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Life Cycle Assessment of Cashew Nutshell Briquettes Produced in Côte d’Ivoire

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open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第9期14卷 2411-2430页

作者： Bi Tra Désiré Zinla Ekoun Paul Magloire Koffi Kamenan Blaise koua Kpeusseu Angeline kouambla Epse Yeo Prosper Gbaha laboratoire des Procds Industriels de Synthse de lEnvironnement et des Energies Nouvelles Institut National Polytechnique Felix Houphout-Boigny Yamoussoukro Cte dIvoire laboratoire des Sciences de la Matire de lEnvironnement et de lEnergie Solaire Unit de Formation et de Recherche des Sciences des Structures de la Matire et de Technologie Universit Felix Houphout-Boigny Abidjan Cte dIvoire

Now one of the main cash crops in Côte d’Ivoire, the cashew tree feeds an entire industrial sector based on the processing of its fruit. This processing generates a large volume of waste, consisting of cashew nutshells, the management of which poses environmental problems. With the aim of replacing charcoal and firewood with more environmentally friendly fuels, several studies are currently being carried out into the optimal use of cashew shells in fuel briquettes. To assess the environmental sustainability of these briquettes, this study calculates the environmental impacts associated with their life cycle, compares them with those of charcoal and firewood, and identifies the processes that contribute most to environmental pollution, with a view to improving them. Analysis of the results showed that cashew nutshell briquettes emit a range of pollutants over their life cycle that damage the environment and are responsible for the 7 impact categories considered: acidification, eutrophication, freshwater aquatic ecotoxicity, global warming, human toxicity, photochemical oxidation and terrestrial ecotoxicity potential. However, they are more environmentally friendly than charcoal and firewood for 5 impact categories: freshwater aquatic ecotoxicity, global warming, human toxicity, photochemical oxidation and terrestrial ecotoxicity potential. The 3 elementary processes, i.e. transport of biomass raw materials, production, and combustion of briquettes, emit pollutants that contribute most to the creation of environmental impact categories. The most relevant pollutants are nitrogen oxides (Nox), sulphur oxides (Sox) and particulate matter (PM).

关键词： LCA Briquettes Cashew Nutshell Biomass Environmental Impact

Elemental Composition of PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ in the Industrial Area of Yopougon, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2022年第6期13卷 385-397页

作者： Alloman Joseph Popouen Abdelfettah Benchrif Ponaho Claude Kezo Djama Djoman Alfred Agbo Aka Antonin koua Moussa Bounakhla Alain Georges Monnehan laboratoire des Sciences de la Matiè re de l’Environnement et de l’Energie Solaire Universit&eacute Fé lix Houphouë t Boigny Abidjan C&ocirc te d’Ivoire National Centre for Nuclear Energy Science and Technology (CNESTEN) Direction of Studies and Scientific Researches Rabat Morocco laboratoire des Sciences et Technologies de l’Environnement Universit&eacute Jean Lorougnon Gué dé Daloa C&ocirc te d’Ivoire Autorité de Radioprotection de S&ucirc reté et Sé curité Nuclé aires Abidjan C&ocirc te d’Ivoire

This paper describes the evaluation of trace element composition of atmospheric aerosol particles (PM2.5 and PM10) and their influence on air quality in the largest industrial area of Abidjan city, C?te d’Ivoire. Multi-week sampling was conducted in an urban site (industrial area) in Abidjan from April 2018 to July 2019. The mean mass concentration was 48.83 ± 15.24 μg/m3 for PM2.5 and 77.34 ± 10.91 μg/m3 for PM10, with significant temporal variability. The average ratio of PM2.5/PM10 was 0.64 ± 0.21. The concentration of BC in PM2.5 and PM10 was respectively 52.32 ± 7.48 μg/m3 and 52.26 ± 12.07 μg/m3. Twenty-two elements: Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr and Pb were analysed by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF). Elemental composition data were modeled using principal component analysis (PCA) with varimax rotation to determine two (2) and four (4) dominant source categories contributing to PM2.5 and PM10 respectively. In the case of fine particles PM2.5, the possible sources were Industrial activities and non-exhaust emissions, exhaust emissions. The PM10 sources were industrial activities and non-exhaust emissions, industrial processes, mineral dust, and waste combustion.

关键词： Aerosol Particles PM2.5 PM10 EDXRF PCA

Interventional Radiology in Côte d’Ivoire: Analysis and Assessment of the Radiological Risk of the Surgical Team

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open Journal of Applied Sciences 2021年第2期11卷 216-229页

作者： kouakou omer Koudou Djakouri Djoman Djama Alfred Agbo Gogon B. D. L. Huberson Monnehan Georges Alain Aka Antonin koua laboratoire de physique nucléaire et radioprotection Unité de Formation et Recherche Sciences des Structures de la Matière et Technologie université Félix Houphou&#235 t Boigny 22 BP 582 Abidjan C&#244 te d’Ivoire Higher Normal School Abidjan C&#244 te d’Ivoire Autorité de régulation de sureté et de sécurité nucléaires 08 BP 4028 Abidjan 08 Abidjan Cocody—Riviera Bonoumin Rond-Point Alassane Ouattara Abidjan C&#244 te d’Ivoire

Ionizing radiation is widely used in medical practice for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. However, they are not devoid of adverse health effects on exposed operators. Therefore, we propose to assess the radiological risk of the interventional radiology team of the International Polyclinic of Indénié of Abidjan during the procedures of Embolization of uterine fibromyomas. The effective and equivalent doses to the extremities and crystals were estimated by TLD dosimeters positioned at different body areas selected on the basis of a radiological analysis of the exposure of personnel during five procedures. The analysis of fluoroscopic and record times showed variability in or an average fluoroscopy time of 32.37 min with extremes of 25.14 to 56.32 min;average record time of 0.52 min with extremes of 0.12 min to 1 min. The annual effective doses were respectively, 4.04 mSv, 3.42 mSv, 2.84 mSv;2.28 mSv, in the Radiologist (R), operator Assistant (o2);Anesthesiologist (A2), Manipulator (M2). The annual equivalent doses to the radiologist’s predominant extremities and lenses were left index and left lens with values of 37.07 mSv and 9.46 mSv. The estimated doses in our study are reassuring from a regulatory point of view of dose limits. The results of our work have shown no significant short-term danger to the health of personnel.

关键词： Interventional Radiology Embolization of Uterine Fibromyomas Radiological Risk Radiation Protection

Total Indicative Dose Determination in Water from the North Riviera Well Field of SoDECI in Abidjan, Cote d’Ivoire

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2023年第12期14卷 1006-1015页

作者： Epi Zita Tatiana Kocola Achi Bogbé Douo Louis Huberson Gogon N’Guessan Guy Léopold oka Antonin Aka koua Marie Chantal kouassi Goffri laboratoire des Sciences de la Matiè re Environnement et de l’Energie Solaire (LASMES) Universit&eacute F&eacute lix Houphou&eumlt Boigny Abidjan C&ocircte d’Ivoire Autorité de Radioprotection de S&ucircret&eacute et de S&eacute curit&eacute Nucl&eacute aire Abidjan C&ocircte d’Ivoire Institut de Recherche en Energies Renouvelables (IREN) Universit&eacute Nangui Abrogoua Abidjan C&ocircte d’Ivoire Acadé mie des Sciences des Arts des Cultures d’Afrique (ASCAD) Abidjan C&ocircte d’Ivoire

The Uranium-238 (238U), Thorium-232 (232Th) families and Potassium-40 (40K) are of terrestrial origin and contribute generally to an individual’s external exposure through our presence in this environment. They also contribute to the internal exposure through the ingestion of products and beverages such as water that are close to the earth. The aim of this work is to determine the committed effective dose or Total Indicative Dose (TID) due to gamma radioactivity of the borehole water from the Nord Riviera (NR) well field operated by the Côte d’Ivoire Water Distribution Company (SoDECI) for the supply of drinking water to part of the population of Abidjan. In addition, the populations, with their habits, could use these borehole waters directly as drinking water. To this end, water samples from the seven (07) functional boreholes were collected and analyzed on a gamma spectrometry chain, equipped with an HPGe detector in the laboratory of the Radiation Protection Institute (RPI) of the GHANA Atomic Energy Commission (GAEC). The results of the specific activities of 238U, 232Th and 40K obtained were transcribed into TID. As the natural radioactivity of the borehole water is high [1], the TIDs calculated from the activity results of the natural radionuclides238U, 232Th, and 40K vary for the seven boreholes from 0.150 to 0.166 mSv/yr with an average of 0.161 ± 0.034 mSv/yr. The TID of the control tower, where the borehole water is mixed and treated for household use, is equal to 0.136 ± 0.03 mSv/yr. The TIDs obtained are therefore all slightly greater than the WHo reference dose value of 0.1 mSv/yr. But all remain below the UNSCEAR reference dose of 0.29 mSv/yr.

关键词： North Rivera (NR) Well Field Borehole Water Natural Radioactivity Gamma Spectrometry Total Indicative Dose Committed Annual Effective Dose

Assessment of Fruit Fly Trapping System in Mango orchards in Northern Cote d’Ivoire

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A) 2018年第1期8卷 18-27页

作者： Magloire Yves Minhibo ossey Robert Ndepo N'Klo Hala Hervé koua Yalamoussa Tuo Aby N'Goran Adama Coulibaly Sékou Doumbia Jean-Baptiste Akadié Djaha Charles Konan kouakou, National Center for Agronomic Research Station of Korhogo-LatahaKorhogo BP 856Cote d'Ivoire Jean Lorougnon Guédé University(UJLG) Daloa BP 150Cote d'Ivoire National Center for Agronomic Research Station of La MéAbidjan 13 BP 989Cote d'Ivoire University Felix Houphouet Boigny(UFHB) Abidjan 22 BP 582Cote d'Ivoire University Peleforo Gon Coulibaly(UPGC) Korhogo BP 1328Cote d'Ivoire

Mango is the third largest export fruit in Cote d’Ivoire. However, its yield is limited by the damage caused by fruit flies （Diptera： Tephritidae）. This study aimed at assessing the trapping system for fruit fly detection and monitoring in mango orchards in Northern C？te d’Ivoire. Four sites were selected in Northern C？te d’Ivoire in mango production area and in timber yard areas. Five trapping systems were tested： two food attractants （torula yeast, CeraTrap） and three sex attractants （methyl eugenol, trimedlure, cue-lure）. Plastic bottles were used for food attractants and commercial traps for sex attractants. Five traps per treatment with three repetitions per site were set up. Ten species of flies have been identified： Bactrocera dorsalis, B. cucurbitae, Ceratitis anonae, C. bremii, C. capitata, C. cosyra, C. punctata, Dacus ciliatus, D. punctatifrons and Dacus spp.. Among these species, B. dorsalis was dominant. It was captured by 94.04% and 90.94%, respectively, in mango orchards and forest areas included wild fruits. The average number of individuals captured varied from one species to another, depending on the attractants. This average was estimated to 379.91, 27.58, 25.55, 15.1 and 11.93, respectively, for méthyl eugénol, torula yeast, CeraTrap, cue-lure, trimedlure. The attractants have shown their specificity in capturing fly species. Methyl eugenol had the highest capture and was the most effective.

关键词： Fruit flies attractant traps monitoring mangoes

Metarhizium anisopliae against Prosoestus Spp.,Pests of Female oil Palm Inflorescences:Preliminary laboratory Tests

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Journal of Life Sciences 2018年第4期12卷 173-182页

作者： Hala Kinampinan Adelphe Aby N’goran Hala N’klo Akpesse Akpa Alexandre Moise1 koua kouakou Hervé Akpesse Akpa Alexandre Moise laboratory of Zoology and Animal Biology Felix Houphouet-Boigny University22 BP 582 Abidjan 22Cote d’Ivoire National Centre of Agronomic Research(CNRA) Research Station of Bimbresso01 BP 1536 Abidjan 01Cote d'voire National Centre of Agronomic Research(CNRA) Research Station of La Mé13 BP 989 Abidjan 13Cote d’Ivoire

Prosoestus sculptilis and Prosoestus minor(Coleoptera,Curculionidae)are female inflorescences of the oil palm *** insects can cause a considerable decrease(about 40%)of the setting *** currently proposed control method is the chemical control with the use of thiocyclam-hydrogen-oxalate,derived from the *** sustainable agriculture,it is appropriate to use an integrated pest management system,including biological *** purpose of this work is to contribute to the biological control of Prosoestus *** the use of Metarhizium anisopliae,entomopathogenic fungus,to improve fruit set rate of oil palm.A screening of five(05)isolates of the fungus was performed by passive and active suspensions inoculation of spores in increasing *** isolates CNRA-BME2 and CNRA-BME5 were most virulent for these insects with mortality rates of approximately 80%during the passive inoculation on fungic *** concentration c=10^9 spores/mL was optimal during active *** anisopliae is therefore a potential biological control agent against Prosoestus.

关键词： Biological control Prosoestus spp. oil palm tree fruit set rate