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Flash X-ray cinematography analysis of dwell and penetration of smallcaliber projectiles with three types of SiC ceramics

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2016年第3期12卷 277-283页

作者： elmar strassburger Steffen BAUER Steffen WEBER Heiner GEDON Fraunhofer Institute for High-Speed Dynamics Ernst-Mach-Institute(EMI)Am Christianswuhr 279400 KandernGermany DLR–German Aerospace Center Institute of Structures and DesignPfaffenwaldring 38-4070569 StuttgartGermany WIWeB–Bundeswehr Research Institute for Materials Fuels and LubricantsInstitutsweg 185435 ErdingGermany

In order to improve the performance of ceramic composite armor it is essential to know the mechanisms during each phase of the projectile–target interaction and their influence on the penetration *** the view on the crater zone and the tip of a projectile penetrating a ceramic is rapidly getting obscured by damaged material,a flash X-ray technique has to be applied in order to visualize projectile *** this purpose,usually several flash X-ray tubes are arranged around the target and the radiographs are recorded on *** EMI a flash X-ray imaging method has been developed,which provides up to eight flash radiographs in one experiment.A multi-anode 450 k V flash X-ray tube is utilized with this *** radiation transmitted through the target is then detected on a fluorescent *** fluorescent screen converts the radiograph into an image in the visible wavelength range,which is photographed by means of a high-speed *** technique has been applied to visualize and analyze the penetration of 7.62 mm AP projectiles into three different types of Si C *** commercial Si C grades and MICASIC(Metal Infiltrated Carbon derived Si C),a C-Si Si C ceramic developed by DLR,have been *** influences,not only of the ceramic but also the backing material,on dwell time and projectile erosion have been *** curves have been determined and their relevance to the ballistic resistance is discussed.

关键词： Ballistic resistance Dwell Flash X-ray cinematography SiC ceramics

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Damage visualization and deformation measurement in glass laminates during projectile penetration

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2014年第2期10卷 226-238页

作者： elmar strassburger Steffen BAUER Gregor POPKO Fraunhofer Institute for High-Speed Dynamics Ernst-Mach-Institute(EMI)Am Christianswuhr 2

Transparent armor consists of glass-polymer laminates in most *** formation and propagation of damage in the different glass layers has a strong influence on the ballistic resistance of such *** order to clarify(he course of events during projectile penetration,an experimental technique was developed,which allows visualizing the onset and propagation of damage in each single layer of the laminate.A telecentric objective lens was used together with a microsecond video camera that allows recording 100 frames at a maximum rate of 1 MHz in a backlit photography *** this technique,the damage evolution could be visualized in glass laminates consisting of four glass layers with lateral dimensions 500 mm x 500 *** evolution was recorded during penetration of 7.62 mm AP projectiles with tungsten carbide core and a total mass of 1 1.1 g in the impact velocity range from 800 to 880 m/*** order to measure the deformation of single glass plates within the laminates,a piece of reflecting tape was attached to the corresponding glass plate,and photonic Doppler velocimetry(PDV) was *** the photonic Doppler *** infrared laser is used to illuminate an object to be measured and the Doppler-shifted light is superimposed to a reference light beam at the *** simultaneous visualization and PDV measurement of the glass deformation allow determining the deformation at the time of the onset of *** analysis of the experimental data was supported by numerical simulations,using the AUTODYN commercial hydro-code.

关键词：变形测量玻璃层可视化弹丸穿透多普勒测速仪层板伤害

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UN WORLD WATER DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2024 PUBLISHED

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水务世界 2024年第3期 35-37页

作者： elmar Esser 不详

On UN World Water Day,22 March 2024,the United Nations and UNESCO published their annual World Water Development Report 2024,“Partnerships and cooperation for water.”This year's report focuses on developing and maintaining a secure and equitable water future that underpins prosperity and peace for *** relationship also works in the opposite direction,as poverty and inequality,social tensions,and conflict can amplify water insecurity.

关键词： inequality opposite peace

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Risk Assessment for Tuzla Naval Base Breakwater

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海洋工程：英文版 2003年第3期17卷 427-438页

作者： Can elmar BALAS Faculty of Engineering and Architecture

In the applications of reliability-based risk assessment methodology in Turkey, only wave characteristics, tidal range, storm surge, wave set-up, and structural system parameters were included in the past. Tsunami risk was not considered as a major design parameter and thus, was not included in the computation. After a strong earthquake (M w= 7.4) occurred near the town of Golcuk, Izmit Bay, Western Turkey at 00:01 GMT on August 17, 1999, chaotic water movements were observed on the coast of the Marmara Sea. Rubble mound breakwaters demonstrated very little damage, as predicted by the reliability-based risk assessment model developed in this study for the Tuzla Naval Base. For determination of the probability of occurrence under design conditions, which is a function of storm waves, tidal range, storm surge, and tsunami height, the Monte Carlo simulation was interrelated with the β Ⅱ method. For the Tuzla Naval Base main breakwater, tsunami was not the key design parameter when compared to storm waves, however, in places with great seismic activity, tsunami risk can be significant depending on the probability of occurrence and the magnitude of the tsunami.

关键词： tsunami earthquake reliability risk damage simulation

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Fixture Modifications for Effective Control of an Electrodynamic 3D-Shaker System

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Sound & Vibration 2020年第2期54卷 75-84页

作者： Kurthan Kersch elmar Woschke Robert Bosch GmbH Powertrain SolutionsCenter of Competence for VibrationSchwieberdingen71701Germany IFME Institute of Mechanics Otto von Guericke University MagdeburgMagdeburg39106Germany

This work aims to improve the setup of an electrodynamic triaxial shaker prototype with respect to its usability for the automotive *** shakers being capable of meeting the corresponding requirements are not available as standard test *** on the fixture have to be conducted in order to ensure an effective *** first part of the work is the qualitative description of the system ***,the shaker is treated as a black *** second part is the modification of the test fixture in order to handle the resonances of the shaker,which is elementary for its usage.A setup is found,that improves testing within the desired frequency ***,acceleration levels are considered as well as excitation phases and *** proposed setup is used for an exemplary specimen with two different control *** are then drawn about the usage of triaxial shakers.

关键词： Multi-axis testing electrodynamic shaker vibration control fixture design

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An Overview to the Concept of Smart Coupling and Battery Management for Grid Connected Photovoltaic Battery System

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Journal of Electronic Science and Technology 2015年第4期13卷 367-372页

作者： Deepranjan Dongol elmar Bollin Thomas Feldmann the Institute of Energy System(INES) Offenburg University of Applied Science the Institute of Energy System(INES) Offenburg University of Applied Science

The paper gives an overview on the need for smart coupling for battery management in grid integrated renewable energy system （RES）. Grid integrated photovoltaic （PV） battery system, as being popular and extensively used has been discussed in the paper. Smart coupling refers to intelligent grid integration such that it can foresee local network conditions and issue battery power flow management strategy accordingly to shave the peak PV and peak load. Therefore, a need for predictive energy management arises for smart integration to the grid and supervision of the power flow in accordance to the grid conditions. This is also a running project at the Institute of Energy Systems （INES）, Offenburg University of Applied Science, Germany since January, 2015. The paper should provide insights to the motivation, need and gives an outlook to the features of desired predictive energy management system （PEMS）.

关键词： Battery management optimization,predictive energy management smart coupling

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Reinforcement Learning:A Technical Introduction–Part I

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Journal of Autonomous Intelligence 2019年第2期2卷 25-41页

作者： elmar Diederichs Elements of Euclid Berlin Germany

Reinforcement learning provides a cognitive science perspective to behavior and sequential decision making providedthat reinforcement learning algorithms introduce a computational concept of agency to the learning *** it addresses an abstract class of problems that can be characterized as follows: An algorithm confronted withinformation from an unknown environment is supposed to find step wise an optimal way to behave based only on somesparse, delayed or noisy feedback from some environment, that changes according to the algorithm’s behavior. Hencereinforcement learning offers an abstraction to the problem of goal-directed learning from interaction. The paper offersan opinionated introduction in the algorithmic advantages and drawbacks of several algorithmic approaches to providealgorithmic design options.

关键词： Classical Reinforcement Learning Markov Decision Processes Prediction and Adaptive Control in Unknown Environments Algorithmic Design

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Demand Side Management for Thermally Activated Building Systems Based on Multiple Linear Regression

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Journal of Electronic Science and Technology 2015年第4期13卷 355-360页

作者： Martin Schmelas Julien H?ll elmar Bollin the Institute of Energy System Techniques Offenburg University of Applied Sciences the Department of Microsystems Engineering University of Freiburg

The building sector and its heating and cooling represents one of the major consumer of energy worldwide. Simultaneously, the share of fluctuating generation of renewable energies in the energy mix increases. Therefore storage and demand side management technologies are required. The new adaptive and predictive control algorithm for thermally activated building systems （TABS） based on multiple linear regression （AMLR） presented in this paper enables the application of demand side management （DSM） strategies. Based on simulations, different strategies have been compared with each other. By applying the AMLR algorithm, electricity energy cost savings of 38% could be achieved compared to the conventional control strategy for TABS, while increasing the thermal comfort. At the same time, thermal energy demand can be reduced in the range between 4% to 8%, and pump operation time from 86% to 89%.

关键词： Demand side management smartgrid thermal storage thermally activated buildingsystems.

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Some Characteristics of Cumulus Convection over the Tibetan Plateau

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 1990年第1期7卷 87-97页

作者：段廷扬 elmar R.Reiter Chengdu Institute of Meteorology Chengdu 610041 Sichuan Province Center lor Cybernetic Communication Research Colorado Slate University Fort Collins CO.80523 U. S. A.he diagnostic model of the cumulus convection proposed by Yanai et al. (1973) was applied to the atmosphere over the Tibetan Plateau and used to estimate the vertical mass flux entrainment and detrainment excess temperature and moisture liquid water content and condensation and precipitation rates of highland cloud clusters. The results illustrated that in clouds over the Tibetan Plateau the water vapor condensation rate liquid water content and efficiency of the rain generation process are less than those in the tropics (represented by the Marshall Islands region). Therefore the condensational latent heat released over the Tibetan Plateau overall is much smaller than that in the tropics. The water vapor and liquid water detrainment from shallow nonprecipitating cumulus clouds and their entrainment into deep cumulus clouds serve as a growing mechanism for the deep precipitating cumulus towers over the Tibetan Plateau. It should be noted that there is a stronger detrainment of liquid water from cumulus clouds and a stronger re-evaporation rate in environment. The process of the condensation-detrainment-re-evaporation-cnlrainmcnt is repeatedly in progress. It would play an important role in maintaining of cumulus convection on the condition that the supply of moisture is not plentiful over the Tibetan Plateau.The analyses also showed that the cloud mass flux Mc over the Tibetan Plateau is less and the large-scale average upward motion is much less than those over the Marshall Islands. Stronger compensating downward motion in the cloud environment over the Tibetan Plateau responsible for the area's strong environmental heating rate Was revealed and would link to the stability of the South Asian High in summer.

The diagnostic model of the cumulus convection proposed by Yanai et al. (1973) was applied to the atmosphere over the Tibetan Plateau, and used to estimate the vertical mass flux, entrainment and detrainment, excess temperature and moisture, liquid water content, and condensation and precipitation rates of highland cloud clusters. The results illustrated that in clouds over the Tibetan Plateau, the water vapor condensation rate, liquid water content, and efficiency of the rain generation process are less than those in the tropics (represented by the Marshall Islands region). Therefore, the condensational latent heat released over the Tibetan Plateau, overall, is much smaller than that in the tropics. The water vapor and liquid water detrainment from shallow nonprecipitating cumulus clouds, and their entrainment into deep cumulus clouds, serve as a growing mechanism for the deep precipitating cumulus towers over the Tibetan Plateau. It should be noted that there is a stronger detrainment of liquid water from cumulus clouds and a stronger re-evaporation rate in environment. The process of the condensation-detrainment-re-evaporation-cnlrainmcnt is repeatedly in progress. It would play an important role in maintaining of cumulus convection on the condition that the supply of moisture is not plentiful over the Tibetan *** analyses also showed that the cloud mass flux Mc over the Tibetan Plateau is less, and the large-scale average upward motion is much less than those over the Marshall Islands. Stronger compensating downward motion in the cloud environment over the Tibetan Plateau, responsible for the area's strong environmental heating rate Was revealed, and would link to the stability of the South Asian High in summer.

关键词： Some Characteristics of Cumulus Convection over the Tibetan Plateau over

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Treatment of Iron-Loaded Veterinary Sarcoma by Artemisia annua

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Natural Products and Bioprospecting 2014年第2期4卷 113-118页

作者： elmar Breuer Thomas Efferth Veterinary Clinic for Pets Mullheim/BadenGermany Department of Pharmaceutical Biology Institute of Pharmacy and BiochemistryJohannes Gutenberg UniversityMainzGermany

Artemisinin,a constituent of Artemisia annua L.,is a well-known antimalarial ***-type drugs also inhibit cancer growth in vitro and in *** extracts of *** inhibit the growth of cancer cell ***,we report on the use of capsules containing powder of Herba Artemisiae annuae to treat pet *** surgical tumor removal as standard treatment was supplemented by adjuvant therapy with *** cat and one dog with fibrosarcoma survived 40 and 37 months,respectively,without tumor *** other dogs suffering from fibrosarcoma and hemangioendothelial sarcoma also showed complete remission and are still alive after 39 and 26 months,*** was well tolerated without noticeable side *** four cases indicate that *** may be a promising herbal drug for cancer therapy.

关键词： Artemisinin Asteraceae Scopoletin Veterinary cancer Comparative oncology

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