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Economic Benefits of Supplemental Irrigation in Uganda

Agricultural Sciences 2018年第11期9卷 1401-1418页

作者： Fahad Kimera Hani Sewilam emad imam Center for Sustainable Development The American University in Cairo Cairo Egypt Department of Engineering Hydrology The RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany Department of Irrigation Cairo University Cairo Egypt

Rainfall variability and the recurrent droughts in the semi-arid regions of Sub-Saharan Africa have far reaching consequences. They have major effects on the socio-economic and environmental sustainability of rural communities. This study investigates the technical, economic, and financial feasibility of small-scale rain water harvesting, and supplemental irrigation (RWHSI) system to mitigate the negative impact of long droughts on crop production. The proposed system consists of limited farm grading to direct the harvested rain water to a lined earth-pond where several alternatives for pumping are proposed for supplemental irrigation schemes. The proposed scheme is mainly activated during the short period when the soil moisture is most critical for the crop yield. To reach an optimum size of the pond, the soil moisture during the critical growth period is simulated using FAO’s water productivity model (AquaCrop). The pond size is optimized by applying AquaCrop for several years with the actual rainfall pattern and the possible supplemental irrigation applications. For each year with its possible drought periods, crop yield for each pond size is predicted, then used for the economic feasibility of the pond sizes. The optimum pond size is the one maximizing its benefit over its cost. The feasibility of the proposed RWHSI is investigated on maize production for the Soroti area in Uganda. For the rainfall pattern, soil conditions, and maize growth characteristics of Soroti, the proposed RWHSI is proved by simulations to be technically, and economically feasible. For a typical farm holding with a catchment area of one hectare, an 800 cubic-meters lined earth-pond can give up to 50% increase in the maize yield. After considering the construction and running costs of the supplemental irrigation system, the pay-back period is 6 years. The required investment cost for this RWHSI is low, and likely to be within the financial capacity of many farmers, while their selection of

关键词： Runoff Harvesting Rain-Fed Irrigation Rainwater Harvesting Sub-Saharan Africa Drought Mitigation

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Evaluating the Efficacy of Latent Variables in Mitigating Data Poisoning Attacks in the Context of Bayesian Networks:An Empirical Study

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第5期139卷 1635-1654页

作者： Shahad Alzahrani Hatim Alsuwat emad Alsuwat Independent Researcher Specializing in Data Security and Privacy Taif26571Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science College of Computer and Information SystemsUmm Al-Qura UniversityMakkah24382Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science College of Computers and Information TechnologyTaif UniversityTaif26571Saudi Arabia

Bayesian networks are a powerful class of graphical decision models used to represent causal relationships among ***,the reliability and integrity of learned Bayesian network models are highly dependent on the quality of incoming data *** of the primary challenges with Bayesian networks is their vulnerability to adversarial data poisoning attacks,wherein malicious data is injected into the training dataset to negatively influence the Bayesian network models and impair their *** this research paper,we propose an efficient framework for detecting data poisoning attacks against Bayesian network structure learning *** framework utilizes latent variables to quantify the amount of belief between every two nodes in each causal model over *** use our innovative methodology to tackle an important issue with data poisoning assaults in the context of Bayesian *** regard to four different forms of data poisoning attacks,we specifically aim to strengthen the security and dependability of Bayesian network structure learning techniques,such as the PC *** doing this,we explore the complexity of this area and offer workablemethods for identifying and reducing these sneaky ***,our research investigates one particular use case,the“Visit to Asia Network.”The practical consequences of using uncertainty as a way to spot cases of data poisoning are explored in this inquiry,which is of utmost *** results demonstrate the promising efficacy of latent variables in detecting and mitigating the threat of data poisoning ***,our proposed latent-based framework proves to be sensitive in detecting malicious data poisoning attacks in the context of stream data.

关键词： Bayesian networks data poisoning attacks latent variables structure learning algorithms adversarial attacks

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Role of endoscopic-ultrasound-guided biliary drainage with electrocautery-enhanced lumen-apposing metal stent for palliation of malignant biliary obstruction

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第7期16卷 1981-1985页

作者： Smit S Deliwala emad Qayed Department of Medicine Division of Digestive DiseasesEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGA 30303United States

In this editorial,we discuss the article by Peng et al in the recent issue of the World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery,focusing on the evolving role of endoscopicultrasound-guided biliary drainage(EUS-BD)with electrocautery lumen apposing metal stent(LAMS)for distal malignant biliary *** endoscopy has rapidly advanced in decompression techniques,with growing evidence of its safety and efficacy surpassing percutaneous and surgical *** endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)has been the gold standard for biliary decompression,its failure rate approaches 10.0%,prompting the exploration of alternatives like *** random-effects meta-analysis demonstrated high technical and clinical success of over 90.0% and an adverse event rate of 17.5%,mainly in the form of stent *** based on stent size were not reported but the majority used 6 mm and 8 mm *** the body of literature continues to demonstrate the effectiveness of this technique,the challenges of stent dysfunction need to be addressed in future *** strategy that has shown promise is placement of double-pigtail stents,only 18% received the prophylactic intervention in this *** expect this to improve with time as the technique continues to be refined and *** results above establish EUS-BD with LAMS as a reliable alternative after failed ERCP and considering EUS to ERCP upfront in the same session is an effective *** the promising results,studies must explore the role of EUS-BD as first-line therapy for biliary decompression.

关键词： Endoscopic-ultrasound Malignant biliary obstruction Lumen apposing metal stent Choledochoduodenostomy Hepaticogastrostomy

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On the analytical soliton approximations to fractional forced Korteweg-de Vries equation arising in fluids and plasmas using two novel techniques

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2024年第8期76卷 1-10页

作者： Weaam Alhejaili emad A Az-Zo’bi Rasool Shah S A El-Tantawy Department of Mathematical Sciences College of SciencePrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityPO Box 84428Riyadh 11671Saudi Arabia Department Mathematics and Statistics Mutah UniversityAl-KarakJordan Department of Computer Science and Mathematics Lebanese American UniversityBeirutLebanon Department of Physics Faculty of SciencePort Said UniversityPort Said 42521Egypt Department of Physics Faculty of ScienceAl-Baha UniversityAl-Baha P.O.Box 1988Saudi Arabia

The current investigation examines the fractional forced Korteweg-de Vries(FF-KdV) equation,a critically significant evolution equation in various nonlinear branches of science. The equation in question and other associated equations are widely acknowledged for their broad applicability and potential for simulating a wide range of nonlinear phenomena in fluid physics, plasma physics, and various scientific domains. Consequently, the main goal of this study is to use the Yang homotopy perturbation method and the Yang transform decomposition method, along with the Caputo operator for analyzing the FF-KdV equation. The derived approximations are numerically examined and discussed. Our study will show that the two suggested methods are helpful, easy to use, and essential for looking at different nonlinear models that affect complex processes.

关键词： forced fractional KdV equation Caputo operator Yang homotopy perturbation method Yang transform decomposition method solitons

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Numerical Treatments for Crossover Cancer Model of Hybrid Variable-Order Fractional Derivatives

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第8期140卷 1619-1645页

作者： Nasser Sweilam Seham Al-Mekhlafi Aya Ahmed Ahoud Alsheri emad Abo-Eldahab Mathematics Department Faculty of ScienceCairo UniversityGiza12613Egypt Mathematics Department Faculty of EducationSana’a UniversitySana’a1247Yemen Mathematics Department Faculty of ScienceHelwan UniversityCairo11795Egypt Department of Mathematics College of ScienceUniversity of BishaAl Namas67398-5644Saudi Arabia

In this paper,two crossover hybrid variable-order derivatives of the cancer model are ***ünwald-Letnikov approximation is used to approximate the hybrid fractional and variable-order fractional *** existence,uniqueness,and stability of the proposed model are *** Bashfourth’s fifth-step method with a hybrid variable-order fractional operator is developed to study the proposed *** studies with generalized fifth-order Runge-Kutta method are *** examples and comparative studies to verify the applicability of the used methods and to demonstrate the simplicity of these approximations are *** have showcased the efficiency of the proposed method and garnered robust empirical support for our theoretical findings.

关键词： Cancer diseases hybrid variable-order fractional derivatives adams bashfourth fifth step generalized fifth order Runge-Kutta method

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Depositional Environment, Petrophysical Evaluation and Electrical Properties of Zeit Formation, Northwestern Shore of Gulf of Suez, Egypt

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年第5期35卷 1720-1737页

作者： Mohamed M.Gomaa emad A.Abd El Aziz Geophysical Sciences Department National Research Centre

The Zeit sand reservoir is one of the most prolific formations at Northwestern side of the Gulf of Suez. In this research we will try to coordinate between electrical, petrophysical properties, depositional environment and facies discrimination in order to evaluate the hydrocarbon potentiality of studied Zeit Formation. The statistical parameters for potassium（K）, thorium（Th） and Th/U ratio contents have a general increase towards northwestern parts, whereas uranium（U） content has a general increase towards southeastern parts. The sandstone facies is distinguished from the other facies by its thorium content >4 ppm. U has high carbonate content（U ≥ 1 ppm）. Rocks' electrical properties vary greatly depending on a number of factors. Electrical measurements were taken at frequencies range of(5 × 10-4Hz–100 kHz) for fully saturated samples（clayey sandstone） with NaCl（20 gm/L）. As salinity, clay content, and frequency increase, consequently does the electrical properties. The continental condition are present in northwestern part（back-sea） which is distinguished by high K percent, high Th, high Th/U ratio, and low U contents. Low K, Th, and Th/U ratio contents, with high U contents, characterize the marine depositional environment that existed around the east and southeastern parts（foresea coincide with the dipping of strata）. Furthermore, the studied Zeit Formation has good petrophysical properties that coincide with marine conditions. The middle and eastern parts（around ISS-94 and CSS-288） is a good reservoir（porosity 36%–39%, shale content <15%, hydrocarbon saturation 71%–92%, and net pay thickness 17–63 feet）.

关键词： Zeit Formation petrophysical evaluation depositional environment Spectral Gamma Ray electrical properties gulf of Suez sedimentology

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Deep Learning Based Efficient Crowd Counting System

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第6期79卷 4001-4020页

作者： Waleed Khalid Al-Ghanem emad Ul Haq Qazi Muhammad Hamza Faheem Syed Shah Amanullah Quadri Department of Computer Engineering College of Computer and Information SciencesKing Saud UniversityRiyadh12372Saudi Arabia Centre of Excellence in Cybercrime and Digital Forensics Naif Arab University for Security SciencesRiyadh14812Saudi Arabia Center of Excellence for Information Assurance(COEIA) King Saud UniversityRiyadh12372Saudi Arabia

Estimation of crowd count is becoming crucial nowadays,as it can help in security surveillance,crowd monitoring,and management for different *** is challenging to determine the approximate crowd size from an image of the crowd’s *** in this research study,we proposed a multi-headed convolutional neural network architecture-based model for crowd counting,where we divided our proposed model into two main components:(i)the convolutional neural network,which extracts the feature across the whole image that is given to it as an input,and(ii)the multi-headed layers,which make it easier to evaluate density maps to estimate the number of people in the input image and determine their number in the *** employed the available public benchmark crowd-counting datasets UCF CC 50 and ShanghaiTech parts A and B for model training and testing to validate the model’s *** analyze the results,we used two metrics Mean Absolute Error(MAE)and Mean Square Error(MSE),and compared the results of the proposed systems with the state-of-art models of crowd *** results show the superiority of the proposed system.

关键词： Crowd counting EfficientNet multi-head attention convolutional neural network transfer learning

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Stability analysis and soliton solutions of the(1+1)-dimensional nonlinear chiral Schrodinger equation in nuclear physics

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2024年第9期76卷 1-15页

作者： Fazal Badshah Kalim U Tariq Ahmet Bekir S M Raza Kazmi emad Az-Zo'bi School of Electrical and Information Engineering Hubei University of Automotive TechnologyShiyan 442002China Department of Mathematics Mirpur University of Science and TechnologyMirpur-10250(AJK)Pakistan Neighbourhood of Akcaglan Imarli StreetNumber:28/426030EskisehirTurkey Department of Mathematics and Statistics Faculty of ScienceMutah UniversityAlKarak 61710Jordan

The nonlinear Schrodinger equation equation is one of the most important physical models used in optical fiber theory to explain the transmission of an optical *** field of chiral soliton propagation in nuclear physics is very interesting because of its numerous applications in communications and ultra-fast signal routing ***(1+1)-dimensional chiral dynamical structure that describes the soliton behaviour in data transmission is dealt with in this work using a variety of in-depth analytical *** work has applications in particle physics,ionised science,nuclear physics,optics,and other applied mathematical *** are able to develop a variety of solutions to demonstrate the behaviour of solitary wave structures,periodic soliton solutions,chiral soliton solutions,and bell-shaped soliton solutions with the use of applied ***,in order to verify the scientific calculations,the stability analysis for the observed solutions of the governing model is taken into *** addition,the3-dimensional,contour,and 2-dimensional visuals are supplied for a better understanding of the behaviour of the *** employed strategies are dependable,uncomplicated,and effective;yet have not been utilised with the governing model in the literature that is now *** resulting outcomes have impressive applications across a large number of study areas and computational physics phenomena representing real-world *** methods applied in this model are not utilized on the given models in previous literature so we can say that these describe the novelty of the work.

关键词： solitons the nonlinear Schrodinger equation stability analysis chiral solitons exact solutions

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Posture Detection of Heart Disease Using Multi-Head Attention Vision Hybrid(MHAVH)Model

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第5期79卷 2673-2696页

作者： Hina Naz Zuping Zhang Mohammed Al-Habib Fuad A.Awwad emad A.A.Ismail Zaid Ali Khan School of Computer Science and Engineering Central South UniversityChangsha410003China Department of Quantitative analysis College of Business AdministrationKing Saud UniversityP.O.Box 71115Riyadh11587Saudi Arabia Electrical and Computer Engineering University of VictoriaVictoriaV9A1B8Canada

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death *** disease causes loss of heart muscles and is also responsible for the death of heart cells,sometimes damaging their functionality.A person’s life may depend on receiving timely assistance as soon as ***,minimizing the death ratio can be achieved by early detection of heart attack(HA)*** the United States alone,an estimated 610,000 people die fromheart attacks each year,accounting for one in every four ***,by identifying and reporting heart attack symptoms early on,it is possible to reduce damage and save many lives *** objective is to devise an algorithm aimed at helping individuals,particularly elderly individuals living independently,to safeguard their *** address these challenges,we employ deep learning *** have utilized a vision transformer(ViT)to address this ***,it has a significant overhead cost due to its memory consumption and computational complexity because of scaling dot-product ***,since transformer performance typically relies on large-scale or adequate data,adapting ViT for smaller datasets is more *** response,we propose a three-in-one steam model,theMulti-Head Attention Vision Hybrid(MHAVH).Thismodel integrates a real-time posture recognition framework to identify chest pain postures indicative of heart attacks using transfer learning techniques,such as ResNet-50 and VGG-16,renowned for their robust feature extraction *** incorporatingmultiple heads into the vision transformer to generate additional metrics and enhance heart-detection capabilities,we leverage a 2019 posture-based dataset comprising RGB images,a novel creation by the author that marks the first dataset tailored for posture-based heart attack *** the limited online data availability,we segmented this dataset into gender categories(male and female)and conducted testing on both segmented and original dat

关键词： Image analysis posture of heart attack(PHA)detection hybrid features VGG-16 ResNet-50 vision transformer advance multi-head attention layer

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Numerical Analysis of Bacterial Meningitis Stochastic Delayed Epidemic Model through Computational Methods

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第10期141卷 311-329页

作者： Umar Shafique Mohamed Mahyoub Al-Shamiri Ali Raza emad Fadhal Muhammad Rafiq Nauman Ahmed Department of Mathematics National College of Business Administration and EconomicsLahore54660Pakistan Department of Mathematics Applied CollegeMahayl AssirKing Khalid UniversityAbha62529Saudi Arabia Department of Physical Sciences The University of ChenabGujrat50700Pakistan Department of Mathematics&Statistics College of ScienceKing Faisal UniversityP.O.Box 400Al-Ahsa31982Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science and Mathematics Lebanese American UniversityBeirut1102-2801Lebanon Department of Mathematics Faculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of Central PunjabLahore54000Pakistan Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of LahoreLahore54000Pakistan

Based on theWorld Health Organization(WHO),Meningitis is a severe infection of the meninges,the membranes covering the brain and spinal *** is a devastating disease and remains a significant public health *** study investigates a bacterial meningitis model through deterministic and stochastic ***-compartment population dynamics explain the concept,particularly the susceptible population,carrier,infected,and *** model predicts the nonnegative equilibrium points and reproduction number,i.e.,the Meningitis-Free Equilibrium(MFE),and Meningitis-Existing Equilibrium(MEE).For the stochastic version of the existing deterministicmodel,the twomethodologies studied are transition probabilities and non-parametric ***,positivity,boundedness,extinction,and disease persistence are studiedrigorouslywiththe helpofwell-known *** and nonstandard techniques such as EulerMaruyama,stochastic Euler,stochastic Runge Kutta,and stochastic nonstandard finite difference in the sense of delay have been presented for computational analysis of the stochastic ***,standard methods fail to restore the biological properties of the model,so the stochastic nonstandard finite difference approximation is offered as an efficient,low-cost,and independent of time step *** addition,the convergence,local,and global stability around the equilibria of the nonstandard computational method is studied by assuming the perturbation effect is *** simulations and comparison of the methods are presented to support the theoretical results and for the best visualization of results.

关键词： Bacterial Meningitis disease stochastic delayed model stability analysis extinction and persistence computational methods

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