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Teaching Spatial Science Courses in Public Universities in Tanzania: Challenges and Opportunities

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Journal of Geographic Information System 2013年第6期5卷 543-547页

作者： emiliana John mwita Geography Department Dar es Salaam University College of Education Dar es Salaam Tanzania

Spatial science courses that are Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) are increasingly growing into extremely important disciplines that accommodate various applications in wider sectors of development. Effective teaching and learning of the courses, however, requires intensive investment in facilities and human resources, since the technology is sophisticated and growing fast. This study aims at exploring the challenges of teaching and learning spatial science courses, RS and GIS, particularly in public universities in Tanzania. The study also identifies possible opportunities to improve the situation. Using social survey techniques in data gathering and analysis and author’s own experience, lack of resources, poor background to the courses, delivery methods, limited number of staff and large classes were seen to be the major obstacles in successful learning and teaching. Opportunities exist in using open source resources, collaboration with other institutions within and outside the country and for the universities to give due weight to the courses by building capacity of their staff and procuring facilities, especially laboratories equipments.

关键词： GIS Remote Sensing Learning Obstacles

Detection of Small Wetlands with Multi Sensor Data in East Africa

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Advances in Remote Sensing 2012年第3期1卷 64-73页

作者： emiliana mwita Gunter Menz Salome Misana Pamela Nienkemper Center for Development Research (ZEF) Bonn Germany Department of Geography Dares Salaam University College of Education Dares es Salaam Tanzania Department of Geography Remote Sensing Research Group University of Bonn Bonn Germany Department of Geography University of Dar es Salaam Dares es Salaam Tanzania

The dynamic nature and inaccessibility of wetland ecosystems restricts in situ data collection and promote the use of various remote sensing platforms. This is because of their ability to record large areas in comparatively short time periods and map physically unreachable areas. Sensors in the optical and microwave range of the electromagnetic spectrum play a critical role in wetlands detection and delineation, as they complement each other in data collection. This study examined the potential of optical and microwave remote sensing in detecting the diversity of small wetlands ( ha) in the semi-arid and sub humid parts of Laikipia and Pangani plains and the humid parts of Mt. Kenya and Usambara highlands in Kenya and Tanzania, respectively. An intensive field survey was conducted to supplement the remotely sensed data. Decision tree, supervised and unsupervised classification techniques, facilitated the detection of floodplains and inland valley wetlands within the study sites. The results reveal that although optical and microwave data work effectively in the detection of wetlands the latter would be more effective in larger wetlands than those in the scope of this study.

关键词： Wetlands Delineation Microwave Optical Kenya Tanzania

Seasonal Vegetation Changes in the Malinda Wetland Using Bi-Temporal, Multi-Sensor, Very High Resolution Remote Sensing Data Sets

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Advances in Remote Sensing 2014年第1期3卷 33-48页

作者： David N. Kuria Gunter Menz Salome Misana emiliana mwita Hans-Peter Thamm Miguel Alvarez Neema Mogha Mathias Becker Helida Oyieke Department of Geography Dar es Salaam University College of Technology Dar es Salaam Tanzania Department of Geography Free University Berlin Malteserstr Germany Department of Geography University of Bonn Meckenheimer Allee Bonn Germany Department of Geography University of Dar es Salaam Dar es Salaam Tanzania Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation University of Bonn Katzenburgweg Germany Institute of Geomatics GIS & Remote Sensing Dedan Kimathi University of Technology Nyeri Kenya National Museums of Kenya Nairobi Kenya

Small wetlands in East Africa have grown in prominence driven by the unreliable and diminished rains and the increasing population pressure. Due to their size (less than 500 Ha), these wetlands have not been studied extensively using satellite remote sensing approaches. High spatial resolution remote sensing approaches overcome this limitation allowing detailed inventorying and research on such small wetlands. For understanding the seasonal variations in land cover within the Malinda Wetland in Tanzania (350 Ha), two periods were considered, May 2012 coinciding with the wet period (rainy season) and August 2012 coinciding with a fairly rain depressed period (substantially dry but generally cooler season). The wetland was studied using very high spatial resolution orthophotos derived from Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) photography fused with TerraSAR-X Spotlight mode dual polarized radar data. Using these fused datasets, five main classes were identified that were used to firstly delineate seasonal changes in land use activities and secondly used in determining phenology changes. Combining fuzzy maximum likelihood classification, knowledge classifier and Change Vector Analysis (CVA), land cover classification was undertaken for both seasons. From the results, manifold anthropogenic activities are taking place between the seasons as evidenced by the high conversion rates (63.01 Ha). The phenological change was also highest within the human influence class due to the growing process of cropped land (26.60 Ha). Much of the changes in both cover and phenology are occurring in the mid upper portion of the wetland, attributed to the presence of springs in this portion of the wetland along the banks of River Mkomazi. There is thus seasonality in the observed anthropogenic influence between the wetland and its periphery.

关键词： Image Fusion Land Cover Classification Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Change Vector Analysis Land Cover Change Vegetation Phenology

Detection of Small Wetlands with Multi Sensor Data in East Africa

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Factors Affecting Cotrimoxazole Prophylactic Therapy Compliance in HIV Patients Attending a Care and Treatment Clinic at Bugando Medical Centre in Mwanza, Tanzania

Advances in Remote Sensing（遥感技术进展） 2012年第3期

作者： emiliana mwita Gunter Menz Salome Misana Pamela Nienkemper

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2024年第2期14卷 456-468页

作者： Stanley mwita Felix Tarimo Rahma Mbalamla Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacy Practice Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences Mwanza Tanzania Department of Biochemistry Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences Mwanza Tanzania

Introduction: Cotrimoxazole Prophylactic Therapy (CPT) compliance lowers the risk of opportunistic infections and other Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)-related diseases. The aim of this study was to examine factors that influence compliance with CPT among HIV patients in the Care and Treatment Clinic (CTC) at Bugando Medical Centre (BMC) in Mwanza, Tanzania. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the BMC between April 1, 2021, and June 30, 2021. Data were collected using face-to-face interviews and a semi-structured questionnaire. Data are presented in frequency, percentages, and cross-tabulation tables. A P-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The prevalence of compliance with CPT by self-reported measurement was 158 (63.7%). Most CPT-compliant participants were more likely to have a spouse who is familiar with CPT, have a family member who is aware of their HIV status, and be aware of the benefits of CPT. The majority of participants who complied with CPT were more likely to have experienced counseling during refill, felt that the length of time spent seeing doctors for treatment was reasonable, and received accurate information from them. Conclusion: Most adult HIV patients attending CTC at BMC were reported to be in compliance with CPT. These findings suggest that improving social support and patient-provider communication may be effective strategies for improving compliance with CPT among HIV patients.

关键词： Factors Compliance Co-Trimoxazole Prophylactic Therapy HIV/AIDS Tanzania Bugando Medical Centre

Knowledge of Risk Factors for Hypertension among University Students in Northwestern Tanzania: A Cross-Sectional Study

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2024年第3期14卷 471-479页

作者： Peter Masikini Irene Constantine Stanley mwita Department of Internal Medicine Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences Mwanza Tanzania Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacy Practice Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences Mwanza Tanzania

Introduction: Obesity, excessive alcohol use, cigarette smoking, a lack of physical activity, stress, and an unhealthy diet are modifiable risk factors linked to hypertension. Non-modifiable risk factors for hypertension include older age and a family history of hypertension. The purpose of this study was to assess university students’ knowledge of hypertension risk factors. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at St. Augustine University of Tanzania. A pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Out of a total score of eight, a score of four or more was considered good knowledge, and a score of less than four was considered poor. All sociodemographic characteristics were included in logistic regression to calculate the adjusted odds ratio. Results: A total of 390 undergraduate students participated in this study. Most of the participants 266 (68.2%) identified stress as a risk factor for hypertension. The median (IQR) knowledge score was 2 (2 - 3). Overall, only 43 (11.0%) of the participants had good knowledge of risk factors for hypertension. However, none of the sociodemographic factors were associated with a good level of knowledge of risk factors for hypertension. Conclusion: Our findings highlight poor knowledge of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors for hypertension among university students in northwestern Tanzania. Only stress and older age were known by more than half of the students as risk factors for hypertension. To reduce the burden of hypertension, it is crucial for prevention and control programs to target improving university students’ knowledge of risk factors for hypertension.

关键词： Knowledge Risk Factors Hypertension University Students Tanzania

Factors Affecting Cotrimoxazole Prophylactic Therapy Compliance in HIV Patients Attending a Care and Treatment Clinic at Bugando Medical Centre in Mwanza, Tanzania

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Reducing neonatal mortality and respiratory distress syndrome associated with preterm birth:a scoping review on the impact of antenatal corticosteroids in low-and middle-income countries

Advances in Infectious Diseases（传染病进展） 2024年第2期 456页

作者： Stanley mwita Felix Tarimo Rahma Mbalamla

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2021年第2期17卷 131-140页

作者： Stanley mwita Mary Jande Deogratias Katabalo Benjamin Kamala Deborah Dewey School of Pharmacy Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences.Bugando AreaPO Box 1464MwanzaTanzania

Background The most common cause of death among preterm infants in low-and middle-income countries is respiratory distress *** purpose of this review was to assess whether antenatal corticosteroids given to women at risk of preterm birth at≤34 weeks of gestation reduce rates of neonatal mortality and respiratory distress syndrome in low-and middle-income *** Two reviewers independently searched four databases including MEDLINE(through PubMed),CINAHL,Embase,and Cochrane *** did not apply any language or date *** publications up to April 2020 were included in this *** The search yielded 71 articles,10 of which were included in this review(3 randomized controlled trials,7 observa-tional studies,36,773 neonates).The majority of studies reported associations between exposure to antenatal corticosteroids and lower rates of neonatal mortality and respiratory distress ***,a few studies reported that antenatal corticosteroids were not associated with improved preterm birth *** Most of the studies in low-and middle-income countries showed that use of antenatal corticosteroids in hospitals with high levels of neonatal care was associated with lower rates of neonatal mortality and respiratory distress ***,the findings are inconclusive because some studies in low-resource settings reported that antenatal corticosteroids had no benefit in reducing rates of neonatal mortality or respiratory distress *** research on the impact of antenatal corticosteroids in resource-limited settings in low-income countries is a priority.

关键词： Antenatal corticosteroids Low-and middle-income countries Neonatal mortality Respiratory distress syndrome

Research on Literacy and Use of ICT in Teaching and Learning——A Case Study of Public Secondary Schools in Migori County-Kenya

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Research on Literacy and Use of ICT in Teaching and Learning...

作者： mwita ROBI FLORA 浙江师范大学

学位级别：硕士

The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of Information Communication Technology（ICT）in teaching and Learning and teachers’ ICT literacy in public secondary schools in *** focus was on three main subject matters: ICT use in teaching and learning,ICT competence on teachers and students and on ICT infrastructure in public secondary *** study is closely connected to the national educational policy,which has aimed strongly at supporting the implementation of ICT in pedagogical practices at all institutional *** research questions were formulated from the objectives to guide the researcher to carry out this study.A descriptive survey design was used to collect data from the field through the use of questionnaire and an observation *** result indicated that ICT has not been successfully integrated in teaching and learning in *** general,students are capable and motivated users of *** students have the skills to use new kinds of applications and their ICT skills are wider although not necessarily ***’ skills are more *** large majority of teachers have sufficient skills for everyday and routine working practices,but many of them still have difficulties in finding a meaningful integration of ICT into teaching and *** teachers reported that the use of ICT in learning and teaching was slow in the past years and proposed upgrading of student’s computer labs and accelerating internet connectivity in the ***,teachers’ good ICT competence helps them to adopt new pedagogical practices and integrate ICT in a meaningful *** results also showed that students are capable and motivated users of new technology and their ICT skills are wide,although not necessarily adequate;the working habit might be ineffective and *** students have a special kind of ICT related adaptive expertise,which develops in a beneficial interaction between students and teachers,and individua

关键词： ICT literacy ICT skills teachers and students public secondary schools Kenya