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Autoimmune hepatitis in genetic syndromes:A literature review

World Journal of Hepatology 2021年第10期13卷 1328-1340页

作者： Anna Paola Capra emanuele chiara Silvana Briuglia Department of Biomedical DentalMorphological and Functional Imaging SciencesUniversity of MessinaMessina 98100Italy Department of Clinical Pathology University of MessinaMessina 98100Italy

Genetic syndromes represent relevant and rare *** conditions include a large amount of epidemiological,pathogenetic and clinical ***,a systematic approach to genetic syndromes is often prevented by the rareness of these ***,although clinical features are usually precisely defined,nowadays more uncommon associations between genetic syndromes and internal medicine related diseases have been insufficiently *** hepatitis(AIH)is a chronic liver disease caused by loss of tolerance to hepatocyte-specific ***,a better knowledge about specific genetic syndromes in which AIH is more frequent could be important in the clinical management of patients,both for an early diagnosis and for a prompt ***,a systematic approach could explain if onset,clinical course,and response to treatment of AIH are typical for specific genetic *** took in consideration all the scientific articles reported in PubMed in the last 10 years,from 2010 to *** purpose of this review is to explore the prevalence of AIH in genetic syndrome,but also to suggest new classification,that could be useful for pathogenetic hypothesis and clinical approach to genetic *** the 139 publications selected using keywords“autoimmune hepatitis”and“genetic syndrome”,30 papers(21.6%)respected the chosen inclusion criteria,reporting the association between AIH in patients with a genetic *** have collected in all 47 patients with AIH and genetic syndrome,and with median age of *** suggest that when a patient presents a clinical picture of cryptogenic chronic hepatitis,that is unexplained,it is useful to explore differential diagnosis of AIH associated with genetic *** the clinical relevance of this topic,further reports are needed to demonstrate our hypothesis and collect new evidence in this field.

关键词： Autoimmunity Hepatitis Gene Syndrome Liver Disease Immunity

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Molecular mechanisms of liver preconditioning

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第48期16卷 6058-6067页

作者： Elisa Alchera Caterina Dal Ponte chiara Imarisio emanuele Albano Rita Carini Department of Medical Sciences University of East Piedmont "A. Avogadro"

Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury still represents an important cause of morbidity following hepatic surgery and limits the use of marginal livers in hepatic transplantation. Transient blood flow interruption followed by reperfusion protects tissues against damage induced by subsequent I/R. This process known as ischemic pre-conditioning (IP) depends upon intrinsic cytoprotective systems whose activation can inhibit the progression of irreversible tissue damage. Compared to other organs,liver IP has additional features as it reduces inflammation and promotes hepatic regeneration. Our present understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in liver IP is still largely incomplete. Experimental studies have shown that the protective effects of liver IP are triggered by the release of adenosine and nitric oxide and the subsequent activation of signal networks involving protein kinases such as phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase,protein kinase C δ/ε and p38 MAP kinase,and transcription factors such as signal transducer and activator of transcription 3,nuclear factor-κB and hypoxia-inducible factor 1. This article offers an overview of the molecular events underlying the preconditioning effects in the liver and points to the possibility of developing pharmacological approaches aimed at activating the intrinsic protective systems in patients undergoing liver surgery.

关键词： Apoptosis Hepatocyte Hypoxia Ischemia/ reperfusion Liver surgery Necrosis Pharmacological preconditioning Preconditioning Survival pathways

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Decline of Traditional Landscape in a Protected Area of the Southwestern Alps:the Fate of Enclosed Pasture Patches in the Land Mosaic Shift

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Journal of Mountain Science 2014年第2期11卷 544-554页

作者： Matteo GARBARINO emanuele SIBONA emanuele LINGUA Renzo MOTTA Department of Agricultural Food and Environmental Sciences (D3A) Università Politecnica delle MarcheVia delle Brecce BiancheI-60131 AnconaItaly Department of Agriculture Forest and Food Sciences (DISAFA) University of Torino Via L. da Vinci 44 I-10095 Grugliasco TO Italy Department of Land and Agro-Forestry Systems (TESAF) University of Padova Agripolis Viale dell'Università 16 I-35020 Legnaro PD Italy

【Title】【Author】【Addresses】1Traditional landscape elements such as pasture patches enclosed in a forest matrix are progressively disappearing throughout the European Alps. We assessed the land mosaic shift of a protected area located in the western Italian Alps. In particular, the dynamics of pasture patches were studied at both landscape and stand level. Land-cover mapping through object-oriented analysis of historical aerial photographs was used to assess land-cover changes between 1954 and 2000. Spatial statistics were used to quantify landscape patterns, and field samplings within pasture patches were used to explore tree regeneration structure and composition. Our results showed a significant increase in the number of pasture patches caused by their fragmentation following forest expansion. The total surface area of pasture patches decreased by 43% and their core area decreased by 94%. The encroachment of trees on less accessible areas of the pasture patches caused a reduction of patch shape at landscape scale. The gap filling process started 40-50 years ago and began with an early invasion of light demanding species like sycamore maple （Acer pseudoplatanus L.） and common ash （Fraxinus excelsior L.）, followed by European beech （Fagus sylvatica L.） and secondarily silver fir （Abies alba Mill.）. Traditional land-use and population decline in the Pesio Valley led to a reduction in ecotone areas. A transition to a more homogeneous landscape is expected in the next decades. Given the cultural and productive nature of these mountain meadow-pasture communities, extensive livestock grazing systems could be used to manage their future conservation.

关键词： Landscape structure Secondary succession Historical ecology Pesio Valley Traditional land-use

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Emerging and Innovative Materials for Hydropower Engineering Applications:Turbines,Bearings,Sealing,Dams and Waterways,and Ocean Power

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Engineering 2022年第1期8卷 148-158页

作者： emanuele Quaranta Peter Davies European Commission Joint Research Centre Ispra 21027Italy Marine Structures Laboratory IFREMER Centre BretagnePlouzané29280France

The hydropower sector is currently experiencing several technological *** technologies and practices are emerging to make hydropower more flexible and more *** materials have also been recently developed to increase performance,durability,and reliability;however,no systematic discussions can be found in the ***,in this paper,novel materials for hydropower applications are presented,and their performance,advantages,and limitations are *** example,composites can reduce the weight of steel equipment by 50%to 80%,polymers and superhydrophobic materials can reduce head losses by 4%to 20%,and novel bearing materials can reduce bearing wear by 6%.These improvements determine higher efficiencies,longer life span,waste reduction,and maintenance needs,although the initial cost of some materials is not yet competitive with respect to the costs of traditional *** novel materials are described here based on the following categories:novel materials for turbines,dams and waterways,bearings,seals,and ocean hydropower.

关键词： Bearing Composite Dam Hydropower Material Ocean Seal Turbine

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Carbon sequestration in a bamboo plantation:a case study in a Mediterranean area

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第3期35卷 231-238页

作者： Tommaso Chiti emanuele Blasi Maria Vincenza Chiriaco Department for Innovation in Biological Agro-Food and Forest Systems(DIBAF)University of TusciaVia San C.De Lellis snc01100 ViterboItaly Foundation Euro-Mediterranean Center on Climate Change(CMCC) Division on Climate Change Impacts on AgricultureForests and Ecosystem Services(IAFES)Via Garbini5101100 ViterboItaly

In the Mediterranean region,despite bamboo being an alien species that can seriously alter plant and ani-mal biocoenosis,the area occupied by bamboo plantations continues to increase,especially for the purpose to seques-ter carbon(C).However,the C dynamics in the soil-plant system when bamboo is grown outside its native area are poorly *** we investigated the C mitigation potential of the fast-growing Moso bamboo(Phyllostachys edulis)introduced in Italy for climate-change *** analyzed aboveground(AGB)and belowground(as root/shoot ratio)biomass,litter and soil organic C(SOC)at O-15-and 15-30-cm depths in a 4-year-old bamboo plantation in comparison with the former annual cropland on which the bamboo was *** have an idea of the maximum C stored at an ecosystem level,a natural forest adjacent the two sites was also *** the plantation,C accumulation as AGB was stimulated,with 14.8±3.1 Mg C ha^(-1) stored in 3 years;because thinning was done to remove culms from the first year,the mean sequestration rate was 4.9 Mg C ha^(-1) a^(-1).The sequestration rates were high but comparable to other fast-growing tree species in Italy(e.g.,Pinus nigra).SOC was significantly higher in the bamboo plantation than in the cropland only at the 0-15 cm depth,but SOC stock did not *** 4 years were not enough time for a clear increase in SOC,or the high nutrient uptake by bamboos might have depleted the soil nutrients,thus inhibiting the soil organic matter formation by *** comparison,the natural forest had significantly higher C levels in all the *** C dynamics at an ecosystem level,the bamboo plantation on the former annual cropland led to substantial C removal from the atmosphere(about 12 Mg C ha^(-1) a^(-1)).However,despite the promising C sequestration rates by bamboo,its introduction should be carefully considered due to potential ecological problems caused by this species in overexploited environments such as the Med

关键词： Carbon sequestration Climate change mitigation Mediterranean area Moso bamboo Soil organic carbon

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Small bowel imaging of inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Radiology 2015年第8期7卷 198-201页

作者： emanuele Casciani chiara De Vincentiis Gianfranco Gualdi Department of Emergency Radiology "La Sapienza" University-Hospital Umberto I Department of Radiology "La Sapienza" University-Sant’Andrea’s Hospital

The study of the small bowel(SB) has always beenchallenging both for clinicians and radiologist. It is a long and tortuous tube that can be affected by various pathologies whose signs and symptoms are usually non specific and can mimic other acute abdominal disorders. For these reasons, imaging plays a central role in the diagnosis of the different pathological conditions that can occur. They are important also in the management and follow up of chronic diseases. We expose and evaluate all the radiological methods that are now available for the study of the SB with particular emphasis on the technological improvement of cross-sectional imaging, such as computed tomography(CT) and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI). These techniques have, infact, highly improved in terms of execution times(fast acquisitions images), patients discomfort and radiation dose, for CT, with consequent reduced biological risks. Moreover, the new post-processing options with multiplanar reconstruction and isotropic images have made significant changes in the evaluation of the exams. Especially MRI scans have been improved by the advent of new sequences, such as diffusion weighted imaging and cine-MRI, parallel imaging and breath-hold sequences and can provide excellent soft-tissue contrast without the use of ionizing radiations.

关键词： Small bowel imaging Magnetic resonance Cross-sectional imaging Computed tomography Positron emission tomography-computed tomography

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Portal vein thrombosis:Insight into physiopathology,diagnosis,and treatment

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第2期16卷 143-155页

作者： Francesca R Ponziani Maria A Zocco chiara Campanale emanuele Rinninella Annalisa Tortora Luca Di Maurizio Giuseppe Bombardieri Raimondo De Cristofaro Anna M De Gaetano Raffaele Landolfi Antonio Gasbarrini Department of Internal Medicine Catholic University of Rome Department of Bioimaging and Radio-logical Sciences Catholic University of Rome

Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is a relatively common complication in patients with liver cirrhosis, but might also occur in absence of an overt liver disease. Several causes, either local or systemic, might play an important role in PVT pathogenesis. Frequently, more than one risk factor could be identified; however, occasionally no single factor is discernable. Clinical examination, laboratory investigations, and imaging are helpful to provide a quick diagnosis, as prompt treatment might greatly affect a patient's outcome. In this review, we analyze the physiopathological mechanisms of PVT development, together with the hemodynamic and functional alterations related to this condition. Moreover, we describe the principal factors most frequently involved in PVT development and the recent knowledge concerning diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Finally, we analyze the implications of PVT in the setting of liver transplantation and its possible influence on patients' future prognoses.

关键词： Portal vein thrombosis Portal hypertension Thrombophilic factors Liver cirrhosis Liver transplantation Anticoagulants

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Unsupervised Electric Motor Fault Detection by Using Deep Autoencoders

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2019年第2期6卷 441-451页

作者： emanuele Principi Damiano Rossetti Stefano Squartini Francesco Piazza the Department of Information Engineering Università Politecnica delle Marche Loccioni Group Angeli di Rosora IEEE

Fault diagnosis of electric motors is a fundamental task for production line testing, and it is usually performed by experienced human operators. In the recent years, several methods have been proposed in the literature for detecting faults automatically. Deep neural networks have been successfully employed for this task, but, up to the authors' knowledge, they have never been used in an unsupervised scenario. This paper proposes an unsupervised method for diagnosing faults of electric motors by using a novelty detection approach based on deep autoencoders. In the proposed method, vibration signals are acquired by using accelerometers and processed to extract LogMel coefficients as features. Autoencoders are trained by using normal data only, i.e., data that do not contain faults. Three different autoencoders architectures have been evaluated: the multilayer perceptron(MLP) autoencoder, the convolutional neural network autoencoder, and the recurrent autoencoder composed of long short-term memory(LSTM) units. The experiments have been conducted by using a dataset created by the authors, and the proposed approaches have been compared to the one-class support vector machine(OC-SVM) algorithm. The performance has been evaluated in terms area under curve(AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic curve, and the results showed that all the autoencoder-based approaches outperform the OCSVM algorithm. Moreover, the MLP autoencoder is the most performing architecture, achieving an AUC equal to 99.11 %.

关键词： Autoencoder convolutional neural networks electric motor fault detection long short-term memory neural networks novelty detection

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Effect of stepover and torch tilting angle on a repair process using WAAM

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Advances in Manufacturing 2022年第4期10卷 541-555页

作者： Francesco Baffa Giuseppe Venturini Gianni Campatelli emanuele Galvanetto Department of Industrial Engineering University of FlorenceFlorenceItaly

To sustain the transition to a greener economy and greener manufacturing,it is necessary to develop new approaches and technologies to repair metal components;this will result in a drastic reduction in energy and material *** this study,wire arc additive manufacturing(WAAM)was used to deposit a layer of new material on an existing surface,with the objective of finding the optimal configuration that maximized the layer quality and material *** parameters considered are the stepover among the deposited beads and the inclination of the torch with respect to the repaired *** inclination angle is crucial when repairing complex surfaces,like those of a mold,owing to accessibility issues,the torch cannot be maintained orthogonal to the surfaces along the entire *** configurations were tested in order to assess the quality of the materials in terms of the presence of material voids,depth of penetration,and the heat affected zone(HAZ)and to understand the effects of these variables on the material efficiency and thickness of the repairing *** should be noted that by adopting deposition parameters set to have a low heat input,the use of a tilting angle has beneficial effects on the quality of the deposited layer and the process *** and geometrical measurements were carried out to assess the effect of these two variables depositing a layer of plain carbon steel.

关键词： Wire arc additive manufacturing(WAAM) Repairing·Torch inclination Stepover Remanufacturing

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Capsule endoscopy in neoplastic diseases

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第34期14卷 5245-5253页

作者： Marco Pennazio emanuele Rondonotti Roberto de Franchis Division of Gastroenterology 2 Department of Gastroenterology and Clinical Nutrition S. Giovanni A.S. Hospital University of Milan IRCCS Policlinico MangiagalliRegina Elena Foundation Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Unit University of Milan IRCCS Policlinico MangiagalliRegina Elena Foundation Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Unit

Until recently, diagnosis and management of small-bowel tumors were delayed by the diffi culty of access to the small bowel and the poor diagnostic capabilities of the available diagnostic techniques. An array of new methods has recently been developed, increasing the possibility of detecting these tumors at an earlier stage. Capsule endoscopy (CE) appears to be an ideal tool to recognize the presence of neoplastic lesions along this organ, since it is non-invasive and enables the entire small bowel to be visualized. High- quality images of the small-bowel mucosa may be captured and small and ? at lesions recognized, without exposure to radiation. Recent studies on a large population of patients undergoing CE have reported small-bowel tumor frequency only slightly above that reported in previous surgical series (range, 1.6%-2.4%) and have also confirmed that the main clinical indication to CE in patients with small-bowel tumors is obscure gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. The majority of tumors identified by CE are malignant; many were unsuspected and not found by other methods. However, it remains difficult to identify pathology and tumor type based on the lesion’s endoscopic appearance. Despite its limitations, CE provides crucial information leading in most cases to changes in subsequent patient management. Whether the use of CE in combination with other new diagnostic (MRI or multidetector CT enterography) and therapeutic (Push- and-pull enteroscopy) techniques will lead to earlier diagnosis and treatment of these neoplasms, ultimately resulting in a survival advantage and in cost savings,remains to be determined through carefully-designed studies.

关键词： Capsule endoscopy Enteroscopy Obscure gastrointestinal bleeding Small-bowel tumors Polyposis syndromes

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