal Production Research Group on Game Species Breeding and ManagementUniversity of LeónLeónSpain Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos(IREC CSIC-UCLM-JCCM)Ciudad RealSpain Fundación Artemisan Ciudad RealSpain Department of Biodiversity and Environmental Management University of LeónPonferradaSpain

Provision of food and water is a widespread tool implemented around the world for the benefit of game and other wildlife,but factors affecting the use of food and water by non-target species are poorly known.We evaluated visits to feeders and water troughs by non-game species using camera-traps in two separate areas of Spain.Feeders and water troughs were either“protected”(when surrounded by more than 50%of shrubs/forest)or“open”(in the opposite case).A total of 18948 photos from 5344 camera-trapping days depicted animals,and 75 species were identified.Feeders and water troughs were visited by target species(partridges and lagomorphs,55.3%of visits)and non-target species(44.7%of visits).Among the latter,corvids were themost common(46.1%of visits),followed by rodents(26.8%),other birds(23.6%,mainly passerines),columbids(1.9%),and other species at minor percentages.The highest proportion of visiting days to feeders and water troughs was from corvids(0.173)followed by otherbirds(0.109)and rodents(0.083);the lowest proportion was recorded for columbids(0.016).Use intensity and visit frequency of water troughs tripled that recorded in feeders,and visits to open feeders/troughs were approximately twice those to protected ones.In summary:feeders and water troughs targeting small game species are also used regularly by non-target ones;they should be set close to cover to optimize their use by non-target species that are not competitors of target species(though corvids may visit them);water availability should be prioritized where drought periods are expected.

关键词： camera-trapping feeding game species management watering wildlife

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The impact of maternal immune activation on the morphology and electrophysiological properties of postnatally-born neurons in the offspring

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第2期19卷 399-400页

作者： emilio j.Galván Angelica Zepeda Departamento de Farmacobiología CINVESTAV Unidad Sur CdMxMéxico、Centro de Investigaciones sobre el EnvejecimientoCIE-CinvestavCdMxMéxico Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental Instituto de Investigaciones BiomédicasUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoUNAMCdMxMéxico

Pregnancy comes with a combination of physical changes and physiological immunosuppression that increases the susceptibility of women to pathogens and in turn,rises the prevalence of infectious diseases.

关键词： prevalence activation impact

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Temporal stability and directional change in a color cline of a marine snail from NW Spain

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Current Zoology 2024年第2期70卷 163-173页

作者： juan Gefaell Ramon Vigo A.Honorato Gonzalez-Vazquez juan Galindo emilio Rolan-Alvarez Centro de Investigacion Marina Universidade de VigoDepartamento de BioquimicaGenetica e Inmunologia36310 VigoSpain

The evolution and maintenance of color clines is a classic topic of research in evolutionary ecology.However,studies analyzing the temporal dynamics of such clines are much less frequent,due to the difficulty of obtaining reliable data about past color distributions along environmen-tal gradients.In this article,we describe a case of decades-long temporal stability and directional change in a color cline of the marine snail Littorina saxatilis along the coastal inlet of the Ria de Vigo(NW Spain).L.saxatilis from this area shows a clear color cline with 3 distinct areas from the innermost to the more wave-exposed localities of the Ria:the inner,protected localities show an abundance of fawn-like individuals;the intermediate localities show a high diversity of colors;and the outer,wave-exposed localities show populations with a high frequency of a black and lineated morph.We compare data from the 1970s and 2022 in the same localities,showing that the cline has kept relatively stable for at least over half a century,except for some directional change and local variability in the frequency of certain morphs.Multiple regression analyses and biodiversity measures are presented to provide clues into the selective pressures that might be involved in the maintenance of this color cline.Future research avenues to properly test the explanatory power of these selective agents as well as the possible origins of the cline are discussed.

关键词： clinal variation color polymorphism ecological gradient Littorina saxatilis natural selection wave exposure.

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Epidemiology and risk factors for mortality in critically ill patients with pancreatic infection

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journal of Intensive Medicine 2024年第1期4卷 81-93页

作者： Marie Dejonckheere Massimo Antonelli Kostoula Arvaniti Koen Blot Ben CreaghBrown Dylan Wde Lange jan De Waele Mieke Deschepper Yalim Dikmen George Dimopoulos Christian Eckmann Guy Francois Massimo Girardis Despoina Koulenti Sonia Labeau jeffrey Lipman Fernando Lipovestky emilio Maseda Philippe Montravers Adam Mikstacki joseArtur Paiva Cecilia Pereyra jordi Rello jeanFrancois Timsit Dirk Vogelaers Stijn Blot the Abdominal Sepsis Study(AbSeS)group on behalf of the Trials Group of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesGhent UniversityGhentBelgium Department of Anesthesiology Intensive Care and Emergency MedicineFondazione Policlinico Universitario A.Gemelli IRCCSRomeItaly UniversitàCattolica del Sacro Cuore RomeItaly Intensive Care Unit Papageorgiou University Affiliated HospitalThessaloníkiGreece Department of Epidemiology and Public Health SciensanoIxellesBelgium Surrey Perioperative Anaesthetic Critical Care Collaborative Research Group(SPACeR) Royal Surrey County HospitalGuildfordUK Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of SurreyGuildfordUK Department of Intensive Care Medicine University Medical Center UtrechtUniversity UtrechtUtrechtthe Netherlands Department of Intensive Care Medicine Ghent University HospitalGhentBelgium Data Science Institute Ghent University HospitalGhentBelgium Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation Cerrahpasa School of MedicineIstanbul University-CerrahpasaIstanbulTurkey rd Department of Critical Care “EVGENIDIO”HospitalNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthensGreece Department of General Visceral and Thoracic SurgeryKlinikum Hannoversch-MuendenGoettingen UniversityGöttingenGermany Division of Scientific Affairs-Research European Society of Intensive Care MedicineBrusselsBelgium Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department University Hospital of ModenaModenaItaly UQ Centre for Clinical Research Faculty of MedicineThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLDAustralia nd Critical Care Department Attikon University HospitalAthensGreece Department of Nursing Faculty of EducationHealth and Social WorkUniversity College GhentGhentBelgium jamieson Trauma Institute The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLDAustralia Nimes University Hospital University of MontpellierNimesFrance Critical Care Department Hospital of the Interamerican Open University(UAI)Buenos AiresArgentina Surgical Critical Care Department of AnesthesiaHospital Universitario

Background:The AbSeS-classification defines specific phenotypes of patients with intra-abdominal infection based on the(1)setting of infection onset(community-acquired,early onset,or late-onset hospital-acquired),(2)presence or absence of either localized or diffuse peritonitis,and(3)severity of disease expression(infection,sepsis,or septic shock).This classification system demonstrated reliable risk stratification in intensive care unit(ICU)patients with intra-abdominal infection.This study aimed to describe the epidemiology of ICU patients with pancreatic infection and assess the relationship between the components of the AbSeS-classification and mortality.Methods:This was a secondary analysis of an international observational study(“AbSeS”)investigating ICU patients with intra-abdominal infection.Only patients with pancreatic infection were included in this analysis(n=165).Mortality was defined as ICU mortality within 28 days of observation for patients discharged earlier from the ICU.Relationships with mortality were assessed using logistic regression analysis and reported as odds ratio(OR)and 95%confidence interval(CI).Results:The overall mortality was 35.2%(n=58).The independent risk factors for mortality included older age(OR=1.03,95%CI:1.0 to 1.1 P=0.023),localized peritonitis(OR=4.4,95%CI:1.4 to 13.9 P=0.011),and persistent signs of inflammation at day 7(OR=9.5,95%CI:3.8 to 23.9,P<0.001)or after the implementation of additional source control interventions within the first week(OR=4.0,95%CI:1.3 to 12.2,P=0.013).Gramnegative bacteria were most frequently isolated(n=58,49.2%)without clinically relevant differences in microbial etiology between survivors and non-survivors.Conclusions:In pancreatic infection,a challenging source/damage control and ongoing pancreatic inflammation appear to be the strongest contributors to an unfavorable short-term outcome.In this limited series,essentials of the AbSeS-classification,such as the setting of infection onset,diffuse peritonitis,and severity of disease expression,

关键词： Pancreatic infection Intensive care unit Mortality Intra-abdominal infection Sepsis

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Proteomic analysis of F_(1)hybrids and intermediate variants in a Littorina saxatilis hybrid zone

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Current Zoology 2022年第3期68卷 351-359页

作者： Angel P.DIZ Mónica R.ROMERO juan GALINDO María SAURA David O.F.SKIBINSKI emilio ROLÁN-ALVAREZ Centro de Investigación Mariña(CIM-UVIGO) Universidade de VigoVigo 36310Spain Departamento de Mejora Genética Animal INIAMadrid 28040Spain Institute of Life Science Swansea University Medical SchoolSwansea SA28PPUK

Proteomic analysis was carried out on the Crab(upper-shore)and Wave(lower-shore)ecotypes of Littorina saxatilis from a hybrid zone at Silleiro Cape,Spain.Proteome profiles of individual snails were obtained.Protein expression in F_(1)hybrid snails bred in the laboratory and snails with intermediate shell phenotypes collected from the mid-shore were compared with Crab and Wave ecotypes using analytical approaches used to study dominance.Multivariate analysis over many protein spots showed that the F_(1)snails are distinct from both ecotypes but closer to the Wave ecotype.The intermediate snails are highly variable,some closer to the Crab and others to the Wave ecotype.Considered on a protein by protein basis,some proteins are significantly closer in expression to the Crab and others to the Wave ecotype for both F_(1)and intermediate snails.Furthermore,a significant majority of proteins were closer in expression to the Wave ecotype for the F_(1),consistent with the multivariate analysis.No such significant majority toward either the Crab or Wave ecotype was observed for the intermediate snails.The closer similarity of F_(1)and Wave ecotype expression patterns could be the result of similar selective pressures in the similar mid-shore and low-shore environments.For a significantly larger number of proteins,intermediate snails were closer in expression to the ecotype having the lower expression,for both Crab and Wave ecotypes.This is somewhat unexpected as lower expression might be expected to be an indication of impairment of function and lower fitness.Proteomic analysis could be important for the identification of candidate proteins useful for gaining improved understanding of adaptation and barriers to gene flow in hybrid zones.

关键词： F_(1)hybrids gene expression marine invertebrates molecular phenotype reproductive isolation speciation

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The effect of urbanization and exposure to multiple environmental factors on life-history traits and breeding success of Barn Swallows(Hirundo rustica)across China

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Avian Research 2022年第3期13卷 301-310页

作者： Yanyan Zhao emilio Pagani-Nú~nez Yu Liu Xiaoying Xing Zhiqiang Zhang Guangji Pan Luting Song Xiang Li Zhuoya Zhou Yanqiu Chen Donglai Li Yang Liu Rebecca j.Safran State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol School of EcologySun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou510006China Institute of Eco-Environmental Research Guangxi Academy of SciencesNanning530007China Department of Health and Environmental Sciences Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool UniversitySuzhou215028China Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering Ministry of EducationCollege of Life SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing100091China College of Wildlife and Protected Area Northeast Forestry UniversityHarbin150006China Institute of Wildlife Conservation Central South University of Forestry and TechnologyChangsha410004China College of Life Science Liaoning UniversityShenyang110036China Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of ColoradoBoulderUSA

In addition to landscape changes,urbanization also brings about changes in environmental factors that can affect wildlife.Despite the common referral in the published literature to multiple environmental factors such as light and noise pollution,there is a gap in knowledge about their combined impact.We developed a multidimensional environmental framework to assess the effect of urbanization and multiple environmental factors(light,noise,and temperature)on life-history traits and breeding success of Barn Swallows(Hirundo rustica)across rural to urban gradients in four locations spanning over 2500 km from North to South China.Over a single breeding season,we measured these environmental factors nearby nests and quantified landscape urbanization over a 1km~2radius.We then analysed the relationships between these multiple environmental factors through a principal component analysis and conducted spatially explicit linear-mixed effects models to assess their effect on lifehistory traits and breeding success.We were particularly interested in understanding whether and how Barn Swallows were able to adapt to such environmental conditions associated with urbanization.The results show that there is significant variation in the exposure to environmental conditions experienced by Barn Swallows breeding across urbanization gradients in China.These changes and their effects are complex due to the behavioural responses ameliorating potential negative effects by selecting nesting sites that minimize exposure to environmental factors.However,significant relationships between landscape urbanization,exposure to environmental factors,and life-history traits such as laying date and clutch size were pervasive.Still,the impact on breeding success was,at least in our sample,negligible,suggesting that Barn Swallows are extremely adaptable to a wide range of environmental features.

关键词： Fitness Heat-island effect Latitude Light pollution Noise pollution Parental investment

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Simulation Architecture for Modelling Interaction Between User and Elbow-articulated Exoskeleton

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journal of Bionic Engineering 2017年第4期14卷 706-715页

作者： Bas j. de Kruif emilio Schmidhauser Konrad S. Stadler Leonard W. O'Sullivan School of Design & Health Research Institute University of Limerick Limerick Ireland Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research Equipment for Additive Manufacturing 5600 HE Eindhoven The Netherlands Zurich University of Applied Sciences School of Engineering 8401 CH Winterthur Switzerland

The aim of our work is to improve the existing user-exoskeleton models by introducing a simulation architecture that can simulate its dynamic interaction, thereby altering the initial motion of the user. A simulation architecture is developed that uses the musculoskeletal models from OpenSim, and that implements an exoskeleton control algorithm and human response model in Matlab. The musculoskeletal models need to be extended with the response of a user to external forces to simulate the dy- namic interaction. A set of experiments was performed to fit this response model. A validation test showed that more than 80% of the variance of the motion could be explained. With the human response model in the combined simulation architecture, a simulation in which an object connects with the exoskeleton or with the human is performed. The effect of the exoskeleton on, among others, muscle excitation and altered motion can be assessed with this architecture. Our work can be used to better predict the effect an exoskeleton has on the user.

关键词： human-exoskeleton modelling human response modelling exoskeleton musculoskeletal system exoskeletondesign

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Sex and season explain spleen weight variation in the Egyptian mongoose

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Current Zoology 2019年第1期65卷 11-20页

作者： Victor BANDEIRA emilio Virgos Alexandre AZEVEDO joao Carvalho Monica V. CUNHA Carlos Fonseca Dartment of Biology Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM) University of Aveiro Campus Universitario de Santiago Aveiro 3810-193 Portugal Departamento de Biologia Geologia Fisica y Qufmica Inorganica Area Biodiversidad y Conservacion Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnologia (ESCET) Universidad Rey Juan Carlos c/Tulipan s/n Mostoles Madrid E-28933 Spain Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research Alfred-Kowalke-Straβe 17 Berlin 10315 Germany Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas Abel Salazar R. Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228 Porto 4050-313 Portugal Instituto Nacional de Investigaqao Agraria e Veterinaria (INIAV) IP-National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinary Research Rua dos Lagidos Lugar da Madalena Vairao 4485-655 Portugal cE3c-Centre for Ecology Evolution and Environmental Changes Faculdade de Ciencias Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa 1749-016 Portugal BiolSI-Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute Faculdade de Ciencias Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa 1749-016 Portugal Wildlife Ecology & Health group (WE&H) and Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS) Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona 08193-Bellaterra Barcelona Spain

The Egyptia n mon goose (Herpestes ichneumon Linn aeus, 1758) is a medium-sized car nivore that experienced remarkable geographic expansion over the last 3 decades in the Iberian Peninsula. In this study, we investigated the association of species-related and abiotic factors with spleen weight (as a proxy for immunocompete nee) in the species. We assessed the relationship of body con dition, sex, age, seas on, and envir onmental conditi ons with splee n weight established for 508 hunted specimens. Our results indicate that the effects of sex and season outweigh those of all other variables, including body condition. Spleen weight is higher in males than in females, and heavier spleens are more likely to be found in spring, coinciding with the highest period of investment in reproduction due to mating, gestation, birth, and lactation. Coupled with the absence of an effect of body condition, our findi ngs suggest that splee n weight variation in this species is mostly influe need by lifehistory traits linked to reproduction, rather than overall energy availability, winter immunoenhancement, or energy partitioning effects, and prompt further research focusing on this topic.

关键词： body condition carnivore Herpestes ichneumon Iberian Peninsula mongoose spleen weight

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The Differing Effects of Nociception and Pain Memory on Pain Thresholds in Participants with and without a History of Injury: A Pretest-Posttest Quasi Experimental Study

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journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2022年第8期12卷 359-379页

作者： Derrick G. Sueki Kim Dunleavy emilio j. Puentedura Lindsey Heard Peter Van der Heide Ming-Shun Cheng Department of Physical Therapy Azusa Pacific University Azusa USA Department of Physical Therapy University of Florida Gainesville USA Department of Physical Therapy Baylor University Waco USA Scripps Memorial Hospital Encinitas USA Amigo Baby Oxnard USA Department of Physical Therapy Nova Southeastern University Fort Lauderdale USA

Purpose: Memory has been identified as an important protective feature to prevent future injury, but its role has yet to be ascertained. The current study aimed to determine whether there was a difference in pressure pain threshold (PPT) responses between participants with a prior history of injury of lower extremity injury (PSI) and those without (NPSI) when exposed to 1) experimental mechanical pain, 2) short-term memory recall of a painful stimulus, or 3) long-term memory of the pain associated with a prior injury. Subjects and Methods: The study used a pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design. A convenience sample of 59 pain-free participants was recruited from an urban university. Twenty-nine PSI and 30 NPSI were stratified into two groups based on their injury history with PPT values measured at baseline and immediately following each of the three experimental conditions. A repeated measure ANCOVA analysis was conducted for each condition to determine whether there was a difference in PPT responses between the two groups. Results: There was a statistically significant difference in PPT values between the two groups when exposed to experimental pain, F(1,57) = 6.010, p = 0.017, partial η2 = 0.095 and with long-term pain memory, F(1,57) = 4.886, p = 0.031, partial η2 = 0.079. There was no statistically significant difference between groups with short-term pain memory, F(1,57) = 3.925, p = 0.052, partial η2 = 0.064. Conclusions: These findings suggest that pain processing may be altered by pain memory, highlighting the role of experience and memory in the rehabilitation process.

关键词： Pain Memory Nociception Pressure Pain Threshold Pain Perception Pain Learning

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Karrikin and Cyanohydrin Smoke Signals Provide Clues to New Endogenous Plant Signaling Compounds

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Molecular Plant 2013年第1期6卷 29-37页

作者： Gavin R. Flematti Mark T. Waters Adrian Scaffidi David j. Merritt emilio L. Ghisalberti' Kingsley W.Dixon Steven M. Smith School of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Western Australia Crawley 6009 Western Australia Australia Centre in Plant Energy Biology University of Western Australia Crawley 6009 Western Australia Australia School of Plant Biology University of Western Australia Crawley 6009 Western Australia Australia Kings Park and Botanic Garden Fraser Avenue West Perth 6005 Western Australia Australia

Two new types of signaling compounds have been discovered in wildfire smoke due to their ability to stimulate seed germination. The first discovered were karrikins, which share some structural similarity with the strigol- actone class of plant hormones, and both signal through a common F-box protein. However, karrikins and strigolactones operate through otherwise distinct signaling pathways, each distinguished by a specific a/13 hydrolase protein. Genetic analysis suggests that plants contain endogenous compounds that signal specifically through the karrikin pathway. The other active compounds discovered in smoke are cyanohydrins that release germination-stimulating cyanide upon hydrolysis. Cyanohydrins occur widely in plants and have a role in defense against other organisms, but an additional role in endogenous cyanide signaling should also now be considered.

关键词： fire smoke karrikins strigolactones cyanohydrins cyanide seed germination Arabidopsis thaliana.

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