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Socio-Economic and Technical Characteristics of Beef Cattle Breeding in Ndé Division, West Region of Cameroon

Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2023年第3期13卷 379-397页

作者： David Fokom Wauffo Geraud C. Tasse Taboue Brenda M. Tsana Nantia Gina France Djoumessi Tobou elvis Ndukong Ndzi Abdou S. Nsangou Mohamed M. F. Ndebé Brice h. T. Fokouong Frank D. k. Wouembe Suzy G. Tsoupou kuete kingsley M. Tanyi kingsley A. Etchu Fernand Tendongkeng Multipurpose Research Station Institute of Agricultural Research for Development Bangangté Cameroon Department of Animal Production Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon Environment and Communities Care Front Bafoussam Cameroon Specialized Research Station on Marine Ecosystems Institute of Agricultural Research for Development Kribi Cameroon Institute of Agricultural Research for Development Head Office Yaoundé Cameroon

Insight is here provided into the socio-economic and technical characteristics of cattle production in the Ndé Division (West Cameroon region). Using a semi-structured questionnaire, information on the activity was assessed following onsite visits and interviewing breeders. Through a random sampling scheme, 110 breeders in the four subdivisions of the Ndé Division were shadowed. The majority (98.18%) of breeders were men aged 20 to 40 and married (91.82%). They belong to the Mbororo ethnic group, having cumulated more than 10 years in the activity. Most respondents (50.91%) did not attend school and earn their living mainly from livestock (78.18%). Cattle were raised for sale and to feed the breeder’s family (77.27%). The main mode of acquisition of animals was through inheritance (81.82%). The cattle breeds were mostly made up of white Fulani (70%), living in private farms using a combination of stake and barbed wires (67.27%) as fences. The combination of natural fodder and cooking salt was used by most breeders (59.09%) as a daily ration. Reproduction was by natural mating (97.07%). Parasites (internal and external) and foot-and-mouth disease were the main diseases reported by the majority of farmers. Self-treatment (50%) was the main prophylactic measure taken by farmers in case of disease symptoms. Cattle herders faced several challenges, such as insufficient pasture (67.27%), agro-pastoral conflicts (76.36%) and diseases (90.91%). Cattle breeding was rather a widespread activity with no particular restriction.

关键词： Cattle Breeding Socio-Economic Breeding Technical Characteristics Constraints Cameroon

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Molecular Diversity of the human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 in Metropolitan Cities in Central Africa: An Update of Data

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World Journal of AIDS 2020年第2期10卷 80-93页

作者： Ben Ilunga Bulanda Berry Ikolango Bongenya Adawaye Chatte elvis Tshunza kateba Jean-Yves Debels kabasele Médard Okonda Omakoy Divine Chuga Christian Tshibumbu Idriss Mwanaut Erick Ntambwe kamangu Research Group “Focus hIV/AIDS” Kinshasa Democratic Republic of Congo University Institute of Sciences and Technologies of Abéché Abéché Chad Service of Molecular Biochemistry Department of Basic Sciences Faculty of Medicine University of Kinshasa Kinshasa Democratic Republic of Congo

The human Immunodeficiency Virus (hIV) has a diversity that is equal to the complexity of its management. The group M (Major) is the dominant group in Sub-Saharan Africa and its distribution is very heterogeneous;the diversity of the virus is more heterogeneous in this region than elsewhere in the world which follows a complex and specific algorithm because of geographical positions and countries. This distribution is very dynamic, evolving and unpredictable. This review aimed to expose the specifics of the hIV Type 1 epidemic in Central Africa, in terms of the different molecular variants of hIV published for the region compared to the geographic location. Both Type 1 and Type 2 of hIV are prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa due to distinct geographical contexts. hIV-2 is mainly documented in West and Central Africa, particularly in Cameroon, Guinea-Bissau, Gambia, Senegal, Ivory Coast and Burkina-Faso however hIV-1 infection is widely distributed across the continent. The hIV-1 epidemic in Sub-Saharan Africa is dominated by the Group M. The different subtypes respect a certain geographical distribution across the continent. West Africa is dominated by subtype A, East and South Africa are dominated by subtype C, while Central Africa is dominated by strains A, C, D, F, h, J, CRF01-AE and CRF02-AG. This review is the first to present de molecular diversity of hIV-1 in metropolitan cities in all central African countries. The Circulating Recombinant Form (CRF02_AG) and subtypes A and G are present in all Central African countries and are also the most commonly encountered;followed by the subtypes D, F, G, C, B, J, k and several Circulating Recombinant Forms that are not represented in all Central African countries.

关键词： Molecular Diversity hIV Sub-Saharan Countries Metropolitan Cities

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A database of experimentally measured lithium solid electrolyte conductivities evaluated with machine learning

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npj Computational Materials 2023年第1期9卷 2265-2278页

作者： Cameron J.hargreaves Michael W.Gaultois Luke M.Daniels Emma J.Watts Vitaliy A.kurlin Michael Moran Yun Dang Rhun Morris Alexandra Morscher kate Thompson Matthew A.Wright Beluvalli-Eshwarappa Prasad Frédéric Blanc Chris M.Collins Catriona A.Crawford Benjamin B.Duff Jae Evans Jacinthe Gamon Guopeng han Bernhard T.Leube hongjun Niu Arnaud J.Perez Aris Robinson Oliver Rogan Paul M.Sharp elvis Shoko Manel Sonni William J.Thomas Andrij Vasylenko Lu Wang Matthew J.Rosseinsky Matthew S.Dyer Department of Chemistry University of LiverpoolLiverpool L697ZDUK Leverhulme Research Centre for Functional Materials Design Materials Innovation FactoryUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpool L73NYUK Department of Computer Science University of LiverpoolLiverpool L693BXUK Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy University of LiverpoolLiverpool L697ZFUK

The application of machine learning models to predict material properties is determined by the availability of high-quality *** present an expert-curated dataset of lithium ion conductors and associated lithium ion conductivities measured by *** *** dataset has 820 entries collected from 214 sources;entries contain a chemical composition,an expert-assigned structural label,and ionic conductivity at a specific temperature(from 5 to 873°C).There are 403 unique chemical compositions with an associated ionic conductivity near room temperature(15–35°C).The materials contained in this dataset are placed in the context of compounds reported in the Inorganic Crystal Structure Database with unsupervised machine learning and the Element Movers *** dataset is used to train a CrabNet-based classifier to estimate whether a chemical composition has high or low ionic *** classifier is a practical tool to aid experimentalists in prioritizing candidates for further investigation as lithium ion conductors.

关键词： spectroscopy lithium classifier

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