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Mineral Fertilizer Use for Optimal Groundnut Produc.ion in the Sudano-Guinean and Sudanian Zones of Benin

Open Journal of Soil Sc.enc. 2021年第2期11卷 72-92页

作者： Faki O. c.abi Gustave D. Dagbenonbakin emile c. agbangba Issa Mouftaou Augustin O. Bankolé Bric. T. Oussou Léonard E. Ahoton Guillaume L. Amadji Aliou Saïdou Integrated Soil and c.op Management Researc. Unit Laboratory of Soil Sciences Crop Sciences School Faculty of Agronomic Sciences University of Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Benin Institut National des Rec.erc.es Agric.les du Benin Cotonou Benin Laboratory of Researc. in Applied Biology Department of Environmental Engineering Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi University of Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Benin Laboratoire des Sc.enc.s du Sol Eau et Environnement (LSSEE) Centre de Recherche d’Agonkanmey Institut National des Recherches Agricoles du Benin (INRAB) Cotonou Benin Laboratory of Soil Sc.enc. Faculty of Agronomic Sciences University of Abomey-Calavi Abomey-Calavi Benin

Abstrac. This study aims to determine the optimal N, P, K, Mg and Zn rates for groundnut produc.ion on Ferric.and Plintic.Luvisol in the Sudano-Guinean and Sudanian zones of Benin Republic. Two years (2018 and 2019) experiment was c.rried out in the munic.pality of Ouessè in the Sudano-Guinean zone and Bembèrèkè in the Sudanian zone. The tested nutrient doses were N (0, 20 and 40 kg⋅ha−1), P (0, 25 and 50 kg⋅ha−1), K (0, 20 and 40 kg⋅ha−1), Mg (0, 15 and 30 kg⋅ha−1) and Zn (0, 4 and 8 kg⋅ha−1). The Box and Behnken rotating design is used to define the N, P, K, Mg and Zn rate c.mbinations leading to 46 c.mbinations. A c.mpletely randomized bloc.design was setting up c.nsidering farmers as replic.tion. In total, four farmers’ fields were selec.ed. A one-way analysis of varianc. is c.rried out on yield data, using the linear mixed-effec. model. Response surfac. analyses were used to determine the optimal doses for eac. N, P, K, Mg and Zn. Nodule produc.ion (6.5 times higher than the c.ntrol), number of gynophores (2.8 times higher than the c.ntrol) and root length (19.2 ± 0.2 c.) of groundnut plants were signific.ntly (p = 0.0001) improved with nutrient applic.tion. The response surfac. analysis shows that treatments N-P-K-Mg-Zn of 16.01-20.18-6.70-5.65-2.47 (in the Sudano-Guinean zone) and 13.1-25.07-11.47-0-1.82 (in the Sudanian zone) are the optimal rates that have induc.d optimal yield of 2.1 t⋅ha

关键词： Soil Fertility Response Surfac. Box and Behnken Design Modeling Mic.onutrient

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Ec.logic.l Struc.ure and Predic.ion Equations for Estimating Tree Age, and Dendometric.Parameters of Ac.c.a senegalin the Senegalese Semi-Arid Zone—Ferlo

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Americ.n Journal of Plant Sc.enc.s 2013年第5期4卷 1046-1053页

作者： Aly Diallo emile c.djo agbangba Ousmane Ndiaye Aliou Guisse Département de Biologie Végétale Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Université Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar-Fann Sénégal

The development of equations to predic. tree height, c.own diameter, c.own depth from stem diameter of a tree spec.es enables arborists, researc.ers, and urban forest managers to model c.sts and benefits, analyze alternative management sc.narios, and determine the best management prac.ic.s for sustainable forests. The objec.ive of this study was to develop regression predic.ion models for tree age, tree height, c.own diameter, c.own ratio and c.own depth for A. senegal growing in Ferlo, in the northern Senegal. Four plantations of different years old (ISRA, 10 years old plantations, Ndodj, 8 years old plantations, Boulal, 5 years old plantations and Déali, 4 years old plantations) were selec.ed. The following dendometric.variables: c.own height, c.own diameter, stem diameter at the breast height, stem basal diameter (at 0.30 m) and the height from the tree base to first branc. were measured on a total of 489 trees. The results suggested that the ec.logic.l struc.ure of the different year old A. Senegal plantation revealed a bell-shaped form with left dissymmetric.distribution indic.ting a predominanc. of individuals with small diameter at breast height. Allometry study of A. Senegal showed highly signific.nt positive c.rrelations (p = 0.00) between stem diameter at breast height, stem basal diameter, tree height, c.own diameter and c.own depth. Positive c.rrelations were also found between c.own diameter, tree height and c.own height. Predic.ion models derived from these relationships c.n be used to estimate the tree height, stem diameter at breast height and c.own depth from c.own diameter with greater prec.sion. As for A. Senegal age estimation, the established model is not strong as it c.n explain only 49.1% of the age variation.

关键词： Ec.logic.l Struc.ure Stem Diameter at Breast Stem Basal Diameter c.own Diameter c.own Depth Tree Height Age c.rrelation Regression Ac.c.a senegal Northern Senegal

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Inorganic.Fertilizer Adoption, Use Intensity and Rainfed Ric. Yield in Benin

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Open Journal of Soil Sc.enc. 2020年第1期10卷 1-15页

作者： Firmin N. Anago Dagbenonbakin G. Dieudonné agbangba c. emile Oussou c. T. Bric. Amadji L. Guillaume Laboratory of Soil Sc.enc.s School of Plant Production Faculty of Agricultural Sciences University of Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Benin Laboratory of Soil Sc.enc. Water and Environment Research Agricultural Center of Agonkanmey National Institute of Agronomic Research of Benin Cotonou Benin Laboratory of Applied Biology Researc. and Study Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi Department of Environment Genius University of Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Benin

Inorganic.fertilizers are alternative ways of providing the nec.ssary nutrients to ric. c.op and inc.ease its produc.ivity. In order to identify the fac.ors determining inorganic.fertilizer tec.nology adoption and rainfed ric. yield, a survey was c.rried out among 763 farmers in 11 munic.palities in four agric.lture development c.nters (ADc. of Benin. c.mposite soil samples were c.llec.ed from 227 farmer fields and analyzed at the laboratory. Rainfed ric. yields were determined in these different fields. Data c.llec.ed was analyzed with R version 3.5.1 software. Results show that inorganic.fertilizer tec.nology adoption depends signific.ntly on age, educ.tional status, household size, c.ntribution of ric. to household inc.me and organic.fertilizer use (0.004 kg⋅ha−1?with a mean of 74.68 kg⋅ha−1. The quantities of inorganic.fertilizer applied differ more importantly from one farmer to another and range from 4.58% to 90.5% with a mean of 27.15% of the level rec.mmended by researc.. However, nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, organic.c.rbon, pH water, and exc.anging c.pac.ty c.tion determine the rainfed ric. yield. The polic.es that aim at promoting inorganic.fertilizer among rainfed ric. farmers must take into ac.ount these fac.ors.

关键词： Endogenous c.opping Systems Double Hurdle Model Regression Tree Inorganic Fertilizer

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Residual Effec.s of Suc.ose and Hormonal Treatments of the Tuberization Medium on in VitroGermination of Potato (Solanum tuberosumL.) Mic.otubers

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Americ.n Journal of Plant Sc.enc.s 2013年第9期4卷 1872-1878页

作者： Abraham Diémé Mame Abdou Nahr Sambe emile c.djo agbangba Mame Ourèye Sy Laboratoire c.mpus de Biotec.nologies Végétales Département de Biologie Végétale Faculté des Sciences & Techniques Université Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Sénégal Laboratoire c.mpus de Biotec.nologies Végétales Département de Biologie Végétale Faculté des Sciences & Techniques Université Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Sénégal Laboratoire d’Ec.logie Végétale et d’Ec.hydrologie Département de Biologie Végétale Faculté des Sciences & Techniques Université Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Sénégal.

The residual effec.s of suc.ose c.nc.ntrations (80 or 100 g·L-1) and hormonal treatments (BAP + Kinetin or c.umarin) of tuberization medium on in vitro mic.otubers germination of three potato varieties (Solanum tuberosum L.) so c.lled Aida, Atlas and Odessa, are desc.ibed. After 3 weeks of inc.bation at 28℃ ± 1℃, 70% of Aida mic.otubers variety, previously formed in the MT2 medium [MS/2 + 80 g·L-1 Suc.ose], germinated. The best germination rate for varieties Atlas (100%) and Odessa (66.66%) was obtained on mic.otubers previously formed in the medium MT2 [MS/2 + 100 g·L-1 Suc.ose]. The addition of hormones in the tuberization medium allowed optimizing the mic.otubers germination of the Aida variety unlike the other varieties. Indeed, for the Aida variety, the c.mbination M5 [Kin 2.5 mg·L-1 + c.um 0.025 mg·L-1 + Suc.ose 80 g·L-1] inc.eased the germination rate from 70% up to 93.33%. The best germination rate (90%), notic.d with mic.otubers of Atlas variety, initially formed in M2 medium [Kin 1 mg·L-1 + BAP 1 mg·L-1 + Suc.ose 100 g·L-1], was lower than that one (100%) obtained on medium without hormones. For Odessa variety, the maximum germination rate (53.33%) of mic.otubers, from the medium M4 [Kin 2.5 mg·L-1 + BAP 1 mg·L-1 + Suc.ose 100 g·L-1], was also lower than that one (66.66%) observed in the medium without hormones. Aida and Atlas varieties thus offer a better germination rate than Odessa after their c.ld storage.

关键词： Solanum tuberosum Mic.oc.ttings Mic.otubers In Vitro Germination Suc.ose c.tokinins c.umarin

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Quantific.tion of Ec.system Servic.s Provided by Pteroc.rpus luc.nsLepr. Ex Guill. and Perrott.: Forage Produc.ion, Timber and c.rbon Sequestration in the Biosphere Reserve of Ferlo (Northern Senegal)

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Americ.n Journal of Plant Sc.enc.s 2014年第5期5卷 766-777页

作者： Daouda Ngom emile c.djo agbangba Thioro Fall Sekouna Diatta Léonard E. Akpo Department of Agroforestery Unité de Formation et de Recherche de Sciences et Technologie (UFR ST) University Assane Seck of Ziguinchor Ziguinchor Senegal Department of Agroforestery Unité de Formation et de Recherche de Sciences et Technologie (UFR ST) University Assane Seck of Ziguinchor Ziguinchor Senegal Department of Plant Biology Faculty of Science and Technology University Cheikh Anta Diop of Dakar Dakar Senegal Department of Plant Biology Faculty of Science and Technology University Cheikh Anta Diop of Dakar Dakar Senegal

This study aims at quantifying the most important ec.system servic.s: forage produc.ion, timber produc.ion and c.rbon sequestration provided by Pteroc.rpus luc.ns to loc.l c.mmunities of Ferlo Biosphere Reserve. The results suggested that the ec.logic.l struc.ure of Pteroc.rpus luc.ns revealed a bell-shaped form with left dissymmetric.distribution indic.ting a predominanc. of individuals with small c.rc.mferenc. and height. A regression using the software Minitab 16, with c.rc.mferenc. and the height as explanatory variables, has allowed a development of predic.ive models for the estimation of the produc.d forage and the quantific.tion of the timber supplied by one of the most used plant spec.es in Sahelian pastures. Forage produc.ion of Pteroc.rpus luc.ns was estimated at 178 kg DM/ha. This large value of forage showed the predominanc. of this spec.es in animal feed in the Sahel. The quantity of wood produc.d was 545 kg DM/ha while the quantity of above ground sequestered c.rbon was 325.35 kg of c.ha. Those estimations are interesting in the implementation c.ntext of the Ferlo Biosphere Reserve whic. aims at matc.ing the produc.ive c.pac.ty of ec.systems with the needs of loc.l c.mmunities.

关键词： Ec.system Servic.s Regression Forage Timber Produc.ion c.rbon Sequestration

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Effec.s of protein and mineral supplementation on the performanc. of lac.ating dairy c.ws gobra and c.ossbreed guzerat during the dry season in senegal

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Open Journal of Animal Sc.enc.s 2014年第1期4卷 18-22页

作者： Fat c.eikh Ndione emile c.djo agbangba Ousmane Ndiaye Idrissa Sane Abdou Diouf Amadou Tamsir Diop c.ntre de Rec.erc.es Zootec.niques de Dahra Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles Dahra Sénégal Département de Biologie Végétale Université Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Sénégal Laboratoire national D’élevage et de Rec.erc.e Vétérinaire (LNERV) Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles Dakar Sénégal

The purpose of this study c.rried out in the township of Dahra was to ac.ess the effec. of dry season protein and mineral supplementation of Gobra and c.ossbreed Guzerat c.ws on milk produc.ion. The experimental design is a c.mpletely randomized bloc.. The treatments were: supplement of molasse-urea bloc.s with supplement of hay;supplement of molasse-urea bloc.s without any hay;no supplement of molasse-urea bloc.s and supplement of hay;no supplement of molasse-urea bloc. without any hay. For eac. breed, the treatments were replic.ted three times on a lot of c.ws with the similar zootec.nic.parameters. A total of twelve lac.ating c.ws per breed were then used. The supplement of bloc. + hay has signific.ntly (p c.w and 2.4 ± 0.8 L/day/c.w respec.ively in Gobra and c.ossbreed Gobra*Guzerat. The inc.eases in produc.ion c.mpared to the c.ntrol treatment (without supplement) are 52.63% and 100% respec.ively in the breed Gobra and Gobra*Guzerat. The supplement of hay c.mes in the sec.nd plac. and c.ntributes to an additional produc.ion of 66.66% in both breeds of c.w. Then, the supplement of bloc. follows and it allows inc.easing the produc.ion of 44.44% and 50% respec.ively in Gobra and c.ossbreed. In both rac.s, the supplement of bloc. + hay has allowed obtaining the highest profits of $1.6/L/day/c.w for Gobra and $ 2.8/L/day/c.w for the c.ossbreed, that equals to an inc.ease by $ 0.3 and $ 0.9 c.mpared to the c.ntrol treatment. The supplement of hay and the bloc. supplement have respec.ively given a profit of 0.4 and $ 0.3/L/day/c.w in Gobra and 0.6 and $ 0.4/L/day/c.w in the c.ossbreed. The adoption of supplementation molasse-urea bloc. + hay by produc.rs appears an alternative to boost milk produc.ion in dry season.

关键词： Milk Yield Supplements Gobra Guzerat Dry Season

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Mineral Fertilization Influenc.s the Ac.eptability of Fresh Pulp and Juic. Made from Sugarloaf Pineapple

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Agric.ltural Sc.enc.s 2020年第3期11卷 342-353页

作者： Sabai Kate Elvire Line Sossa c.djo emile agbangba Rodrigue Idohou Edmond Sac.a Aide Gbènoukpo Pierre Tovihoudji Bric. Sinsin Institut National des Rec.erc.es Agric.les du Benin CotonouBenin Laboratoire des Sc.enc.s du Sol Département de Production VégétaleUniversitéd’Abomey-CalaviCotonouBenin Laboratoire de Biomathématiques et d’Estimations Forestières Universitéd’Abomey-CalaviCotonouBénin Laboratoire de Rec.erc.e en Biologie Appliquée Ecole Polytechnique d’Abomey-CalaviUniversitéd’Abomey-CalaviCotonou Benin Ec.le de Gestion et de Produc.ion Végétale et Semenc.ère Université Nationale d’AgricultureKetouBenin Laboratory of Hydraulic. and Environmental Modeling(HydroModE-Lab) Facultéd’AgronomieUniversitéde ParakouParakouBenin Laboratoire d’Ec.logie Appliquée Universitéd’Abomey-CalaviCotonouBénin

Fertilization prac.ic.s c.n influenc. the quality of pineapple fruit and c.nsequently its ac.eptability by c.nsumers who are inc.easingly oriented towards high quality agri-food produc.s. This study aimed at evaluating the influenc. of N, P and K on some physic.-c.emic.l and organoleptic.c.arac.eristic. of pineapple (Ananas c.mosus L. Merr) for fresh c.nsumption and juic. proc.ssing. A c.mplete NPK fac.orial design was installed in the south Benin. The treatments NPK in g plant-1 were randomized into four bloc.s: T1;T2;T3;T4;T5;T6;T7;T8;T9. Brix juic. was determined using a refrac.ometer and pH with a pH meter. An evaluation of sensory c.arac.eristic. suc. as sweetness, ac.d taste and aroma of fresh pineapple pulp and proc.ssed juic. was made by a panel of tasters selec.ed and trained. A princ.pal c.mponents analysis, followed by a numeric.l c.assific.tion was performed on fruits’ sensory and physic.c.emic.l c.arac.eristic.. Results showed that juic. pH was signific.ntly influenc.d by the phosphorus and potassium. Potassium influenc.d signific.ntly juic. yield. Some physic.-c.emic.l c.arac.eristic. and sensory attributes were c.rrelated between them and groups of treatments are formed for both the juic. and the fresh fruit.

关键词： Ananas c.mosus Fertilizer Fruit Intensific.tion Juic. Sensory

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Short-term outc.mes of single-inc.sion c.mpared to multi-port laparosc.pic.gastrec.omy for gastric.c.nc.r:A meta-analysis of randomized c.ntrolled trials

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Laparosc.pic. Endosc.pic.and Robotic.Surgery 2023年第4期6卷 127-133页

作者： Sameh Hany emile Samer Hani Barsom General Surgery Department Mansoura University HospitalsMansoura Egypt Internal Medic.ne Department University of South DakotaSanford School of MedicineSouth DakotaUSA

Objec.ive:Single-inc.sion laparosc.pic.sugery has emerged as a safe and less invasive approac. to c.nventional multi-port *** present meta-analysis aimed to assess the c.llec.ive outc.mes of single-inc.sion laparosc.pic.gastrec.omy(SILG)c.mpared to multi-port laparosc.pic.gastrec.omy(MLG)for gastric.***:A PRISMA-c.mpliant systematic.review of randomized c.ntrolled trials(Rc.s)that c.mpared SILG and MLG for gastric.c.nc.r in PubMed and Sc.pus through January 2023 was *** main outc.mes of the review were c.mplic.tions,postoperative pain,c.nversion to open surgery,hospital stay,and ***:Three Rc.s inc.uding 301 patients(61.8%male)were inc.ded.A total of 151 patients underwent SILG,and 150 underwent *** was assoc.ated with a shorter operative time(WMD=-16.39,95%c.:=27.38 to=5.40,p=0.003;2=0%)and lower pain sc.res at postoperative day 3(WMD=-1.18,95%c.:=2.27 to=0.091,p=0.033;I^(2)=99%)than *** were no statistic.lly signific.nt differenc.s between the two groups in es timated blood loss(WMD=-16.95,95%c.:-35.84 to 1.95,p=0.078;I^(2)=82%),c.mplic.tions(OR=0.71,95%c.:0.36 to 1.42,p=0.337;I^(2)=0%),c.nversion to open surgery(OR=0.33,95%c.0.01 to 8.38,p=0.504),hospital stay(WMD=0.72,95%c.:-0.92 to 2.36,p=0.056;P=84%),time to first flatus(WMD=0.06,95%c.:=0.14 to 0.26,p=0.566;I^(2)=0%),time to first defec.tion(WMD=-0.14,95%c.:=0.46 to 0.18,p=0.392;I^(2)=0%),or time to first oral intake(WMD=0.37,95%a:=0.75 to 1.49,p=0.520;I^(2)=94%).c.nc.usions:SILG is assoc.ated with shorter operative times and less early postoperative pain than *** odds of c.mplic.tions,blood loss,hospital stay,and gastrointestinal rec.very were similar between the two proc.dures.

关键词： Single-inc.sion Laparosc.pic Gastrec.omy Meta-analysis Randomized trials

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Inoc.lation with arbusc.lar myc.rrhizal fungi improves seedlings growth of two sahelian date palm c.ltivars (Phoenix dac.yliferaL., c.. Nakhla hamra and c.. Tijib) under salinity stresses

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Advanc.s in Biosc.enc. and Biotec.nology 2014年第1期5卷 64-72页

作者： Ibrahima Léopold Djitiningo Diatta Aboubac.y Kane c.djo emile agbangba Mauric. Sagna Diegane Diouf Frédérique Aberlenc.Bertossi Yves Duval Alain Borgel Djibril Sane IRD Institut de Rec.erc.e pour le Développement Montpellier France Laboratoire c.mpus de Biotec.nologies Végétales Département de Biologie Végétale Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Un-iversité Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Sénégal Laboratoire c.mpus de Biotec.nologies Végétales Département de Biologie Végétale Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Un-iversité Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Sénégal Laboratoire c.mmun de Mic.obiologie IRD/ISRA/Uc.D Route des Hydrocarbures Dakar Sénégal Laboratoire d’Ec.logie et d’Ec.hydrologie Département de Bi-ologie Végétale Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Université Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Sénégal

This study presents an analysis of the impac. of myc.rrhizal inoc.lation on growth under salt stress of date palms c.ltivars Nakhla hamra (NHH) and Tijib known in the Sahel for their earliness in flowering and fruiting. The seedlings were grown in a greenhouse on a sandy substrate watered to field c.pac.ty every two days and were subjec.ed to inc.easing levels of Nac. (0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 16 g·L-1) and then inoc.lated with 5 strains of Glomus (G. aggregatum, G. intraradic.s, G. verric.losum, G. mosseae, G. fasc.c.latum). The experimental design was a randomized c.mplete bloc. with three fac.ors (c.ltivars: Tijib and Nakhla Hamra x seven levels of Nac. c.nc.ntrations x six levels of inoc.lum). The results showed that in the absenc. of Nac., G. verric.losum signific.ntly enhanc.d shoot growth: 33.5 c. against 30.3 c. in the c.ntrol and roots growth: 81.5 c. against 78 c. in NHH, while in Tijib, the growth is stimulated by Glomus fasc.c.latum: 33.8 c. against 32.7 c. for stems and 90 c. against 86 c. for the roots of inoc.lated plants and c.ntrols. In c.ntrast, in the presenc. of Nac. 8 g·L-1, NHH has a better growth in the presenc. of G. intraradic.s: 37.3 c. against 30.6 c. for stems and 77 c. against 73 for roots, while Tijib grows better in the presenc. of G. fasc.c.latum with respec.ively 31.9 c. against 31.7 c. and 51.27 c. against 51.6 c. for stems and roots of inoc.lated plants and c.ntrols. Bioc.emic.l analysis revealed that c.anges in levels of proline depend on the c.ltivar, the myc.rrhizal strain used and c.nc.ntrations of Nac. applied. These results open the prospec. of using myc.rrhizal fungi to improve the produc.ivity of palm trees in the Sahel.

关键词： Sahel Date Palm Salinity Inoc.lation Myc.rrhizae Glomus Proline

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Predominanc. of non-adiabatic.effec.s in zero-point renormalization of the elec.ronic.band gap

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npj c.mputational Materials 2020年第1期6卷 297-304页

作者： Anna Miglio Véronique Brousseau-c.uture emile Godbout Gabriel Antonius Yang-Hao c.an Steven G.Louie Mic.el c.té Matteo Giantomassi Xavier Gonze Institute of c.ndensed Matter and Nanosc.enc.s UCLouvainB-1348 Louvain-la-NeuveBelgium Département de Physique et Regroupement Québéc.is sur les Matériaux de Pointe Universitéde MontrealC.P.6128Succursale Centre-VilleMontréal H3C 3J7Canada Department of Physic. University of California at BerkeleyBerkeleyCA 94720USA Materials Sc.enc.s Division Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA 94720USA Département de c.imie Biochimie et PhysiqueInstitut de recherche sur l’hydrogèneUniversitédu QuébecàTrois-RivièresTrois-Rivières G8Z 4M3Canada Skolkovo Institute of Sc.enc. and Tec.nology Skolkovo Innovation CenterNobel St.3Moscow 143026Russia

Elec.ronic.and optic.l properties of materials are affec.ed by atomic.motion through the elec.ron–phonon interac.ion:not only band gaps c.ange with temperature,but even at absolute zero temperature,zero-point motion c.uses band-gap *** present a large-sc.le first-princ.ples evaluation of the zero-point renormalization of band edges beyond the adiabatic.*** materials with light elements,the band gap renormalization is often larger than 0.3 eV,and up to 0.7 *** effec. c.nnot be ignored if ac.urate band gaps are *** infrared-ac.ive materials,global agreement with available experimental data is obtained only when non-adiabatic.effec.s are taken into *** even dominate zero-point renormalization for many materials,as shown by a generalized Fröhlic. model that inc.udes multiple phonon branc.es,anisotropic.and degenerate elec.ronic.extrema,whose range of validity is established by c.mparison with first-princ.ples results.

关键词： adiabatic renormalization phonon

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