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Getting over our Immune-Complex - C5a receptor blockade is the answer

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2017年第3期14卷 319-320页

作者： ]oshua M. thurman Department of Medicine University of ColoradoSchool of Med c ne Denver CO USA

Several autoimmune and infec- tious diseases are associated with immune-complex glomerulonephritis （ICGN）. Simplistically, ICGN can be thought of as having three components：（i） an initiating adaptive immune res- ponse to an endogenous or exogenous antigen, （ii） the deposition or formation of immune-complexes within glomeruli, and （iii） inflammatory injury of the glomeruli （Figure 1）. When the antigen is exogenous - such as in Hepatitis C-associated glomerulonephritis - the ideal approach is to eliminate the anti- gen. In cases where the antigen cannot be eliminated, however,

关键词：钙调蛋白结合蛋白质类丙型肝炎磷蛋白磷酸酶类肾小球肾炎血气分析胰岛素铍

Amplitude-mode spectroscopy of chemically injected and photogenerated charge carriers in semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes

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Nano Research 2023年第4期16卷 5619-5625页

作者： Shai R。Vardeny Alan Phillips Kira A。thurman ZValy Vardeny Jeffrey L.Blackburn Division of Electrical Electronicand Infocommunications EngineeringOsaka University2-1 Yamada-okaSuitaOsaka 565-0871Japan Materials Chemistryand Computation Science DirectorateNational Renewable Energy LaboratoryGoldenCO 80401USA Department of Physics Colorado School of MinesGoldenCO 80401USA Department of Physics&Astronomy University of UtahSalt Lake CityUT 84112USA

In one-dimensional semiconductors such as conjugated polymers and semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes(s-SWCNTs),injected charge carriers(electrons or holes)can have profound impacts on both electronic conductivity and optical spectra,even at low carrier *** charge-related spectral features is a key fundamental challenge with important technological ***,we employ a systematic suite of experimental and theoretical tools to understand the mid-infrared charge signatures of heavily p-type doped polymer-wrapped *** a broad range of nanotube diameters,we find that hole charge carriers induce strong Fano anti-resonances in mid-infrared transmission spectra that correspond to defect-related(D-band)and in-plane tangential(G-band)Raman-active vibrational modes,along with antiresonances arising from infrared(IR)-active polymer and SWCNT *** employ^(13)C isotope-labeled s-SWCNTs and a removable wrapping polymer to clarify the relative intensities,energies,and sources of all observed *** performed with the“amplitude mode model”are used to quantitatively reproduce Raman spectra and also help to explain the outsized intensity of the D-band anti-resonance,relative to the G-band,observed for both moderately and degenerately doped *** results provide a framework for future studies of ground-and excited-state charge carriers in s-SWCNTs and a variety of low-dimensional materials.

关键词： carbon nanotubes doping charge carriers phonons electron-phonon coupling

Essentials of oceanography. 9th ed. /

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Heme oxygenase-1 overexpression increases liver injury after bile duct ligation in rats

2008年

作者： Trujillo, Alan P.thurman, Harold V.

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第25期13卷 3478-3486页

作者： Matthias Froh Lars Conzelmann Peter Walbrun Susanne Netter Reiner Wiest Michael D Wheeler Mark Lehnert Takehiko Uesugi Jurgen Scholmerich Ronald G thurman Department of Internal Medicine University of Regensburg Germany Department of Urology University of Mainz Germany Department of Pharmacology University of North Carolina United States

AIM： To investigate the effects of heme oxygenase-1 （HO-1） against oxidant-induced injury caused by bile duct ligation （BDL）.METHODS： Either cobalt protoporphyrin （CoPP）, a HO-1 inducer, or saline were injected intraperitoneally in male SD-rats. Three days later, BDL or sham-operations were performed. Rats were sacrificed 3 wk after BDL and livers were harvested for histology. Fibrosis was evaluated by sirius red staining and image analysis. Alpha-smooth muscular actin, which indicates activation of stellate cells, was detected by immunohistochemical staining, and q/tokine and collagen- Iα （Col- I α） mRNA expression was detected using RNase protection assays.RESULTS： Serum alanine transaminase increased 8-fold above normal levels one day after BDL. Surprisingly, enzyme release was not reduced in rats receiving CoPP. Liver fibrosis was evaluated 3 wk after BDL and the sirius red-positive area was found to be increased to about 7.8%. However, in CoPP pretreated rats sirius redpositive areas were increased to about 11.7% after BDL. Collagen-1 α and TGF-β mRNA increased significantly by BDL. Again, this effect was increased by HO-1 overexpression.CONCLUSION： Hepatic fibrosis due to BDL is not reduced by the HO-1 inducer CoPP. In contrast, HO-1 overexpression increases liver injury in rats under conditions of experimental chronic cholestasis.

关键词： Heme oxygenase-1 Bile duct ligation Chronic cholestasis Liver fibrosis Serum alaninetransaminase Transforming growth factor-13 Tumornecrosis factor- I ~ Type I collagen

Association of types of diabetes and insulin dependency on birth outcomes

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2022年第7期10卷 2147-2158页

作者： Pamela K Xaverius Steven W Howard Deborah Kiel Jerry E thurman Ethan Wankum Catherine Carter Clairy Fang Romi Carriere Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Saint Louis UniversitySt.LouisMO 63104United States Department of Health Management and Policy Saint Louis UniversitySt.LouisMO 63104United States Department of Endocrinology Diabetes and MetabolismSSM HealthSt.CharlesMO 63303United States Division of Epidemiology Institute for Health and EquityMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI 53226United States Department of Epidemiology Fielding School of Public HealthUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095United States Population Health Sciences Institute Centre for Ageing and VitalityNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneEngland NE45PLUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND Diabetes rates among pregnant women in the United States have been increasing and are associated with adverse pregnancy *** To investigate differences in birth outcomes(preterm birth,macrosomia,and neonatal death)by diabetes *** Cross-sectional design,using linked Missouri birth and death certificates(singleton births only),2010 to 2012(n=204057).Exposure was diabetes non-diabetic,pre-pregnancy diabetes-insulin dependent(PD-I),pre-pregnancy diabetes-non-insulin dependent(PD-NI),gestational diabetes-insulin dependent(GD-I),and gestational diabetes-non-insulin dependent(GD-NI).Outcomes included preterm birth,macrosomia,and infant *** included demographic characteristics,adequacy of prenatal care,body mass index,smoking,hypertension,and previous preterm *** and multivariate logistic regression assessed differences in outcomes by diabetes *** Women with PD-I,PD-NI,and GD-I remained at a significantly increased odds for preterm birth(aOR 2.87,aOR 1.77,and aOR 1.73,respectively)and having a very large baby[macrosomia](aOR 3.01,aOR 2.12,and aOR 1.96,respectively);in reference to non-diabetic *** with GDNI were at a significantly increased risk for macrosomia(aOR1.53),decreased risk for their baby to die before their first birthday(aOR 0.41)and no difference in risk for preterm birth in reference to non-diabetic *** Diabetes is associated with the poor birth *** management of diabetes during pregnancy and healthy lifestyle behaviors before pregnancy can reduce the risk for diabetes and poor birth outcomes.

关键词： Epidemiology Pregnancy Health care delivery Birth outcomes Gestational diabetes Insulin

The paths to becoming a toxicologic pathologist in the West

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The paths to becoming a toxicologic pathologist in the West

油酸盐对苯并[A]芘酚葡萄糖醛酸化抑制的作用机理

2013年（第三届）中国药物毒理学年会暨药物非临床安全性评价研究论坛

作者： Dale thurman Global Safety Assessment AstraZeneca R&D Boston

This presentation will cover the most travelled path to becoming a toxicologic pathologist in North America. We will start the journey at the undergraduate level and proceed through graduate studies,board certification and then employment. Additionally,we will also touch on non-traditional paths in the *** of the options available in Europe for a career in toxicologic pathology will be ***,the speaker will explore the topic of global credentialing for toxicologic pathologists.

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中国药理学与毒理学杂志 1992年第2期6卷 81-87页

作者：钟沚周炯亮 Ronald G thurman Department of Pharmacology University of North Carolina at Chapell Hill North Carolina 27599 USA 中山医科大学卫生学院

利用肝脏灌流模型及肝脏微粒体对油酸影响羟基苯并[a]芘葡萄糖醛酸化的机理进行了研究,结果表明,低剂量的油酰辅酶A可非竞争性地抑制大鼠肝微粒体UDP-葡萄醛酰转移酶的活性,使3-羟基苯并芘葡萄糖醛酰化作用受抑制,牛血清白蛋白与Triton ... 详细信息

利用肝脏灌流模型及肝脏微粒体对油酸影响羟基苯并[a]芘葡萄糖醛酸化的机理进行了研究,结果表明,低剂量的油酰辅酶A可非竞争性地抑制大鼠肝微粒体UDP-葡萄醛酰转移酶的活性,使3-羟基苯并芘葡萄糖醛酰化作用受抑制,牛血清白蛋白与Triton X-100可促进油酰辅酶A对转移酶的抑制作用。 600 μmol·L^(-1)的油酸灌流肝脏,可使肝脏中UDPGA,UDPG及ATP分别下降44％,49％及44％,因此高剂量的油酸亦可通过改变辅因子供应而抑制羟基苯并芘的葡萄糖醛酸化过程。 250μmol·L^(-1)的油酸灌流缺乏β-葡萄糖醛酸酶的C_3H/He小鼠肝脏,可使流出液中游离羟基苯并芘增加136％,而与葡萄糖醛酸结合的羟基苯并芘减少了32％,同时肝脏中与葡萄糖醛酸结合的羟基苯并芘减少64％,以油酸灌流具有高β-葡萄糖醛酸酶的DBA/2小鼠肝脏可见同样改变,在肝脏微粒体的实验中亦未见油酰辅酶A对苯并芘-0-葡萄糖醛酸的水解作用有何影响,据此,油酸对羟基苯并芘葡萄醛酸化状态的影响与β-葡萄糖醛酸酶无关。

关键词：油酸苯并[A]芘葡萄糖醛酸化

Dietary glycine blunts liver injury after bile duct ligation in rats

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第39期14卷 5996-6003页

作者： Matthias Froh Zhi Zhong Peter Walbrun Mark Lehnert Susanne Netter Reiner Wiest Lars Conzelmann Erwin Gabele Claus Hellerbrand Jurgen Scholmerich Ronald G thurman Departmem of Internal Medicine I University of Regensburg Regensburg 93042 Germany Department of Pharmacology University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina 27599 United States Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of South Carolina Charleston South Carolina 29425 United States Department of Surgery University of Frankfurt Frankfurt am Main 60325 Germany Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery University of Mainz Mainz 55099 Germany

AIM： To investigate the effects of （dietary） glycine against oxidant-induced injury caused by bile duct ligation （BDL）.METHODS： Either a diet containing 5% glycine or a standard diet was fed to male Sprague-Dawley （SD） rats. Three days later, BDL or sham-operation was performed. Rats were sacrificed 1 to 3 d after BDL. The influence of deoxycholic acid （DCA） in the presence or absence of glycine on liver cells was determined by measurement of calcium and chloride influx in cultivated Kupffer cells and lactate dehydrogenase （LDH） activity was determined in the supernatant of cultivated hepatocytes.RESULTS： Serum alanine transaminase levels increased to about 600 U/L 1 d alter BDL. However, enzyme release was blunted by about two third in rats receiving glycine. Release of the alkaline phosphatase and aspartate aminotransferase was also blocked significantly in the group fed glycine. Focal necrosis was observed 2 d after BDL. Glycine partially blocked the histopathological changes. Incubation of Kupffer cells with DCA led to increased intracellular calcium that could be blocked by incubation with glycine. However, systemic blockage of Kupffer cells with gadolinium chloride had no effects on transaminase release. Incubation of isolated hepatocytes with DCA led to a significant release of LDH after 4 h. This release was largely blocked when incubation with glycine was performed.CONCLUSION： These data indicate that glycine significantly decreased liver injury, most likely by a direct effect on hepatocytes. Kupffer cells do not appear to play an important role in the pathological changes caused by cholestasis.

关键词： Glycine Bile duct ligation Cholestasis Kupffer cells Serum alanine transaminase Deoxycholic acid

The paths to becoming a toxicologic pathologist in the West

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The paths to becoming a toxicologic pathologist in the West