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Development of gradient boosting-assisted machine learning data-driven model for free chlorine residual prediction

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第2期18卷 35-46页

作者： Wiley Helm Shifa Zhong elliot Reid Thomas Igou Yongsheng Chen School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA 30332USA School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences East China Normal UniversityShanghai 200241China

Chlorine-based disinfection is ubiquitous in conventional drinking water treatment (DWT) and serves to mitigate threats of acute microbial disease caused by pathogens that may be present in source water. An important index of disinfection efficiency is the free chlorine residual (FCR), a regulated disinfection parameter in the US that indirectly measures disinfectant power for prevention of microbial recontamination during DWT and distribution. This work demonstrates how machine learning (ML) can be implemented to improve FCR forecasting when supplied with water quality data from a real, full-scale chlorine disinfection system in Georgia, USA. More precisely, a gradient-boosting ML method (CatBoost) was developed from a full year of DWT plant-generated chlorine disinfection data, including water quality parameters (e.g., temperature, turbidity, pH) and operational process data (e.g., flowrates), to predict FCR. Four gradient-boosting models were implemented, with the highest performance achieving a coefficient of determination, R2, of 0.937. Values that provide explanations using Shapley’s additive method were used to interpret the model’s results, uncovering that standard DWT operating parameters, although non-intuitive and theoretically non-causal, vastly improved prediction performance. These results provide a base case for data-driven DWT disinfection supervision and suggest process monitoring methods to provide better information to plant operators for implementation of safe chlorine dosing to maintain optimum FCR.

关键词： Machine learning Data-driven modeling Drinking water treatment Disinfection Chlorination

Gold Standard for Skin Cancer Treatment: Surgery (Mohs) or Microscopic Molecular-Cellular Therapy (Curaderm)?

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2024年第2期15卷 33-47页

作者： Bill elliot Cham Australasian Medical Research Port Vila Republic of Vanuatu

Non-melanoma skin cancers or keratinocyte cancers such as basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma make up approximately 80% and 20% respectively, of skin cancers with the 6 million people that are treated annually in the United States. 1 in 5 Americans and 2 in 3 Australians develop skin cancer by the age of 70 years and in Australia it is the most expensive, amassing $1.5 billion, to treat cancers. Non-melanoma skin cancers are often self-detected and are usually removed by various means in doctors’ surgeries. Mohs micrographic surgery is acclaimed to be the gold standard for the treatment of skin cancer. However, a novel microscopic molecular-cellular non-invasive topical therapy described in this article, challenges the status of Mohs procedure for being the acclaimed gold standard.

关键词： Skin Cancer Basal Cell Carcinoma Squamous Cell Carcinoma Mohs Surgery Microscopic Molecular-Cellular Curaderm Actinic Keratosis Cosmesis

The Value of Excipients and the Required Understanding of the Biological System in Product Development: An Impactful Example of Curaderm, a Topical Skin Cancer Treatment

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2024年第2期15卷 68-87页

作者： Tania Robyn Chase Kai elliot Cham Bill elliot Cham Australasian Medical Research Port Vila Republic of Vanuatu

The incidences of nonmelanoma skin cancer are increasing worldwide, and the ongoing war on its treatment necessitates the development of effective and non-invasive methods. Through basic and clinical research, non-invasive treatments like Curaderm have been developed, leading to improved quality of life for patients. Excipients, previously considered inactive ingredients, play a crucial role in enhancing the performance of topical formulations. The development of Curaderm emphasizes the importance of understanding the interactions between active ingredients, excipients, and the biological system to create effective and affordable pharmaceutical formulations. The systematic approach taken in the development of Curaderm, starting from the observation of the anticancer activity of natural solasodine glycosides and progressing through toxicological and efficacy studies in cell culture, animals, and humans, has provided insights into the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of solasodine glycosides. It is crucial to determine these pharmacological parameters within the skin’s biological system for maximal effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a skin cancer treatment. Curaderm, as a topical treatment for nonmelanoma skin cancer, offers benefits beyond those obtained from other topical treatments, providing hope for improved quality of life for patients.

关键词： Curaderm BEC Solasodine Glycosides Solamargine Apoptosis Skin Cancer Actinic Keratosis Keratoacanthoma Basal Cell Carcinoma Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Unique Clinical Features of Curaderm when Treating Skin Cancers

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2024年第1期15卷 13-27页

作者： Tania Robyn Chase Kai elliot Cham Bill elliot Cham Australasian Medical Research Port Vila Republic of Vanuatu

Basal cell carcinoma is the most common form of skin cancer and the most frequently occurring form of all cancers. Conventional treatments to remove or destroy basal cell carcinoma are indiscriminate and also remove or destroy normal skin cells resulting in compromised cosmetic outcomes. Consequences of these treatments include body-image issues, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, and poorer quality of social and family life. A progressive topical cream formulation, Curaderm, containing the natural BEC glycoalkaloids, have shown to have advantages over conventional treatments. However, comprehensive clinical features of the skin cancer lesions during treatment with Curaderm have to date not been reported. This report shows that using unpublished data from a large number of patients with varying sizes, types and locations of basal cell carcinomas when treated with Curaderm in a phase 3 trial, an initial increase in size of the lesions occur, followed by a reverse course, leading to complete removal of the skin cancer. The specificity and mode of action of Curaderm explains the superior cosmetic outcomes when compared with conventional therapies.

关键词： Curaderm Skin Cancer Basal Cell Carcinoma BEC Glycoalkaloids Conventional Treatments

Virtual healthcare services and digital health technologies deployed during coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic in South Africa:a systematic review

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Global Health Journal 2022年第2期6卷 102-113页

作者： elliot Mbunge John Batani Goabaone Gaobotse Benhildah Muchemwa Department of Computer Science Faculty of Science and EngineeringUniversity of EswatiniKwaluseniManziniEswatini Department of Information Technology Faculty of Accounting and InformaticsDurban University of TechnologySouth Africa Faculty of Engineering and Technology Botho UniversityLesotho Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology Faculty of ScienceBotswana International University of Science and TechnologyBotswana

Aims:To identify virtual healthcare services and digital health technologies deployed in South Africa during coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)and the challenges associated with their ***:To determine the status of digital health utilization during COVID-19 in South Africa,the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses model was used to perform a systematic and in-depth critical analysis of previously published studies in well-known and trusted online electronic databases using specific search keywords words that are relevant to this *** selected published peer-reviewed articles available from the onset of COVID-19 to July ***:Total of 24 articles were included into this *** study revealed that South Africa adopted digital technologies such as SMS-based solutions,mobile health applications,telemedicine and telehealth,WhatsApp-based systems,artificial intelligence and chatbots and robotics to provide healthcare services during COVID-19 *** innovative technologies have been used for various purposes including screening infectious and non-infectious diseases,disease surveillance and monitoring,medication and treatment compliance,creating awareness and *** study also revealed that teleconsultation and e-prescription,telelaboratory and telepharmacy,teleeducation and teletraining,teledermatology,teleradiology,telecardiology,teleophthalmology,teleneurology,telerehabilitation,teleoncology and telepsychiatry are among virtual healthcare services delivered through digital health technologies during COVID-19 in South ***,these smart digital health technologies face several impediments such as infrastructural and technological barriers,organization and financial barriers,policy and regulatory barriers as well as cultural ***:Although COVID-19 has invigorated the use of digital health technologies,there are still some *** outbreak of pandemics like COVID-19 in t

关键词： Digital health technology Virtual healthcare Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) Health systems South Africa

Pill or procedure?Patient preferences on beta-blockers as an alternative to endoscopic variceal screening during the COVID-19 pandemic

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Gastroenterology Report 2022年第1期10卷 632-634页

作者： Zheng Che Jeremy Louissaint Ihab Kassab elliot B.Tapper Department of Internal Medicine University of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA Gastroenterology Section VA Ann Arbor Healthcare SystemAnn ArborMIUSA

Introduction Certain patients at low risk of clinically significant esophageal varices by Baveno criteria can safely avoid screening esophagogastroduodenoscopy(EGD)[1,2].However,regardless of variceal status,the PREDESCI study suggests that earlier betablocker(BB)use in compensated disease with clinically significant portal hypertension by hepatic venous pressure gradient may result in benefit by delaying the time to decompensated cirrhosis[3,4].This carries significant ramifications for future clinical guidelines and decision-making for whom we decide to initiate BB.

关键词： esophageal hepatic screening

Assessing the influence of digital technologies on antenatal care visits in Zimbabwe:insights from 2019 Zimbabwe Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey

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Global Health Journal 2023年第3期7卷 167-174页

作者： elliot Mbunge Garikayi Bernard Chemhaka Tafadzwa Dzinamarira Enos Moyo Department of Computer Science Faculty of Science and EngineeringUniversity of EswatiniKwaluseniManziniM201Eswatini Department of Statistics and Demography Faculty of Social SciencesUniversity of EswatiniKwaluseniManziniM201Eswatini School of Health Systems and Public Health University of PretoriaPretoria 0028South Africa Schoolof Nursing and Public Health College of Health SciencesUniversity of KwaZulu-NatalDurban 3601South Africa

Background and objective:To provide good health and well-being as established by the Sustainable Development Goal(SDG)3,access to digital technologies can act as conduits to achieve such progress in a *** guided by the World Health Organization,antenatal care(ANC)attendance is one of the measures promoted to curtail the global health burden of maternal and infant *** services are seldom utilized to their full potential in *** study explores if any of the women's digital technology characteristics were associated with antenatal care ***:The study analyzed population-based cross-sectional data with a subsample of 1932 women aged 15-49 years from the 2019 Zimbabwe Multiple Indicator Cluster *** of associations with chi-square test,bivariate,and multivariate multinomial logistic regression analyses were used to examine the predictors of adequate(4-7)and optimal(≥8)ANC visits relative to undesirable(1-3)antenatal care visits among women who had given births 2 years before the ***:The results indicate that 64.5%(1246/1932)of the women attained adequate ANC while about 9.8%(189/1932)attained optimal *** a newspaper/magazine at least once a week(odds ratio[OR] 1.73,β'=0.551,t=2.030,P=0.043)and watching television at least once a week(OR 1.72,β=0.545,t=2.454,P=0.015),listening to the radio less than once a week(OR 1.28,β'=0.247,t=1.750,P=0.080),and owning a mobile phone(OR 1.48,β'=0.394,t=3.020,P=0.003)were positively associated with adequate *** ANC was significantly associated with women being able to read a newspaper at least once a week(OR 2.93,β'=1.074,t=3.120,P=0.002),listen to the radio less than 0nce a week(OR 2.07,p'=0.73,t=2.700,P=0.007)and have ownership of a mobile phone(OR 1.88,β'=0.631,t=2.620,P=0.009).Conclusion:Access to a newspaper,radio,television,and mobile phone were important predictors of a woman's ability to achieve her ANC *** to improve the knowledge of ANC pa

关键词： Digital technologies Maternal and child health Africa Child mortality Maternal mortality Prenatal care

Nonselective beta-blocker use is associated with increased hepatic encephalopathy-related readmissions in cirrhosis

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2022年第23期10卷 8097-8106页

作者： Mohammad Amin Fallahzadeh Sumeet K Asrani elliot B Tapper Giovanna Saracino Robert S Rahimi Department of Internal Medicine Baylor University Medical CenterDallasTX 75246United States Division of Hepatology Baylor University Medical CenterDallasTX 75246United States Division of Hepatology University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109United States

BACKGROUND Hepatic encephalopathy(HE)is a neurocognitive condition in cirrhosis leading to frequent *** beta-blockers(NSBBs)are the mainstay of pharmacologic treatment in cirrhotic *** hypothesized that since NSBBs decrease cardiac output and portal flow,the decreased metabolic filtering process of liver parenchyma may lead to increased HE-related *** To evaluate the impact of NSBB administration on HE-related readmissions in cirrhotic *** In this retrospective cohort study,we included 393 patients admitted to Baylor University Medical Center for liver-related portal hypertension indications between January 2013 and July *** predictors of the first HErelated readmissions were identified using Cox proportional hazards *** cumulative incidence of the first HE-related readmissions between patients receiving NSBBs and not receiving NSBBs was examined using Fine-Gray modeling to account for the competing risk of death or liver *** The mean age was 58.1±10.2 years and most patients fell into Child class C(49.1%)or B(43.8%).The median Model for End-Stage Liver Disease-Sodium score was 22(IQR:11).The cumulative incidence of the first HE-related readmissions was significantly higher in patients taking NSBBs compared to patients not receiving NSBBs(71.8%vs 41.8%,P<0.0001).In multivariate analysis,after adjusting for demographics,markers of liver disease severity,selective beta-blocker,lactulose and rifaximin use,NSBB use[Hazard ratio:1.74(95%CI:1.29-2.34)]was independently associated with the first HE-related readmissions over a median follow-up of 3.8 *** NSBB use is independently associated with increased HE-related readmissions in patients with cirrhosis,regardless of liver disease severity.

关键词： Altered mental status Ascites Esophageal varices Liver disease Portal hypertension Hospitalization

Leaching of lanthanide and yttrium from a Central Appalachian coal and the ashes obtained at 550-950℃

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Journal of Rare Earths 2022年第5期40卷 807-814,I0005页

作者： Ronghong Lin Yee Soong Bret H.Howard Murphy J.Keller elliot A.Roth Ping Wang Evan J.Granite U.S.Department of Energy National Energy Technology Laboratory626 Cochrans Mill RoadP.O.Box 10940PittsburghPA15236United States Keylogic Systems.Pittsburgh PA15236United States

In this work,we investigated leaching of lanthanide and yttrium(REY) from a Central Appalachian coal and its ashes obtained at 550-950℃ with the main purpose of understanding the impact of ashing temperature on REY leachability in water,ammonium sulfate,and hydrochloric *** is found that the coal contains a negligible amount of water-soluble REY,less than 1% ion-exchangeable REY,and about 28% of HCl-soluble *** leads to dramatic changes in REY leachability in both ammonium sulfate and hydrochloric acid solutions,which is believed to be related to transformation and redistribution of organically-associated REY in coal during the ashing *** temperature significantly affects REY leaching from coal ashes;higher ashing temperature results in lower REY leachability in both *** minerals may play a significant role in changing the leachability of REY after *** addition,the results also suggest that the organic matter in the coal is relatively enriched in heavy REY.

关键词： Acid leaching Cation exchange Coal Coal ash Rare earth elements Yttrium