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metabolic-associated fatty liver disease and sarcopenia:A double whammy

World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第2期16卷 152-163页

作者： Aditya Viswanath Sherouk fouda Cornelius James Fernandez Joseph m Pappachan School of medicine Leicester UniversityLeicester LE17RHUnited Kingdom School of Health and Biomedical Sciences Rmit UniversityMelbourne VICAustralia Department of Endocrinology and metabolism Pilgrim HospitalUnited Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS TrustBoston PE219QSUnited Kingdom Department of Endocrinology and metabolism Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustPreston PR29HTUnited Kingdom Faculty of Science Manchester Metropolitan UniversityManchester M156BHUnited Kingdom Faculty of Biology Medicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUnited Kingdom

The prevalence of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease(mAFLD)has increased substantially in recent years because of the global obesity ***,now recognized as the number one cause of chronic liver disease in the world,not only increases liver-related morbidity and mortality among sufferers but also worsens the complications associated with other comorbid conditions such as cardiovascular disease,type 2 diabetes mellitus,obstructive sleep apnoea,lipid disorders and *** the interplay between mAFLD and these comorbidities is important to design optimal therapeutic *** can be either part of the disease process that results in mAFLD(e.g.,obesity or adiposity)or a consequence of mAFLD,especially in the advanced stages such as fibrosis and *** can also worsen mAFLD by reducing exercise capacity and by the production of various muscle-related chemical ***,it is crucial to thoroughly understand how we deal with these diseases,especially when they *** explore the pathobiological interlinks between mAFLD and sarcopenia in this comprehensive clinical update review article and propose evidence-based therapeutic strategies to enhance patient care.

关键词： metabolic-associated fatty liver disease Sarcopenia Sarcopenic obesity Lean metabolic-associated fatty liver disease Cardiovascular disease Liver-muscle axis

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Rubber band ligation for 750 cases of symptomatic hemorrhoids out of 2200 cases

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第42期14卷 6525-6530页

作者： Ayman m El Nakeeb Amir A Fikry Waleed H Omar elyamani m fouda Tito A El metwally Hosam E Ghazy Sabry A Badr mohmed Y Abu Elkhar Salih m Elawady Hisham H Abd Elmoniam Waiel W Khafagy mosaad m morshed Ramadan E El Lithy mohamed E Farid Department of General Surgery Colorectal unit Mansoura University Hospital Mansoura 335111 Egypt

AIm: To study the results for the treatment of symptomatic hemorrhoids using rubber band ligation (RBL) method. mETHODS: A retrospective study for 750 patients who came to the colorectal unit from June, 1998 to September, 2006, data was retrieved from archived fi les. RBL was performed using the mc Gown applicator on an outpatient basis. The patients were asked to return to out-patient clinic for follow up at 2 wk, 1 mo, 6 mo and through telephone call every 6 mo for 2 years). RESULTS: After RBL, 696 patients (92.8%) were cured with no difference in outcome for second or third degree hemorrhoids (P = 0.31). Symptomatic recurrence was detected in 11.04% after 2 years. A total of 52 patients (6.93%) had 77 complications from RBL which required no hospitalization. Complications were pain, rectal bleeding and vaso-vagal symptoms(4.13%, 4.13% and 1.33% of patients, respectively). At 1 mo there were a significant improvement in mean SF-36 scores over baseline in five items, while after 2 years there were improvement in all items over baseline, but not significant. No significant manometeric changes after band ligation. CONCLUSION: RBL is a simple, safe and effective method for treating symptomatic second and third degree hemorrhoids as an out patient procedure with signifi cant improvement in quality of life. RBL doesn't alter ano-rectal functions.

关键词：痔疮直肠出血痔切除术症状

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Collaborative Efforts and Strategies for Cholera Outbreak Control in Garissa County, Kenya: Implementation of Water Quality monitoring Interventions

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2024年第2期16卷 123-139页

作者： michael Habtu mark Nanyingi Ali A. Hassan Abdiwahid m. Noor Joel mutyandia muli Alan mwika Julius Wekesa Ahmed Fidhow Diba Dulacha Landry Kabego Ishata Nannie Conteh Andre Arsene Bita fouda Sonia Chene Aden H. Ibrahim Ahmed Nadhir Omar martins C. Livinus Abdourahmane Diallo World Health Organization Nairobi Kenya Department of Health Garissa County Government Garissa Kenya Water Resources Authority Garissa Kenya World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa Brazzaville Congo Regional Agency for Health Dijon France

A multi-faceted Case Area Targeted Intervention (CATI) approach emphasizing the integration of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) interventions and Oral Cholera Vaccine (OCV) campaign was employed to respond to the outbreak of cholera in Garissa County. Drinking water sources in areas heavily impacted by cholera were systematically mapped and tested for microbiological quality. The quality assessment was carried out in April 2023 during an ongoing cholera outbreak in the county. A total of 109 samples were collected and tested for thermotolerant coliforms and other in situ parameters. The finding revealed that more than 87% of the samples did not meet the World Health Organization (WHO) standard for thermotolerant coliforms;and 30% had turbidity values above the recommended threshold values. None of the 109 samples had any traceable residual chlorine. Following these findings, the county government implemented the targeted interventions which resulted in a positive impact in the fight against cholera. The WHO supported key interventions which included capacity building in water quality monitoring and prepositioning of critical WASH commodities to the cholera affected areas.

关键词： Cholera Drinking Water Household Water Treatment Kenya

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Clinical implications of COVID-19 in patients with metabolicassociated fatty liver disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2023年第3期29卷 487-502页

作者： mohammad Sadiq Jeeyavudeen Rahul Chaudhari Joseph m Pappachan Sherouk fouda Department of Endocrinology and metabolism University Hospitals of EdinburghEdinburgh EH42XUUnited Kingdom Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology and NutritionVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA 23298United States Department of Endocrinology and metabolism Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustPreston PR29HTUnited Kingdom Faculty of Science Manchester Metropolitan UniversityManchester M156BHUnited Kingdom Faculty of Biology Medicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUnited Kingdom School of Health and Biomedical Sciences RMIT UniversityMelbourne VICAustralia

People across the world are affected by the"coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)",brought on by the"SARS-CoV type-2 coronavirus".Due to its high incidence in individuals with diabetes,metabolic syndrome,and metabolic-associated fatty liver disease(mAFLD),COVID-19 has gained much *** metabolic syndrome's hepatic manifestation,mAFLD,carries a significant risk of *** link between the above two conditions has also drawn increasing consideration since mAFLD is intricately linked to the obesity *** of the metabolic syndrome,mAFLD may impact the severity of the viral infections,including COVID-19 or may even be a risk *** important question is whether the present COVID-19 pandemic has been fueled by the obesity and mAFLD *** liver markers are seen elevated in *** patients with associated comorbid conditions like obesity,cardiovascular disease,renal disease,malignancy,hypertension,and old age are prone to develop severe *** is an urgent need for more studies to determine the link between the two conditions and whether it might account for racial differences in the mortality and morbidity rates linked to *** role of innate and adaptive immunity alterations in mAFLD patients may influence the severity of *** review investigates the implications of COVID-19 on liver injury and disease severity and *** also addressed the severity of COVID-19 in patients with prior mAFLD and its potential implications and therapeutic administration in the clinical setting.

关键词： metabolic-associated fatty liver disease COVID-19 metabolic syndrome Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis Angiotensin converting enzyme 2

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Botulinum toxin augmented bilateral lateral rectus recession versus three muscles surgery in large-angle intermittent exotropia

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2022年第10期15卷 1665-1670页

作者： Hala Kamal mattout Sameh mosaad fouda Wael m El-Haig Department of Ophthalmology Faculty of MedicineZagazig UniversityZagazig 44519Egypt

AIm: To report the surgical outcomes of correcting large angle intermittent exotropia in adult patients by bilateral lateral rectus muscle recession with intraoperative use of botulinum toxin and to compare the results with those of bilateral lateral rectus muscle recession and unilateral medial rectus resection. mETHODS: The medical records of patients who underwent surgical correction of large angle intermittent exotropia [exotropia >50 prism dioptre(PD)] were retrospectively reviewed. Two groups of patients were identified;Group Ⅰ(21 patients) had bilateral lateral recti recession augmented with intraoperative botulinum toxin A(BTA) injection into the recessed muscles and group Ⅱ(30 patients) were treated by bilateral lateral recti recession with unilateral medial rectus muscle resection. Preoperative data were extracted for age, gender, refraction, type of exotropia, angle of stereopsis and angle of deviation. The main outcome measures were the postoperative angle of deviation and stereoacuity angle by Titmus test measured at the end of one year of postoperative follow up. RESULTS: By the end of the first postoperative year, 10 patients in group Ⅰ(47.6%) and 20 patients in group Ⅱ(66.7%) achieved esotropia/esophoria mproved stereopsis;this difference in the sensory outcome was not statistically significant(P=0.8). In the BTA augmented surgery group, good stereoacuity and smaller preoperative angle of deviation were associated with significantly higher surgical success rate(P=0.004, 0.01 respectively). CONCLUSION: BTA augmented bilateral lateral recti recession is associated with higher rate of undercorrection as compared to bilateral lateral recti recession with unilater

关键词： botulinum toxin intermittent exotropia large angle deviation augmented surgery

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management of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease: The diabetology perspective

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2023年第1期29卷 126-143页

作者： mohammad Sadiq Jeeyavudeen Shahanas K A Khan Sherouk fouda Joseph m Pappachan Department of Endocrinology and metabolism University Hospitals of EdinburghEdinburgh EH42XUUnited Kingdom Department of Endocrinology and metabolism Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustPreston PR29HTUnited Kingdom School of Health and Biomedical Sciences RMIT UniversityMelbourneVIC 3046Australia Faculty of Science Manchester Metropolitan UniversityManchester M156BHUnited Kingdom Faculty of Biology University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUnited Kingdom

The metabolic syndrome as a consequence of the obesity pandemic resulted in a substantial increase in the prevalence of metabolic-associated fatty live disease(mAFLD)and type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2Dm).Because of the similarity in pathobiology shared between T2Dm and mAFLD,both disorders coexist in many patients and may potentiate the disease-related outcomes with rapid progression and increased complications of the individual *** fact,awareness about this coexistence and the risk of complications are often overlooked by both hepatologists and *** of these individual disorders in a patient should be addressed wholistically using an appropriate multidisciplinary team approach involving both the specialists and,when necessary,liaising with dieticians and *** comprehensive review is to compile the current evidence from a diabetologist's perspective on mAFLD and T2Dm and to suggest optimal management strategies.

关键词： metabolic syndrome metabolic-associated fatty liver disease Type 2 diabetes mellitus Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Diabetology perspective Obesity

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Pregnancy and metabolic-associated Fatty Liver Disease:A Clinical Update

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2022年第5期10卷 947-954页

作者： Sherouk fouda madhu mathew Vennikandam Joseph m.Pappachan Cornelius J.Fernandez School of Health and Biomedical Sciences RMIT UniversityMelbourneVICAustralia Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Sparrow HospitalMichigan State University College of Human MedicineLansingMIUSA Department of Endocrinology and metabolism Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustPrestonUK Faculty of Science Manchester Metropolitan UniversityManchesterUK Faculty of Biology Medicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK Department of Endocrinology&metabolism Pilgrim HospitalBostonUK

The intricate relationship between metabolic-associated fatty liver disease(mAFLD)and maternal complications has rapidly become a significant health threat in pregnant *** presence of mAFLD in pregnancy increases the maternal risk of metabolic complications and comorbidities for both mother and *** preexistence or development of mAFLD in pregnancy is a complex multifactorial disorder that can lead to further complications for mother and ***,as pregnant women are severely underrepresented in clinical research,there is a great need for a fair inclusion of this group in clinical *** review aims to explore the effects of mAFLD during pregnancy in the context of maternal complications and outcomes and explore the effects of pregnancy on the development and progression of mAFLD within the context of maternal obesity,altered metabolic profiles,gestational diabetes and altered hormonal *** also addressed potential implications for the presence of mAFLD during pregnancy and its management in the clinical setting.

关键词： metabolic-associated fatty liver disease Pregnancy maternal complications Fatty liver

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A flexible capacitive photoreceptor for the biomimetic retina

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Light(Science & Applications) 2022年第1期11卷 38-49页

作者： mani Teja Vijjapu mohammed E.fouda Agamyrat Agambayev Chun Hong Kang Chun-Ho Lin Boon S.Ooi Jr-Hau He Ahmed m.Eltawil Khaled N.Salama Sensors lab Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials CenterComputerElectrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering DivisionKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST)Thuwal 23955-6900Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Communication and Computing Systems Lab ComputerElectrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering DivisionKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST)Thuwal 23955-6900Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of California-IrvineIrvineCA 92612USA Department of Electrical Computer and Energy EngineeringArizona State UniversityTempeAZUSA Computer Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering DivisionKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST)Thuwal 23955-6900Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Department of materials Science and Engineering City University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina

Neuromorphic vision sensors have been extremely beneficial in developing energy-efficient intelligent systems for robotics and privacy-preserving security *** is a dire need for devices to mimic the retina's photoreceptors that encode the light illumination into a sequence of spikes to develop such ***,we develop a hybrid perovskite-based flexible photoreceptor whose capacitance changes proportionally to the light intensity mimicking the retina's rod cells,paving the way for developing an efficient artificial retina *** proposed device constitutes a hybrid nanocomposite of perovskites(methyl-ammonium lead bromide)and the ferroelectric terpolymer(polyvinylidene fluoride trifluoroethylene-chlorofluoroethylene).A metal-insulator-metal type capacitor with the prepared composite exhibits the unique and photosensitive capacitive behavior at various light intensities in the visible light *** proposed photoreceptor mimics the spectral sensitivity curve of human photopic *** hybrid nanocomposite is stable in ambient air for 129 weeks,with no observable degradation of the composite due to the encapsulation of hybrid perovskites in the hydrophobic *** functionality of the proposed photoreceptor to recognize handwritten digits(mNIST)dataset using an unsupervised trained spiking neural network with 72.05%recognition accuracy is *** demonstration proves the potential of the proposed sensor for neuromorphic vision applications.

关键词： perovskite illumination preserving

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Effects of feeding rate and formula fineness degree of ring die pellet mill on mechanical property, physical quality, energy requirements, and production cost of poultry diets

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2023年第3期16卷 30-36页

作者： Khaled A.metwally Reda I.Zaki Sally S.fouda Reem S.Alruhaimi Haifa A.Alqhtani Nouf Aldawood Ayman m.mahmoud mohammed A.E.Naiel Department of Soil and Water Sciences Faculty of Technology and DevelopmentZagazig University44511Egypt Fish Nutrition and Feed Technology Department Central Laboratory for Aquaculture ResearchAgriculture Research CenterAbbassa 44661Abu-HammedSharkiaEgypt Bio Engineering Department Agricultural Engineering Research Institute(AENRI)Agriculture Research CenterEgypt Department of Biology College of SciencePrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityRiyadh 11671Saudi Arabia Physiology Division Zoology DepartmentFaculty of ScienceBeni-Suef UniversityBeni-Suef 62514Egypt Department of Life Sciences Faculty of Science and EngineeringManchester Metropolitan UniversityManchester M15GDUK Department of Animal Production Faculty of AgricultureZagazig UniversityZagazig 44511Egypt

The effect of a machine feeding rate(FR;1,1.5 and 2 mg/h)and/or three levels of selected fineness degree(FD;3,5 and 7 mm)on machine performance,pellet physical parameters,required energy and production cost of three main types of broilers diets were examined in this *** examined broiler diets were formulated to meet the Ross 308 strain requirements.A complete factorial design(3×3×3)was used to identify the effects of studied factors on the pellet mill machine and pellet *** obtained results indicated that the pellet mill productivity significantly(p˂0.001)improved through increased pellet mill feeding rate *** addition,the machine pelleting efficiency was found to be significantly affected by all studied variables and their *** the total power consumption of the machine showed no variations under the impact of the tested factors or with any of their *** the pellet physical quality indices,all broiler diets with all selected FD and lower FR had the maximum durability and bulk density ***,lower feeding rates were associated with higher hardness *** lowest production costs were substantially correlated with high FR and intermediate FD(5 mm).Furthermore,production costs were determined to be reduced in finisher broiler diets under different feeding ***,manufacturing costs of finisher broiler meals were observed to decrease in several feeding ***,these findings indicate the capabilities of producing high-quality pellets and reducing the needed production costs by optimizing feeding rates to 2 mg/h and 2 mm fineness in broiler diets.

关键词： feeding rate fineness degree broiler diets pellet quality production cost

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metabolic complications of hepatitis C virus infection

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第13期27卷 1267-1282页

作者： Rahul Chaudhari Sherouk fouda Ashik Sainu Joseph m Pappachan Department of medicine Pennsylvania Hospital of the University of PennsylvaniaPennsylvaniaPA 19104United States School of Health and Biomedical Sciences RMIT UniversityMelbourne VIC 3000Australia Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Aster Oman HospitalAl GhubraMuscat OM 133Oman Department of Endocrinology and metabolism Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustPreston PR29HTUnited Kingdom Faculty of Science Manchester Metropolitan UniversityManchester M156BHUnited Kingdom Faculty of Biology Medicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUnited Kingdom

Hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection is a systemic disease that is implicated in multiple extrahepatic organ dysfunction contributing to its protean manifestations. HCV is associated with diverse extrahepatic disorders including atherosclerosis, glucose and lipid metabolic disturbances, alterations in the iron metabolic pathways, and lymphoproliferative diseases over and above the traditional liver manifestations of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The orchestration between HCV major proteins and the liver-muscle-adipose axis, poses a major burden on the global health of human body organs, if not adequately addressed. The close and inseparable associations between chronic HCV infection, metabolic disease, and cardiovascular disorders are specifically important considering the increasing prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome, and their economic burden to patients, the healthcare systems, and society. Cellular and molecular mechanisms governing the interplay of these organs and tissues in health and disease are therefore of significant interest. The coexistence of metabolic disorders and chronic hepatitis C infection also enhances the progression to liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The presence of metabolic disorders is believed to influence the chronicity and virulence of HCV leading to liver disease progression. This comprehensive review highlights current knowledge on the metabolic manifestations of hepatitis C and the potential pathways in which these metabolic changes can influence the natural history of the disease.

关键词： Chronic hepatitis C infection Insulin resistance metabolic syndrome Cardiovascular diseases Fatty liver Diabetes mellitus

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