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Building Simulation 2021年第3期14卷 701-720页

作者： Afshin Faramarzi Jongki Lee Brent stephens Mohammad Heidarinejad Department of Civil Architecturaland Environmental EngineeringIllinois Institute of TechnologyChicagoILUSA

Enclosed parking garages require mechanical ventilation fans to dilute concentrations of pollutants emitted from vehicles,which contributes to energy use and peak electricity *** study develops and applies a simulation framework combining multi-zone airflow and contaminant transport modeling,fan affinity laws,and realistic assumptions for vehicle traffic patterns and carbon monoxide(CO)emissions to improve our ability to predict the impacts of various ventilation control strategies on indoor air quality and fan energy use in parking *** simulation approach is validated using measured data from a parking garage case study and then applied to investigate fan energy use,peak power demand,and resulting CO concentrations for four different ventilation control strategies in a model underground parking garage under a variety of assumptions for model *** four ventilation control strategies evaluated include one simplistic schedule(i.e.,Always-On)and three demand-based strategies in which fan speed is a function of CO concentrations in the spaces,including Linear-Demand Control Ventilation(DCV),Standardized Variable Flow(SVF),and a simple On-Off *** estimated annual average fan energy consumption was consistently lowest with the Linear-DCV strategy,resulting in average(±standard deviation)energy savings across all modeled scenarios of 84.3%±0.4%,72.8%±3.6%,and 97.9%±0.1%compared to SVF,On-Off,and Always-On strategies,*** utility of the framework described herein is that it can be used to model energy and indoor air quality impacts of other parking garage configurations and control scenarios.

关键词： carbon monoxide demand control ventilation energy efficiency indoor air quality underground parking garage

Joint effects of weather and interspecific competition on foraging behavior and survival of a mountain herbivore

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Current Zoology 2019年第2期65卷 165-175页

作者： Francesco FERRETTI Sandro LOVARI Philip A. stephens Research Unit of Behavioural Ecology Ethology and Wildlife Management Department of Life Sciences University of Siena Via P.A. Mattioli 4 53100 Siena Italy Conservation Ecology Group Department of Biosciences Durham University South Road Durham DH1 3LE UK Maremma Natural History Museum Strada Corsini 5 58100 Grosseto Italy

Weather variations have the potential to in fluence species interactions, although effects on competitive interactions between species are poorly known. Both weather and competition can influence foraging behavior and survival of herbivores during nursing/weaning, a critical period in the herbivore life cycle. We evaluated the joint effects of weather and competition with red deer Cervus elaphus on the foraging behavior of adult female Apen nine chamois Rupicapra pyrenaica ornata in summer, and on winter survival of chamois kids. High temperature and low rainfall during the growing seas on of vegetation had negative effects on bite rate. Effects of weather were greater in forb patches, including cold-adapted, nutritious plants of key importanee to chamois, than in graminoid ones. Our results confirm previous indications of a negative effect of competition on bite rate of female chamois and on kid survival. Furthermore, harsh weather conditions and competition with deer had additive, negative roles on foraging behavior and survival of chamois. Growing temperatures are expected to influence distribution, growth, and/or nutritional quality of plants;competition would reduce pasture quality and food availability through resource depletion. Both factors would limit food/energy intake rates during summer, reducing survival of the youngest cohorts in winter. We suggest that interspecific competition can be an important additive factor to the effects of weather changes on behavior and demography.

关键词： chamois foraging behavior global changes interspecific interactions resource exploitation ungulates

Assessing Sustainability of Land Management Using a Risk Identification Model

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Pedosphere 2003年第1期13卷 41-48页

作者： P.R.stephens A.E.Hewitt 等 LandcareResearch PrivateBag11052PalmerstonNorth（NewZealand） LandcareResearch.P.O.Box69 Lincoln（NewZealand）

New Zealand is highly dependent on its soil resource for continued agricultural production. To avoiddepleting this resource, there is a need to identify soils and associated land management practices wherethere is a risk of soil degradation. Environmental integrity and ecosystem services also need to be ***, to ensure sustainable production, the on- and off-site environmental impacts of land managementneed to be identified and managed. We developed a structural vulnerability index for New Zealand soils. Thisindex ranks soils according to their inherent susceptibility to physical degradation when used for agricultural(pasture, forestry and cropping) purposes. We also developed a rule-based model to assess soil compactionvulnerability by characterising the combined effects of resistance and resilience. Other soil attributes havebeen appraised using seven chemical, physical and biological indicators of soil quality. These indicators havebeen applied in a nation-wide project involving data collection from over 500 sites for a range of land *** soil quality data can be interpreted via the World Wide Web - through the interactive decision-support tool SINDI. The land-use impact model is a framework to assess agricultural land management andenvironmental sustainability, and may be applied to land units at any scale. Using land resource data andinformation the model explicitly identifies hazards to land productivity and environmental integrity. It utilisesqualitative expert and local knowledge and quantitative model-based evaluations to assess the potentialenvironmental impacts of land-management practices. The model is linked to a geographic informationsystem (GIS), allowing model outputs, such as the environmental impacts of site-specific best managementpractices, to be identified in a spatially explicit manner. The model has been tested in New Zealand in anarea of pastoral land use. Advantages of this risk identification model include: utilising

关键词：土地利用土壤质量持续农业土地管理土地规划新西兰土地资源

A RECONSIDERATION OF THE ACCURACY OF THE REISNER CATEGORISATION SYSTEM OF EGYPTIAN WATERCRAFT HULL TYPES Ⅵ–Ⅷ

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Journal of Ancient Civilizations 2019年第1期34卷 1-19,125页

作者： Michael Allen stephens Monash University

In 2012,I proposed an expansion of the accepted range of hull types utilized by the Egyptians during the Old and Middle Kingdoms,a range based initially on the models and surviving hulls published by Reisner.1 This series expansion ceased at Type V,as Type VI were“Solar”and VII“Divine”vessels,while Type VIII was known only from the New *** V,identifiable as the Manedjet(mand.t),the Day Boat,was included in this expansion due to the discovery and re-assembly of the Old Kingdom vessel of this type,found buried alongside the Great Pyramid,suggestive of its having been a functioning craft,and not *** the hull types Reisner had not categorized,being known only from iconographic depictions,I allocated temporary typological labels–ETH,an abbreviation for“Expedient Type Hull,”with a category and/or a sub category number or *** both the Reisner and the ETH forms,sub categories were developed,utilizing variations of such features as bow and stern finials or variations in hull shape,within the context of their category.

关键词： utilizing expansion abbreviation

Polar interaction of polymer host-solvent enables stable solid electrolyte interphase in composite lithium metal anodes

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第1期31卷 172-178,I0006页

作者： Peng Shi Ze-Yu Liu Xue-Qiang Zhang Xiang Chen Nan Yao Jin Xie Cheng-Bin Jin Ying-Xin Zhan Gang Ye Jia-Qi Huang stephens IfanE L Titirici Maria-Magdalena Qiang Zhang Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology Department of Chemical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Nuclear Energy Technology Institute of Nuclear and New Energy TechnologyTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China Shanxi Research Institute for Clean Energy Tsinghua UniversityTaiyuan 030032ShanxiChina Department of Materials Molecular Sciences Research HubImperial College LondonLondon W12 OBZUK epartment of Chemical Engineering Imperial College LondonSouth Kensington CampusLondon SW72AZUK

The lithium(Li) metal anode is an integral component in an emerging high-energy-density rechargeable battery.A composite Li anode with a three-dimensional(3 D) host exhibits unique advantages in suppressing Li dendrites and maintaining dimensional ***,the fundamental understanding and regulation of solid electrolyte interphase(SEI),which directly dictates the behavior of Li plating/stripping,are rarely researched in composite Li metal ***,the interaction between a polar polymer host and solvent molecules was proposed as an emerging but effective strategy to enable a stable SEI and a uniform Li deposition in a working *** carbonate molecules in electrolytes are enriched in the vicinity of a polar polyacrylonitrile(PAN) host due to a strong dipole-dipole interaction,resulting in a LiF-rich SEI on Li metal to improve the uniformity of Li deposition.A composite Li anode with a PAN host delivers 145 cycles compared with 90 cycles when a non-polar host is ***,60 cycles are demonstrated in a 1:0 Ah pouch cell without external *** work provides a fresh guidance for designing practical composite Li anodes by unraveling the vital role of the synergy between a 3 D host and solvent molecules for regulating a robust SEI.

关键词： Lithium metal Polar interaction Solid electrolyte interphase Lithium plating Composite anode

Psychological Outcomes in Disaster Responders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Effect of Social Support

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2018年第3期9卷 344-358页

作者： Johnrev Guilaran Ian de Terte Krzysztof Kaniasty Christine stephens School of Psychology Massey University Division of Social Sciences University of the Philippines Visayas Department of Psychology Indiana University of Pennsylvania Polish Academy of Sciences

Disaster response work is associated with various psychological outcomes. In post-disaster conditions,social support is generally observed to impact mental health, particularly for survivors. This review was conducted to survey the extent of social support effectiveness on disaster responder groups. Published quantitative social support studies on police, emergency medical responders,rescue and recovery workers, firefighters, and military responders were searched in various academic databases using keyword searches, a reference list search, and a citation search that resulted in 24 studies with 90 effect sizes being included in the final data base. Articles were coded and effect sizes were averaged using the Hedges–Vevea Random Effects model. Nineteen categories of psychological outcomes(for example, anxiety, depression,posttraumatic stress symptoms, and psychological distress)and eight classifications of support were coded. Social support was found to be associated with anxiety, burnout,depression, job control, job satisfaction, psychological distress, turnover intentions, and work engagement, with mean effect sizes from-0.36 to 0.57. Most studies measured perceived social support and negative *** support correlated with outcomes in police responders and rescue and recovery workers. This review discusses the breadth of effect of social support, as well as other elements, such as temporal factors, that may affect the effectiveness of social support in disaster responders.

关键词： Disaster responders Meta-analysis Post-disaster psychological outcomes Psychological distress Social support

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全科医生对躯体症状障碍的评估和处理

中华全科医师杂志 2023年第1期22卷 97-100页

作者：王英秀 stephens Timothy Noel 郭敬柱中南大学湘雅医学院附属海口医院国际医疗部海口570208

躯体症状障碍(somatic symptom disorder)是一种以各式各样、经常变化的躯体症状为主的精神障碍,此定义来自美国精神疾病诊断与统计手册第5版(DSM-5)^([1])。患者因持续担忧各种躯体症状而反复求医,但检查结果往往没有明显的阳性,医生... 详细信息

躯体症状障碍(somatic symptom disorder)是一种以各式各样、经常变化的躯体症状为主的精神障碍,此定义来自美国精神疾病诊断与统计手册第5版(DSM-5)^([1])。患者因持续担忧各种躯体症状而反复求医,但检查结果往往没有明显的阳性,医生反复解释仍不能使患者的顾虑停止.

关键词：精神障碍躯体症状障碍全科医生

小学数学教师有关学生错误的知识的评价模型构建与应用

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数学教育学报 2022年第6期31卷 30-37页

作者：张岳刘晓玫 Max stephens 郏超超北京语言大学国际学生教育政策与评价研究院北京100083 首都师范大学教师教育学院北京100037 墨尔本大学教育研究生院澳大利亚墨尔本3010 中国基础教育质量监测协同创新中心北京100875

小学数学教师有关学生错误的知识的评价模型为包含内容与认知维度的二维结构.其中,认知维度包括“预测学生错误”“运用数学和课程相关知识识别和描述某个特定数学主题的错误”“分析与阐释学生错误的原因”“处理与纠正学生错误的策略... 详细信息

小学数学教师有关学生错误的知识的评价模型为包含内容与认知维度的二维结构.其中,认知维度包括“预测学生错误”“运用数学和课程相关知识识别和描述某个特定数学主题的错误”“分析与阐释学生错误的原因”“处理与纠正学生错误的策略”4个分维度,内容维度以《义务教育数学课程标准(2011年版)》为确立依据,依据模型开发测试工具,通过对来自东、中、西部地区8个省市701名小学数学教师的实测数据进行验证.结果表明:评价模型具有良好的信效度;小学数学教师有关学生错误的知识的整体表现不佳;在认知与内容分维度上表现迥异.

关键词：小学数学教师有关学生错误的知识评价模型验证与应用

Mobile Alert and Warning in the United States and Japan:Confronting the Challenges of International Harmonization

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2021年第6期12卷 928-934页

作者： Hamilton Bean Ana Maria Cruz Mika Shimizu Keri K.stephens Matthew McGlone Sharon Strover Department of Communication University of ColoradoDenver.CO 80204USA Disaster Prevention Research Institute(DPRI).Kyoto University Kyoto 611-0011Japan Graduate School of Advanced Integrated Studies in Human Survivability Kyoto UniversityKyoto 606-8501Japan Department of Communication Studies The University of Texas at AustinAustinTX 78712USA School of Journalism and Media The University of Texas at AustinAustinTX 78712USA

A U.S.-Japan expert workshop on mobile alert and warning was held online 8–10 September *** by the Japan Foundation’s Center for Global Partnership(CGP)and responding to the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030,the workshop compared *** Japanese mobile alert and warning contexts,systems,policies,and messages to investigate possibilities for international harmonization of mobile device-based early *** workshop’s sessions revealed two interrelated issues that repeatedly surfaced among workshop participants:culture and *** workshop illuminated several possibilities and problems confronting U.S.,Japanese,and global stakeholders as they develop,deploy,and seek to improve the effectiveness of mobile alert and warning systems and messages.

关键词： Alerts Disasters Warning Japan Mobile technology United States