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Anti-Epileptic Drug Prescription in a Psychiatric Hospital Outpatient Clinic in Southeast Nigeria

Open Journal of Psychiatry 2017年第4期7卷 294-306页

作者： Justin U. Achor emeka C. Nwefoh Birinus A. Ezeala-Adikaibe Chinwe F. S. Ezeruigbo Aham O. Agomoh Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital Enugu Nigeria CBM International Abuja Nigeria Department of Medicine University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Ituku/Ozalla Nigeria Department of Nursing Sciences Faculty of Health Science Ebonyi State University Abakaliki Nigeria

The optimum control of seizures requires adequate dosing of appropriately selected anti-epileptic medications. The availability of AEDs in Nigeria is limited and this constrains the prescription latitude of clinicians. This study was conducted to describe the prescribing pattern of anti-epileptic drugs in the outpatient service of a psychiatric facility in southeast Nigeria. The case records of the epileptic patients attending the outpatient clinic of a psychiatric hospital were retrieved, reviewed and data abstracted with a prepared proforma. The information extracted include age, sex, marital status, residence, type of seizure and anti-seizure medications prescribed, frequency of administration and dosage among other variables. Of the 178 patients whose prescriptions and case records were assessed, males constituted 62.9% and females 37.1%. Most of the patients were single (78.1%) and the group had a mean age of 25.6 ± 10.9 years. Generalized tonic-clonic seizures predominated (61.2%) among the seizure types, whilst complex partial seizure type was identified in 35.4% of the patients. Patient diagnosis relied heavily on the use of clinical description alone. About 92.7% of the patients were treated with monotherapy, whereas 7.3% received two anti-epileptic drug combinations. Carbamazepine was the most frequently prescribed drug, and was utilized in the treatment of 87.9% of patients receiving monotherapy and 92.3% of individuals receiving two drug combinations. Adjunctive medications like benzodiazepines were rarely utilised to improve the effect of the AEDs. The patients that received polytherapy could only be distinguished from those that received monotherapy by higher frequency of epileptic auras and higher mean dose of AEDs per day. The predominant use of monotherapy is in accordance with the treatment recommendations and needs to be encouraged. The greater use of carbamazepine is probably related to its perceived benefits in the control of behavioural symptom

关键词： Epilepsy Treatment Anti-Epileptic Drug Prescribing Psychiatric Nigeria

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Proximate analyses,in vitro antioxidant activity and GC-MS analyses of fermented Pentaclethra macrophylla seeds

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Life Research 2024年第3期7卷 2-8页

作者： Ikechukwu Okoro Parker Joshua Innocent Okagu Christian Amah Nnamani Ikenna Nene Chiaka-Onyemeze emeka Anaduaka David Obasi Prince Okoroh Daniel Orieke Victor Ogugua Department of Medical Biochemistry College of Health SciencesDavid Umahi Federal University of Health SciencesUburuNigeria Department of Biochemistry University of NigeriaNsukkaNigeria Department of Biochemistry State University of Medical and Applied SciencesIgbo-EnoNigeria Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences State University of Medical and Applied SciencesIgbo-EnoNigeria

The present study assessed the proximate composition,in vitro antioxidant activity and GC-MS analyses of fermented Pentaclethra macrophylla seeds extract(FPMSE).The in vitro antioxidant activity was assessed using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazl(DPPH)while Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrophotometry(GC-MS)technique was used to identify the volatile compounds in *** revealed a dose dependent percentage inhibition of the extract on DPPH *** composition of FPMSE constitutes respectively;ash(0.33±0.12%),protein(2.19±0.08%),fats and oil(80.60±0.00%),carbohydrate(16.88±0.00%)while moisture and fibre were not ***,the pulverised sample constitute respectively;ash(1.27±0.58%),protein(10.51±0.60%),moisture(8.27±0.12%),fats and oil(32.33±0.12%),fibre(7.27±0.12%)and carbohydrate(40.35±0.00%).GC-MS analyses revealed fourteen(14)fatty acids including Octadecanoic acid(1.95%),Benzyloxymethylimine(43.89%),2-Allylpent-4-enoic acid benzyl ester(26.25%),Hexadecanoic acid,methyl ester(1.09%),Oleic Acid(0.25%),9,12-Octadecadienoic acid,methyl ester(Omega-6-fatty acid)(1.52%).The bioactive compounds identified in FPMSE could contribute to the pharmacological properties of *** seeds and hence,could be of considerable interest for the development of new drugs.

关键词： Pentaclethra macrophylla in vitro antioxidant GC-MS fatty acids

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Mitigating the Prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy in the United States: Utilization of the Chronic Care Model as a Public Health Framework

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Open Journal of Ophthalmology 2024年第2期14卷 103-116页

作者： Anthony Obiyom Kamalu Austin Ebhodaghe Ekeoba emeka Canice Uzor Christian Chukwuka Duru Obinna Princewill Anyatonwu Ogemdi Emmanuel Adiele Chibuike Reginald Amuzie Chima Lawrence Odoemenam Public Health Department Louisiana State University Shreveport Shreveport USA College of Optometry State University of New York New York USA Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Department of Optometry Imo State University Owerri Nigeria Epidemiology and Global Health Unit Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine Umea University Umea Sweden College of Medicine Georgetown University Washington DC USA Public Health Department School of Allied Health Professionals Louisiana State University Health Shreveport Shreveport USA

As the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy continues to be on the rise, the Chronic Care Model (CCM) offers a transformative, patient-focused approach for efficient diabetic retinopathy care, emphasizing the need for urgent and innovative strategies in the United States. The model integrates community resources, healthcare organizations, self-management support, delivery system design, decision support, and clinical information systems. Addressing challenges and solutions, the model emphasizes proactive and preventive measures, collaborative multidisciplinary care, technological integration, and overcoming resistance to change. This paper proposes the utilization of the Chronic Care Model (CCM) as a possible public health framework for comprehensive management of diabetic retinopathy in the United States. Implementing the CCM offers a comprehensive approach to diabetic retinopathy care, addressing both individual and systemic factors, essential for improving public health outcomes.

关键词： Chronic Care Model Diabetes Diabetic Retinopathy Model Implementation Vision Care

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The Phytochemistry, Ethnobotanical, and Pharmacological Potentials of the Medicinal Plant-Vernonia amygdalina L. (bitter Leaf)

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Clinical Complementary Medicine and Pharmacology 2021年第1期1卷 41-55页

作者： Eziuche A.Ugbogu Okezie Emmanuel Emmanuel D.Dike Grace O.Agi Ositadimma C.Ugbogu Chibuike Ibe emeka J.Iweala Department of Biochemistry Abia State UniversityPMB 2000UturuAbia StateNigeria Department of Nutrition Sheffield Hallam UniversityUnited Kingdom Department of Microbiology Abia State UniversityPMB 2000UturuAbia StateNigeria Department of Biochemistry Covenant UniversityPMB 1023OtaOgun StateNigeria

Background:Vernonia amygdalina is traditionally used to treat a variety of diseases including diarrhoea,fungal and bacterial infections,inflammation,cancer,diabetes,and its squeezed juice can be applied on ***:This study reviewed the phytochemistry,ethnopharmacological,and pharmacological potentials of ***:Literature search of relevant papers(1994-2021)were performed using ScienceDirect,Springer,Wiley and PubMed *** this review study,only publications written in English were ***:The bioactive compounds extracted from *** includes 6𝛽,10𝛽,14𝛽trimethylheptadecan-15𝛼-olyl-15-O-𝛽-D-glucopyranosyl-1,5𝛽olide,glucuronolactone,11𝛼-hydroxyurs-5,12-dien-28-oic acid-3𝛼,25-olide,10-geranilanyl-O-𝛽-D-xyloside,1-heneicosenol O-𝛽-D-glucopyranoside,apigenin,luteolin(3´,4´,5,7tetrahydroxyflavone),vernolide,hydroxyvernolide,3′-deoxyvernodalol,vernodalol,diterpene(ingenol-3-angelate),vernomygdin,4-methylumbelliferone,cephantharin,cryptolepine,isocryptolepine,neocryptolepine,courmarins,vernolepin,and *** in vivo and in vitro studies revealed that *** and its bioactive components possess pharmacological activities such as antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,anticancer,antimicrobial,hepatoprotective,antidiarrheal,anti-diabetic,and neuroprotective ***:This review demonstrated that *** possess therapeutic effects against a wide variety of *** efficacy of *** in ameliorating diseases is attributed to its antioxidant activity and ability to improve the antioxidant *** the vast pharmacological activities of ***,more human clinical trials are needed to identify effective and safe doses for treatment of various diseases.

关键词： Vernonia amygdalina Pharmacological activities Phytochemicals Traditional uses

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The impact of COVID-19 on the birth rate in Nigeria:a report from population-based registries

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Infectious Diseases Research 2023年第1期4卷 14-18页

作者： Charlotte Blanche Oguejiofor Kenechi Miracle Ebubechukwu George Uchenna Eleje Emmanuel Onyebuchi Ugwu Joseph Tochukwu Enebe Kingsley emeka Ekwuazi Chukwuemeka Chukwubuikem Okoro Boniface Chukwuneme Okpala Charles Chukwunomunso Okafor Nnanyelugo Chima Ezeora emeka Ifeanyi Iloghalu Chidebe Christian Anikwe Chigozie Geoffrey Okafor Polycarp Uchenna Agu emeka Philip Igbodike Iffiyeosuo Dennis Ake Arinze Anthony Onwuegbuna Osita Samuel Umeononihu Onyedika Promise Anaedu Odigonma Zinobia Ikpeze David Chibuike Ikwuka Henry Ifeanyi Nwaolisa Ekene Agatha emeka Jude Ogechukwu Okoye Ihechinyerem Kelechi Osuagwu Angela Ogechukwu Ugwu Toochukwu Benjamin Ejikeme Eziamaka Pauline Ezenkwele Chijioke Ogomegbunam Ezeigwe Malarchy Ekwunife Nwankwo Gerald Okanandu Udigwe Joseph Ifeanyichukwu Ikechebelu Grace Agbaeze Chukwuebuka Divine Nwanja Ahizechukwu Chigoziem Eke Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching HospitalNnewi PMB 5025Nigeria Preventive Medicine and Research Department Clina-Lancet LaboratoriesVictoria IslandLagos 101241Nigeria Effective Care Research Unit Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyNnamdi Azikiwe UniversityNnewi Campus 435001Nigeria Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology College of MedicineUniversity of Nigeria Enugu CampusEnuguEnugu State 400102Nigeria Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Nigeria Teaching HospitalItuku OzallaEnugu State 400102Nigeria Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology ESUT Teaching HospitalParklaneEnugu 400102Nigeria Medical Department Divine Medical CentreSouth West IkoyiLagos 1001233Nigeria Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Havana Specialist HospitalSurulereLagos 100011Nigeria Clinical Trial Division Drug Evaluation and Research DirectorateNAFDAC office ComplexLagos 100011Nigeria Department of Ophthalmology Nnamdi Azikiwe UniversityNnewi campus 435001Nigeria Department of Human Physiology Nnamdi Azikiwe University NnewiAnambra State 435001Nigeria Department of Family Medicine Faculty of MedicineNnamdi Azikiwe UniversityAwka 435001Nigeria Department of Medical Laboratory Science Faculty of Health Sciences and TechnologyNnamdi Azikiwe UniversityAwka 435001Nigeria Department of Health Services Federal University of TechnologyOwerri 460103Nigeria Department of Haematology and Immunology College of MedicineUniversity of Nigeria Enugu CampusEnuguEnugu State 400102Nigeria Musgrove Park Hospital Somerset NHS Foundation TrustUnited Kingdom TLTp Medical(UHS) Southampton WS15United Kingdom Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine Department of Gynecology and ObstetricsJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore 21201U.S.A

Background and objectives:Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is a pandemic that has become a major source of morbidity and mortality worldwide,affecting the physical and mental health of individuals influencing *** the threat,it poses to maternal health in sub-Saharan Africa and Nigeria,there is little or no data on the impact it has on fertility,conception,gestation and *** compare the birth rate between pre-COVID and COVID times using selected months of the *** and methods:This was a secondary analysis of cross-sectional analytical study data from the birth registries of three tertiary hospitals,comparing two years[2019(Pre-COVID)]versus[2020(COVID era)]using three months of the year(October to December).The data relied upon was obtained from birth registries in three busy maternity clinics all within tertiary hospitals in South-East Nigeria and we aimed at discussing the potential impacts of COVID-19 on fertility in *** secondary outcome measures were;mode of delivery,booking status of the participants,maternal age and ***:There was a significant decrease in tertiary-hospital based birth rate by 92 births(P=0.0009;95%CI:-16.0519 to-4.1481)among mothers in all the three hospitals in 2020 during the COVID period(post lockdown months)of October to *** was a significant difference in the mode of delivery for mothers(P=0.0096)with a 95%confidence interval of 1.0664 to 1.5916,as more gave birth through vaginal delivery during the 2020 COVID-19 period than ***:Tertiary-hospital based birth rates were reduced during the *** multi-centre study extrapolated on possible factors that may have played a role in this decline in their birth rate,which includes but is not limited to;decreased access to hospital care due to the total lockdowns/curfews and worsening inflation and economic recession in the country.

关键词： birth rates COVID-19 lockdown Nigeria pandemic pre-COVID

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Antimicrobial resistance containment in Africa:Moving beyond surveillance

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Biosafety and Health 2024年第1期6卷 50-58页

作者： Zikora Kizito Glory Anyaegbunam Ifeanyi Elibe Mba Yandev Doowuese Ngozi J.Anyaegbunam Toluwalase Mba Fetuata Aminat Aina Vincent NnamdigadiChigor emeka Innocent Nweze Emmanuel A.Ezea Department of Microbiology Faculty of Biological SciencesUniversity of Nigeria Nsukka CampusEnugu 410001Nigeria Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of IbadanIbadan 20005Nigeria Department of Microbiology Federal University of Health SciencesOtukpo 970001Nigeria Measurement and Evaluation Unit Science Education Department University of Nigeria NsukkaEnugu 410001Nigeria Sumy State University Medical InstituteSumy Oblast 40000Ukraine Lead City University Hospital Lead CityIbadan 200255Nigeria Department of Microbiology College of Natural SciencesFederal University of AgricultureAbeokuta 111101Nigeria

Worldwide,infections caused by drug‐resistant pathogens constitute a significant challenge threatening therapeutic *** to the World Health Organization(WHO),antimicrobial resistance(AMR)ranks among the top 10 global public health *** with a high rate of multiple host adaptivity,significant genetic diversity(multiple lineages),high virulence factors,and genetic exchange have been isolated from various sources(humans,animals,and the environment)even without exposure to prior *** now,the source of AMR and how resistant clones are selected in the environment remain largely elusive,and potential anthropogenic transmission has been reported in different *** drug‐resistant pathogens,lineages,resistant clones,outbreak clusters,plasmid replicates,and genes that play a critical role in resistance dissemination have been *** of certain multidrug‐resistant(MDR)determinants has also been shown to enhance or support the propagation of *** far,significant advances have been made in understanding the burden of ***,overcoming AMR requires a holistic approach,as there is no single approach with sufficient precision to curb the *** strengthening AMR surveillance efforts is essential,as we have shown,there is also a need to intensify efforts to strengthen therapeutic interventions,especially in priority regions such as ***,we discussed the burden of AMR and the dissemination of AMR in humans,animals,and the environment(non‐medical drivers).We further delved into the big questions on Africa and discussed how therapeutic interventions involving vaccines and other viable biomaterials could be pivotal in reducing the burden of AMR to the barest minimum.

关键词： Antimicrobial resistance(AMR) Bacteria Surveillance One Health Vaccines Africa

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Non-Puerperal Uterine Inversion with Uterine Mülleroblastoma in a Teenager: A Case Report of Loandjili General Hospital Pointe-Noire (Republic of Congo)

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2020年第5期10卷 723-728页

作者： L. M. E. Eouani J. C. Mokoko Ngatali Sidney A. emeka Pognabeka C. Itoua L. H. Iloki Obstetrics Gynecology Service Loandjili General Hospital Pointe Noire Congo Faculty of Health Sciences Marien Ngouabi University Brazzaville Congo Obstetrics Gynecology Service University Health Center of Brazzaville Brazzaville Congo Department of Cancerology Loandjili General Hospital Pointe Noire Congo Department of Obstetric Gynaecology Teaching Hospital of Brazzaville Brazzaville Congo.

Introduction: Uterine inversion is a reversal of the uterus into a glove. It is an obstetric complication of deliverance. Uterine inversion out from pregnancy is rare. The Müller duct is an embryonic tubular formation which will transform into the vagina, uterus, and fallopian tubes. The mixed Müllerian malignant tumor is a rare tumor to girl and woman in genital activity, which develops in the uterus at the expense of vestige of the Müller channels. The association of these two pathologies is rare. We report an observation of complicated uterine inversion mulloblastoma to a teenager. Observation: A teenager of 15 years old, admitted for a vulvar tumor, which has occurred about two months. Student in the first class of senior high school, she has no medical history, and no particular surgery. She had her threat at the age of 13, and has a regular menstrual cycle of 30 days, with 05 days of period. Two months before her admission, the patient noticed during her menstruation, the perception of soft intravaginal tissue but which disappeared when her period stopped. A week before her admission, she felt pelvic pain with expulsive colic, radiating to the external genitals, 3 days later, a protusion from the vaginal vestibule of a mass, so the volume gradually increased. It is in front of this situation that the patient consults a health center, which refers her to us for treatment. On admission, the patient was conscious with a good hemodynamic state. Vulva inspection revealed a large, rounded mass with an endovaginal implantation, with necrosis areas. This mass was resistant, bleeding in any manipulation, mobile, perceive neither the cervical relief nor the presence of the uterus. The ultrasound assessment had marked: a large abdomino-pelvic pseudo-mass with urinary repercussions right form of hydronephrosis uretero and associated with gastric distension, and MRI complete inversion of the uterus, with the uterine in the vaginal cavity associated with a large vulvovagina

关键词： Metrorrhagia Swelling Uterine Inversion Medulloblastoma

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Ginkgo biloba supplement modulates mTOR/ERK1/2 activities to mediate cardio-protection in cyclosporin-A-induced cardiotoxicity in Wistar rats

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Clinical Traditional Medicine and Pharmacology 2024年第2期5卷 32-42页

作者： Jerome Ndudi Asiwe Benneth Ben-Azu Godwin D.Yovwin Vincent-Junior Onoriode Igben Benjamin Oritsemuelebi Israel Ofejiro Efejene Olusegun Gafar Adebayo Nicholas Asiwe Anthony emeka Ojieh Department of Physiology Faculty of Basic Medical SciencesDelta State UniversityAbraka 330105Delta StateNigeria Department of Physiology Faculty of Basic Medical SciencesUniversity of IbadanIbadan 200223Oyo StateNigeria Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Basic Medical SciencesDelta State UniversityAbraka 330105Delta StateNigeria Department of Family Medicine Faculty of Clinical MedicineDelta State University330105Delta StateNigeria Department of Physiology Faculty of Basic Medical SciencesNovena UniversityOgume 322103Delta StateNigeria Department of Physiology PAMO University of Medical SciencesPort-HarcourtPort-Harcourt 500262Rivers StateNigeria Department of Anatomy University of Port-HarcourtPort-Harcourt 500262Rivers StateNigeria

Background:Cyclosporine-A(Cs-A),an immunosuppressant drug indicated for organ transplant patients has been associated with toxicities arising from activation of pathological *** Ginkgo biloba supplement(GBS)is an antioxidant-enhancing herbal product widely used for treating neurological and vascular ***:This study investigated the ameliorative effect of GBS on cyclosporine-A induced cardiotoxicity in Wistar ***:The study included 20 Wistar rats(n=5)and they were treated as follows:group 1 received distilled water(10 mL/kg),group 2 received Cs-A(25 mg/kg),group 3 received GBS(50 mg/kg)and group 4 received Cs-A(25 mg/kg)and GBS(50 mg/kg).All treatment were done intraperitoneal for 14 days and thereafter,animals were euthanised and heart tissues were harvested for biochemical assays as well as immunohistochemical *** was also collected for serum biochemical ***:Our results revealed that GBS reduces Cs-A induced increase of AST,ALT,ALP,LDH,and GGT levels in serum relative to Cs-A ***,increased oxido-nitrergic markers like MDA,NO,together with elevated concentrations of cholesterol,triglycerides,LDL,creatine kinase-MB,troponin-I,as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines(IL-6,and TNF-α)and heart weight index were reduced by *** Cs-A induced suppression of low-density lipoprotein,antioxidant(GSH,SOD,CAT),Na-K ATPase activities and antiapoptotic element,Bcl-2 were increased by ***,signalling pathways including ERK1/2,and mTOR as well as ventricular thickness were significantly alleviated by GBS ***:The findings suggest that GBS ameliorated Cs-A-induced cardiotoxicity by activating mTOR/ERK1/2 signalling pathways.

关键词： Apoptosis Antioxidant Cyclosporine-A Ginkgo biloba supplement Inflammation

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Sociodemographic Factors for Vitamin D Levels in Children with Acute Respiratory Infection

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2021年第4期11卷 759-769页

作者： Esther Ngozi Umeadi Sylvia Tochukwu Echendu Chinyelu Uchenna Ufoaroh Ernest Ndukaife Anyabolu Ezinne Ifeyinwa Nwaneli Wilson Chukwuneke Igwe Chijioke E. Ezeudu Ekene Agatha emeka Joy Chinelo Ebenebe Ifeoma Egbuonu Department of Pediatrics Nnamdi Azikiwe University Nnewi Nigeria Department of Medicine Nnamdi Azikiwe University Nnewi Nigeria Department of Medicine Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University Awka Nigeria

Background and Objectives: Childhood acute respiratory infection is a public health problem with significant morbidity and mortality in developing countries. The present study was to assess the sociodemographic determinants of vitamin D levels in patient with acute respiratory infections (ARIs) receiving care in Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital (NAUTH), Nnewi, Southeast Nigeria. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study, conducted in Nnewi, Nigeria, on 250 children with ARI. Sociodemographic data were collected and serum vitamin D levels of the subjects were assayed. The association between sociodemographic variables and vitamin D was evaluated using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: A total of 250 children with ARI aged 1 - 59 months were enrolled in this study, with slight male preponderance (57.2%). About 60% of the population was less than 2 years. The majority (85.6%) of the subjects had adequate vitamin D levels (≥20 ng/dL). The mean serum vitamin D level in the subjects was (52.2 ± 25.6 ng/mL). Multivariate logistic regression showed that only gender was significantly related to vitamin D levels with males found to have a lower risk of vitamin D deficiency. {OR = 0.05

关键词： Vitamin D Deficiency Under-Five Children Acute Respiratory Infection Gender

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The History, Trend, Types, and Mitigation of Distributed Denial of Service Attacks

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Journal of Information Security（信息安全） 2023年第4期

作者： Richard Kabanda Bertrand Byera Henrietta emeka Khaja Taiyab Mohiuddin

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