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Assessing Quality of Reclaimed Urban Wastewater from Algarrobo Municipality to Be Used for Irrigation

Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2018年第11期10卷 1090-1105页

作者： Desiree Munoz-Sánchez Veronika Bogodist Vicente Manuel García-Canizares David Frías-Gil María Remedios López-Díaz emilio jaime-fernández María Remedios Romero-Aranda Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology IHSM-La MayoraCSICAlgarroboSpain

In the European Mediterranean area, the lack of available water resources had led to consider the reclaimed urban waters as an integral part of water resources. Reclaimed urban waters could mitigate water shortage, support agriculture sector and protect rivers and groundwater resources. This work is focused on the evaluation of reclaimed urban water (RW) from Algarrobo municipality, which is located in the Málaga province in the Mediterranean coast at South-East of Spain. Wastewater in the municipal waste water treatment plant, was treated by a membrane bioreactor (MBR) as a tertiary treatment. The main goal of this work was to determine the composition of RW to be compared with fresh local water (LW) from the Algarrobo River, in order to evaluate its suitability for irrigation. Electrical conductivity (EC), pH, sodium absorption ratio (SAR), and mineral content were weekly measured from September 2017 until June 2018. Assessment of RW quality was carried out considering the limit values for each parameter as stated by the current Spanish legislation RD 1620/2007 for reuse of reclaimed water and European Directive for water reuse (EU 91/271/EEC, Annex I). The MBR facility was also focused on preserving essential minerals for plant nutrition to use them for crop fertilization instead of commercial fertilizers. The average content of nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium were, respectively, 72%, 65% and 46% of the amount needed for the Hoagland 1/4 strength solution that was used in this study for irrigation of tomato, avocado and mango crops. From this study it appears that it is possible using membrane technology, to treat urban wastewater in order to supply a good quality of water for irrigation. Water analysis has also proved MBR to be efficient for removal of microbiological pollutants, inorganic compounds, some trace elements and heavy metals. The assessment of RW shows that the evaluated parameters of water-quality are within the range of values stated by Spanish

关键词： Reclaimed Urban Water MBR Electrical Conductivity SAR Nutrients Trace Elements Heavy Metals

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Early Feeding vs 5-Day Fasting after Distal Elective Bowel Anastomoses in Children.A Randomized Controlled Trial

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Surgical Science 2013年第1期4卷 45-48页

作者： Roberto Davila-Perez Eduardo Bracho-Blanchet Francisco Galindo-Rocha Jose Tovilla-Mercado Gustavo Varela-Fascinetto emilio fernandez-Portilla Pablo Lezama-del-Valle jaime Nieto-Zermeno Pediatric Surgery Department Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico GomezMexico CityMexico

Purpose: Determine the safety and efficacy of early enteral feeding after distal elective bowel anastomoses (DEBA) in children. Methods: Controlled randomized trial including pediatric patients with DEBA, excluding non-elective and high risk patients. Variables: Demographics, operative time, anastomosis placement, beginning peristalsis and bowel movement, time to full diet intake, post-operative stay, persisting vomiting and abdominal distention, wound infection or dehiscence, anastomotic leak, reoperation, death. Randomization into: 1) Experimental group (EG): early feeding group, after a minimum 24 hours fasting period, oral fluids and diet was started;2) Control group (CG): obligatory 5-day fasting. Descriptive Statistics: Student’s t test for quantitative and Chi square for qualitative variables, a p-value 0.05 was considered significant. Results: 60 patients were included since June 2003 to May 2004, 30 ineach group. Mean age 2 years, weight16 kg, malnutrition 33%. Stomal Ethiology: Anorectal-malformation 46%, Hirschsprung 13%, inflammatory 35%, tumoral 5%. Mostly in colon 71%. Mean surgical time 142 min. None developed vomiting or required nasogastric-tube. Mild abdominal distension 13%, mild fever 16.5% and wound complications 18%. Anastomosis leakage 6.5%, none required reoperations. Demographic variables showed no statistical differences. Full oral intake was in the 2nd postoperative day in the EG vs CG (p = 0.001). Postoperative hospital stay was 6.0 ± 3 in the EG vs 9.8 ± 4 days in the CG with clinical but not statistical significance. Peristalsis beginning, first flatus passage and bowel movements showed no statistical differences. The complication incidence was low and equally distributed. Conclusions: Early feeding after DEBA is safe and well tolerated in children.

关键词： Early Feeding Bowel Anastomosis Children

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A Comparative Analysis between the Spanish and Portuguese Seismic Codes: Application to a Border RC Primary School

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Journal of Mechanics Engineering and Automation 2020年第3期10卷 87-97页

作者： María-Victoria Requena-Garcia-Cruz Antonio Morales-Esteban María-Luisa Segovia-Verjel emilio Romero-Sánchez jaime De-Miguel-Rodríguezand João Manuel Carvalho Estêvão Department of Building Structures and Geotechnical Engineering University of SevilleAv.Reina Mercedes 2Seville 41012Spain Department of Civil Engineering ISEUniversity of AlgarveFaro 8005-139Portugal

The Iberian Peninsula is close to the Eurasia-Africa plate boundary resulting in a considerable seismic *** fact,the southwestern Iberian Peninsula is affected by far away earthquakes of long-return period with large-very large magnitude.A project named PERSISTAH(Projetos de Escolas Resilientes aos SISmos no Território do Algarve e de Huelva,in Portuguese)aims to cooperatively assess the seismic vulnerability of primary schools located in the Algarve(Portugal)and Huelva(Spain).Primary schools have been selected due to the considerable amount of similar buildings and their seismic *** Portugal,the Decreto Lei 235/83(RSAEEP)is mandatory while in Spain,the mandatory code is the Seismic Building Code(NCSE-02).In both countries,the Eurocode-8(EC-8)is *** the fact that both regions would be equally affected by an earthquake,both seismic codes are significantly *** research compares the seismic action of Ayamonte(Huelva)and Vila Real de Santo António(Portugal).Both towns are very close and located at both sides of the ***,they share the same *** analysis has been applied considering a reinforced concrete(RC)primary school building located in *** do so,the performance-based method has been *** seismic action and the damage levels are compared and *** results have shown considerable differences in the seismic actions designation,in the performance point values and in the damage *** values considered in the Portuguese code are significantly more *** agreement between codes should be made for border regions.

关键词： Performance-based method seismic code seismic behaviour nonlinear analysis Iberian Peninsula RC building

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