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Enhancing Early detection of Lung Cancer through Advanced Image Processing Techniques and deep Learning Architectures for CT Scans

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Computers, Materials and Continua 2024年第1期81卷 271-307页

作者： Tawfik N. emara h.M. el-Shafai W. Soliman N.F. Algarni A.d. Abd el-Samie F.E. Computers and Systems department Electronics Research Institute El Nozha Huckstep Cairo 12622 Egypt department of electronics and electrical Communications Engineering Faculty of Electronic Engineering Menoufia University Menouf 32952 Egypt Security Engineering Lab Computer Science Department Prince Sultan University Riyadh 11586 Saudi Arabia department of Information Technology College of Computer and Information Sciences Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Riyadh 84428 Saudi Arabia

Lung cancer remains a major concern in modern oncology due to its high mortality rates and multifaceted origins, including hereditary factors and various clinical changes. It stands as the deadliest type of cancer and a significant cause of cancer-related deaths globally. Early diagnosis enables healthcare providers to administer appropriate treatment measures promptly and accurately, leading to improved prognosis and higher survival rates. The significant increase in both the incidence and mortality rates of lung cancer, particularly its ranking as the second most prevalent cancer among women worldwide, underscores the need for comprehensive research into efficient screening methods. Advances in diagnostic techniques, particularly the use of computed tomography (CT) scans, have revolutionized the identification of lung cancer. CT scans are renowned for their ability to provide high-resolution images and are particularly effective in detecting small, calcified areas, crucial for identifying early-stage lung cancer. Consequently, there is growing interest in enhancing computer-aided detection (CAd) systems. These algorithms assist radiologists by reducing false-positive interpretations and improving the accuracy of early cancer diagnosis. This study aims to enhance the effectiveness of CAd systems through various methods. Initially, the Contrast Limited Adaptive histogram Equalization (CLAhE) algorithm is employed to preprocess CT scan images, thereby improving their visual quality. Further refinement is achieved by integrating different optimization strategies with the CLAhE method. The CutMix data augmentation technique is applied to boost the performance of the proposed model. A comparative analysis is conducted using deep learning architectures such as Inception-V3, ResNet101, Xception, and EfficientNet. The study evaluates the performance of these architectures in image classification tasks, both with and without the implementation of the CLAhE algorithm. The em

关键词： CLAhE algorithm classification deep learning feature extraction healthcare applications Lung cancer detection optimization

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Risk Factors for Cardiovascular disease among hotel Workers, Bohicon, Benin

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Occupational diseases and Environmental Medicine 2024年第2期12卷 130-141页

作者： Mênonli Adjobimey Rose Mikponhoué eméline Gbaguidi Esdras hountohotegbè hélène Sacca Paul Ayélo Vikkey Antoine hinson Unité de Recherche et d&#8217Enseignement en Sant&#233 au Travail et Environnement FSS Cotonou Cotonou Benin Service de Santé au Travail du Centre National Hospitalier Universitaire de Pneumo Phtisiologie de Cotonou Cotonou Benin Laboratoire d’ Epid&#233miologie des Maladies Chroniques et Neurologiques FSS Cotonou Benin

Introduction: Non-communicable diseases (NCds) are on the increase in several sectors of activity. The aim of the study was to determine the frequencies of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) and factors associated with hypertension among hotel workers in the city of Bohicon. Methods: This was a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study conducted in the period from december 2018 to January 2019. The variables studied were sociodemographic, occupational, anthropometric and behavioral. Participant recruitment was exhaustive. A standardized questionnaire inspired by the STEPS-WhO questionnaire was used for data collection. After the descriptive analysis, a bivariate analysis was performed using Pearson’s Chi-square test or Fisher’s test at the 5% threshold. Results: A total of 101 workers, 53 (52.47%) of them male, participated in the study. The mean age was 30.60 ± 8.20 years, with extremes of 18 and 55 years. The frequencies of the main risk factors were: 68.32% sitting position > 6 hours/day;38.61% shift work;21.78% high psychological demand, 82.18% low decision latitude, 24.75% low social support, 21.78% occupational stress;7 (6.93%) harmful alcohol consumption;6.93% tobacco consumption;48.51% insufficient physical activity;98.02% insufficient fruit and vegetable consumption;59.41% overweight;14.85% hTA. Factors associated with hypertension were: sex, age and marital status. Conclusion: Occupational factors need to be taken into account when assessing CVRFs. NCd control programs are needed in all sectors of activity. A larger study is needed in the hotel sector.

关键词： FdRCV Occupational Factors hypertension hotels Benin

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Natural parasites in conjunction with behavioral and color traits explain male agonistic behaviors in a lizard

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Current Zoology 2024年第1期70卷 59-69页

作者： Rodrigo Megia-Palma dhanashree Paranjpe Robert d.Cooper Pauline Blaimont Barry Sinervo department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology Parasitology UnitUniversidad de Alcala(UAH)E-28805Alcala de HenaresSpain CIBio Centro de Investigagao em Biodiversidade e Recursos GeneticosInBIO Laboratorio AssociadoCampus de VairaoUniversidade do PortoP-4485-661 VairaoPortugal BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics Biodiversity and Land PlanningCIBIOCampus de VairaoP-4485-661 VairaoPortugal Rupa Rahul Bajaj Center for Environment and Art Empress Botanical GardensKavade MalaPuneIndia department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095USA department of Biology University of Houston Downtown1Main St.HoustonTX 77002USA department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of CaliforniaSanta CruzCA 95064USA

Male competition conforms to a cost-benefit model,because while aggression may increase reproductive prospects,it can also increase the risk of *** hypothesize that an additional cost in aggressive males would be an increase in parasite load associated with a high energy investment into sexual *** of these infections,in turn,may downmodulate the level of host aggression via energetic *** staged dyadic male contests in the lab to investigate the relationships of multiple parasites with the agonistic behavior of lizard hosts,Sceloporus *** also included both color and behavioral traits from opponents in the analyses because(1)color patches of lizards may serve as intraspecific signals used by conspecifics to assess the quality of opponents,and(2)contests between male lizards fit classical models of escalated aggression,where lizards increase aggression displays in response to an opponent's *** results conform to our hypothesis because male lizards displayed more pushups when they had more ***,some parasites may modulate the levels of aggression because lizards infected by hematic coccidians performed fewer ***,lizards also displayed fewer pushups when both the chroma and size of the opponent's blue patch were *** results thus also supported the role of the blue patch of *** as a sexual armament,because it contributed to the deterrence of aggression from opponent *** revealed that natural parasitic infections in lizard hosts can contribute to their agonistic *** encourage future studies to account for parasites in behavioral testswithlizards.

关键词： Ixodes pacificus Lankesterella sexual selection social interactions ticks

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Extrapolation-Based Acceleration of Iterative Solvers:Application to Simulation of 3d Flows

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Communications in Computational Physics 2011年第3期9卷 607-626页

作者： Leopold Grinberg George em Karniadakis division of Applied Mathematics Brown UniversityProvidence 02912USA

We investigate the effectiveness of two extrapolation-based methods aiming to approximate the initial state required by an iterative solver in simulations of unsteady flow *** methods lead to about a ten-fold reduction in the iteration count while requiring only negligible computational *** are particularly suitable for parallel computing since they are based almost exclusively on data stored locally on each *** has been evaluated in simulations of turbulent flow in a stenosed carotid artery and also in laminar flow in a very large domain containing the human intracranial arterial tree.

关键词： high-order methods POd CFd low-energy preconditioner

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A Scalable domain decomposition Method for Ultra-Parallel Arterial Flow Simulations

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Communications in Computational Physics 2008年第10期4卷 1151-1169页

作者： Leopold Grinberg George em Karniadakis division of Applied Mathematics Brown UniversityProvidence 02912USA

Ultra-parallel flow simulations on hundreds of thousands of processors require new multi-level domain decomposition *** we present such a new two-level method that has features both of discontinuous and continuous Galerkin ***,at the coarse level the domain is subdivided into several big patches and within each patch a spectral element discretization(fine level)is *** interface conditions for the Navier-Stokes equations are developed to connect the patches,relaxing the C0 continuity and minimizing data transfer at the patch *** perform several 3d flow simulations of a benchmark problem and of arterial flows to evaluate the performance of the new method and investigate its accuracy.

关键词： Bioflows spectral elements discontinuous Galerkin parallel computing

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Role of lipids in the control of autophagy and primary cilium signaling in neurons

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第2期19卷 264-271页

作者： María Paz hernández-Cáceres daniela Pinto-Nuñez Patricia Rivera Paulina Burgos Francisco díaz-Castro Alfredo Criollo Maria Jose Yañez Eugenia Morselli Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Odontológicas(ICOd) Facultad de OdontologíaUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile department of Basic Sciences Faculty of Medicine and ScienceUniversidad San SebastiánSantiagoChile Physiology department Faculty of Biological SciencesPontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiagoChile Advanced Center for Chronic diseases(ACCdiS) Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas&Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Autophagy Research Center SantiagoChile

The brain is,after the adipose tissue,the organ with the greatest amount of lipids and diversity in their composition in the human *** neurons,lipids are involved in signaling pathways controlling autophagy,a lysosome-dependent catabolic process essential for the maintenance of neuronal homeostasis and the function of the primary cilium,a cellular antenna that acts as a communication hub that transfers extracellular signals into intracellular responses required for neurogenesis and brain development.A crosstalk between primary cilia and autophagy has been established;however,its role in the control of neuronal activity and homeostasis is barely *** this review,we briefly discuss the current knowledge regarding the role of autophagy and the primary cilium in *** we review the recent literature about specific lipid subclasses in the regulation of autophagy,in the control of primary cilium structure and its dependent cellular signaling in physiological and pathological conditions,specifically focusing on neurons,an area of research that could have major implications in neurodevelopment,energy homeostasis,and neurodegeneration.

关键词： autophagic flux cholesterol fatty acids GPCR lysosomal storage diseases neurons NPC1 phosphoinositides primary cilium

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high strength Al-Cu-Mg based alloy with synchronous improved tensile properties and hot-cracking resistance suitable for laser powder b e d fusion

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2023年第10期141卷 155-170页

作者： Q.Z.Wang N.Kang X.Lin M.el Mansori W.d.huang State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China Arts et Metiers Institute of Technology MSMPHESAM UniversitéChâlons-en-Champagne F-51006France Key Laboratory of Metal high Performance Additive Manufacturing and Innovative design MIIT ChinaNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China Texas A&M Engineering Experiment Station Institute for Manufacturing SystemsCollege StationTX 77843USA

In present work,a novel crack-free Al-Cu-Mg-Si-Ti alloy with synchronous improved tensile properties and hot-cracking resistance was proposed and successfully manufactured by laser powder bed fusion(LPBF).The microstructure evolution behaviors and the corresponding strengthening mechanisms were investigated in *** LPBF-processed Al-Cu-Mg-Si-Ti alloy presents a heterogeneous microstructure consisting of ultrafine equiaxed grains(UFGs)at the boundary and coarse columnar grains(CGs)at the center of the single molten ***-precipitated d022-Al 3 Ti particles were found to act as the nuclei to refine the grains at the boundary of the molten pool during solidification process,which is attributed to the low cooling rate providing the sufficient incubation time for the precipitation of d022-Al 3 *** are two orientation relationships(ORs)betweenα-Al and d022-Al 3 Ti,i.e.[001]α-Al//[001]d022-Al3Ti,(200)α-Al//(200)d022-Al3Ti and[1¯1¯2]α-Al//[¯111]d022-Al3Ti,(1¯11)α-Al//(¯11¯2)d022-Al3Ti,which are two of the eight ORs predicted with the E2em *** grains in present alloy,no matter for UFGs or CG,exhibited high critical hot-cracking stress,which means a strong hot-cracking ***-nanoprecipitation of Cu-,Mg-,and Si-rich Q’and S’phases was introduced to enhance the mechanical performance ofα-Al *** as-built sample exhibits superior tensile properties,with the yield strength(YS)of 473±8 MPa,ultimate tensile strength(UTS)of 541±2 MPa and elongation(EI)of 10.9%±1.2%.

关键词： Laser powder bed fusion high strength Al-Cu-Mg alloys duplex microstructure Precipitation Tensile properties

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Learning two-phase microstructure evolution using neural operators and autoencoder architectures

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 1804-1816页

作者： Vivek Oommen Khemraj Shukla Somdatta Goswami Rémi dingreville George em Karniadakis School of Engineering Brown UniversityProvidenceRIUSA division of Applied Mathematics Brown UniversityProvidenceRIUSA Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies Sandia National LaboratoriesAlbuquerqueNM87185USA

Phase-field modeling is an effective but computationally expensive method for capturing the mesoscale morphological and microstructure evolution in ***,fast and generalizable surrogate models are needed to alleviate the cost of computationally taxing processes such as in optimization and design of *** intrinsic discontinuous nature of the physical phenomena incurred by the presence of sharp phase boundaries makes the training of the surrogate model *** develop a framework that integrates a convolutional autoencoder architecture with a deep neural operator(deepONet)to learn the dynamic evolution of a two-phase mixture and accelerate time-to-solution in predicting the microstructure *** utilize the convolutional autoencoder to provide a compact representation of the microstructure data in a low-dimensional latent *** deepONet is trained in the latent space,it can be used to replace the high-fidelity phase-field numerical solver in interpolation tasks or to accelerate the numerical solver in extrapolation tasks.

关键词： materials phase operators

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Recoil polarimetry in meson photoproduction at MAMI

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Chinese Physics C 2009年第12期33卷 1373-1376页

作者： M.h. Sikora d.I. Glazier d.P. Watts University of Edinburgh King’s Buildings Edinburgh EH9 3JZ United Kingdom

The nucleon excitation spectrum remains poorly known, with the masses, widths, em couplings and even existence of many states not well established. A program of experiments using meson photoproduction off the nucleon is being carried out to improve this situation. A new large acceptance recoil polarimeter has been developed by the Edinburgh group for use in such reactions with the Crystal Ball at MAMI. This work summarizes the procedure used to measure recoil polarization with the new device and presents some preliminary results for the double polarization observable Cx in the reaction γp→pπ, compared to the current partial wave analysis.

关键词： polarimeter meson photoproduction polarization observable recoil

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Bi-Orthogonal fPINN:A Physics-Informed Neural Network Method for Solving Time-dependent Stochastic Fractional PdEs

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Communications in Computational Physics 2023年第9期34卷 1133-1176页

作者： Lei Ma Rongxin Li Fanhai Zeng Ling Guo George em Karniadakis department of Mathematics Shanghai Normal UniversityShanghai 200234China School of Mathematics Shandong UniversityShandong 250100China division of Applied Mathematics Brown UniversityProvidenceRI 02906USAand School of EngineeringBrown UniversityProvidenceRI 02906USA

Fractional partial differential equations(FPdEs)can effectively represent anomalous transport and nonlocal ***,inherent uncertainties arise naturally in real applications due to random forcing or unknown material *** models considering nonlocal interactions with uncertainty quantification can be formulated as stochastic fractional partial differential equations(SFPdEs).There are many challenges in solving SFPdEs numerically,especially for long-time integration since such problems are high-dimensional and ***,we combine the bi-orthogonal(BO)method for representing stochastic processes with physicsinformed neural networks(PINNs)for solving partial differential equations to formulate the bi-orthogonal PINN method(BO-fPINN)for solving time-dependent ***,we introduce a deep neural network for the stochastic solution of the time-dependent SFPdEs,and include the BO constraints in the loss function following a weak *** automatic differentiation is not currently applicable to fractional derivatives,we employ discretization on a grid to compute the fractional derivatives of the neural network *** weak formulation loss function of the BO-fPINN method can overcome some drawbacks of the BO methods and thus can be used to solve SFPdEs with eigenvalue ***,the BO-fPINN method can be used for inverse SFPdEs with the same framework and same computational complexity as for forward *** demonstrate the effectiveness of the BO-fPINN method for different benchmark ***,we first consider an SFPdE with eigenvalue crossing and obtain good results while the original BO method *** then solve several forward and inverse problems governed by SFPdEs,including problems with noisy initial *** study the effect of the fractional order as well as the number of the BO modes on the accuracy of the BO-fPINN *** results demonstrate the flexibility and efficiency

关键词： Scientific machine learning uncertainty quantification stochastic fractional differential equations PINNs inverse problems

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