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The rise of the digital economy:Thoughts on blockchain technology and cryptocurrencies for the collaborative economy

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International Journal of Innovation Studies 2019年第4期3卷 84-93页

作者： Myriam Ertz emilie boily Department of Economics and Administrative Sciences Universite Du Quebec a ChicoutimiChicoutimiQuebecG7H 2B1Canada

This study highlights the potential impacts of blockchain technology on the collaborativeeconomy(CE),colloquially known as the sharing *** conceptual review firstanalyzes how the CE intersects with the blockchain *** consumptioninvolves an intensification of peer-to-peer trade,underpinned by robust digital in-frastructures and processes,hence an increased use of new technologies and a redefinitionof business *** an inherently connected economy,the CE is,therefore,prone tointegrating the most recent technological advances including artificial intelligence,bigdata analysis,augmented reality,the smart grid,and blockchain *** reviewthen furthers the examination of the organizational and managerial implications related tothe use of blockchain technology in terms of governance,transaction costs,and userconfidence.A closing case finally examines the role of a prominent social networking site(i.e.,Facebook)in the CE-blockchain nexus.

关键词： Blockchain technology Collaborative economy Cryptocurrency Social networking site Business Governance Trust Digital economy

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Assessing the utility of the tipping point ratio to monitor HIV treatment programmes in the era of universal access to ART

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2018年第1期3卷 85-96页

作者： Simon de Montigny Marie-Claude boily Benoît RMasse Kate M.Mitchell Dobromir T.Dimitrov CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center MontrealQCCanada School of Public Health University of MontrealMontrealQCCanada Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology Imperial CollegeLondonUnited Kingdom Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center SeattleWAUnited States

Background:The epidemiological tipping point ratio(TPR)has been suggested as a useful indicator to monitor the scale-up of antiretroviral treatment(ART)programmes and determine when scale-up is sufficient to control the *** has been defined as the ratio of yearly number of new HIV infections to the yearly number of new ART initiations or to the yearly net increase in the number of people on *** has been used to rank the progress of treatment programmes across countries,with the objective of reaching a TPR value under *** study aims to assess if TPR alone can be used as an indicator of ART success across settings by comparing the expected changes in HIV incidence and ART coverage when TPR is maintained constant over *** particular,we focus on the effect of ART initiation timing(emphasis on ART being initiated early or late during HIV progression)on the interpretation of the ***:We used a dynamic model of HIV transmission in South Africa representing ART rollout leading to universal treatment in *** model is calibrated to HIV incidence,HIV prevalence and ART coverage in 2012 in South Africa,and 1000 simulations are selected for the base-case *** measure the effect of TPR,we simulate TPRpreserving interventions,maintaining TPR(yearly number of new ART initiations denominator)at the value observed in 2019(between 0.65 and 1.25)for 15 *** compare ART coverage and HIV incidence across TPR values and across strategies in which ART access is prioritized *** a secondary analysis,we illustrate the sensitivity of new ART initiations to ART retention,and we compare both definitions of the ***:Our analysis shows that HIV incidence reduction is weakly correlated to TPR:the same reduction in HIV incidence(15%)can be achieved by implementing the same strategy with a wide range of TPR maintained(0.65e1.12).Assuming high retention in ART,TPR-preserving strategies prioritizing early ART initiation yield greater reduction i

关键词： treatment maintained retention

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Using data from‘visible’populations to estimate the size and importance of‘hidden’populations in an epidemic:A modelling technique

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2020年第1期5卷 798-813页

作者： Anna M.Foss Holly J.Prudden Kate M.Mitchell Michael Pickles Reynold Washington Anna E.Phillips Michel Alary Marie-Claude boily Stephen Moses Charlotte H.Watts Peter T.Vickerman Department of Global Health and Development and Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine15-17 Tavistock PlaceLondonWC1H 9SHUK Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology School of Public HealthImperial College LondonMedical School BuildingSt Mary’s CampusNorfolk PlaceLondonW21PGUK St John’s Research Institute 100 Feet RoadJohn NagarKoramangalaBangalore560034KarnatakaIndia Department of Community Health Sciences Max Rady College of MedicineRady Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of ManitobaS113-750 Bannatyne AvenueWinnipegManitobaR3E 0W3Canada Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-UniversitéLaval 1050 Chemin Ste-FoyQuébec(Qc)G1S 4L8Canada Département de médecine sociale et préventive Facultéde médecineUniversitéLaval1050avenue de la MédecineQuébec(Qc)G1V 0A6Canada

We used reported behavioural data from cisgender men who have sex with men and transgender women(MSM/TGW)in Bangalore,mainly collected from‘hot-spot’locations that attract MSM/TGW,to illustrate a technique to deal with potential issues with the representativeness of this sample.A deterministic dynamic model of HIV transmission was developed,incorporating three subgroups of MSM/TGW,grouped according to their reported predominant sexual role(insertive,receptive or versatile).Using mathematical modelling and data triangulation for‘balancing’numbers of partners and role preferences,we compared three different approaches to determine if our technique could be useful for inferring characteristics of a more‘hidden’insertive MSM subpopulation,and explored their potential importance for the HIV *** for 2009 across all three approaches suggest that HIV prevalence among insertive MSM was likely to be less than half that recorded in the surveys(4.5e6.5%versus 13.1%),but that the relative size of this subgroup was over four times larger(61e69%of all MSM/TGW versus 15%).We infer that the insertive MSM accounted for 10e20%of all prevalent HIV infections among urban males aged *** modelling can be used with data on‘visible’MSM/TGW to provide insights into the characteristics of‘hidden’MSM.A greater understanding of the sexual behaviour of all MSM/TGW is important for effective HIV *** broadly,a hidden subgroup with a lower infectious disease prevalence than more visible subgroups,has the potential to contain more infections,if the hidden subgroup is considerably larger in size.

关键词： HIV Infectious diseases Mathematical modelling Men who have sex with men Transgender women India

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