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Estimating the Level of Asymptomatic COVID-19 Infections in Northern Ireland in 2020

Open Journal of Modelling and Simulation 2022年第2期10卷 190-218页

作者： Peter A. Hall Gabor Kiss Tilman Kuhn Salissou Moutari ellen patterson Emily Smith Mathematical Sciences Research Centre School of Mathematics & Physics Queen’s University Belfast Belfast UK School of Biological Sciences Queen’s University Belfast Belfast UK Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH) Heidelberg University Hospital Heidelberg Germany

The identification and understanding of COVID-19 potential routes of transmission are fundamental to informing policies and strategies to successfully control the outbreak. Various studies highlighted asymptomatic infections as one of the silent drivers of the epidemic. An accurate estimation of the asymptomatic cases and the understanding of their contribution to the spread of the disease could enhance the effectiveness of current control strategies, mainly based on the symptom onset, to curb transmission. We investigate the dynamics of the COVID-19 epidemic in Northern Ireland during the period 1st March 25th to December 2020 to estimate the proportion of the asymptomatic infections in the country. We extended our previous model to include the stage of the asymptomatic infection, and we implement the corresponding deterministic model using a publicly available dataset. We partition the data into 11 sets over the period of study and fit the model parameters on the consecutive intervals using the cumulative number of confirmed positive cases for each interval. Moreover, we assess numerically the impacts of uncertainty in testing and we provide estimates of the reproduction numbers using the fitted parameters. We found that the proportion of asymptomatically infectious subpopulations, in Northern Ireland during the period of study, ranged between 5% and 25% of exposed individuals. Also, the estimate of the basic reproduction number, R0, is 3.3089. The lower and upper estimates for herd immunity are (0.6181, 0.7243) suggesting that around 70% of the population of Northern Ireland should acquire immunity via infection or vaccination, which is in line with estimates reported in other studies.

关键词： Pandemic Epidemic SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 Compartmental Model SEIAR Model Basic Reproduction Number Effective Reproduction Number Parameter Estimates Fitted Model Testing Uncertainty Asymptomatic Infection Northern Ireland

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Mathematical Modelling of the COVID-19 Epidemic in Northern Ireland in 2020

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Open Journal of Modelling and Simulation 2021年第2期9卷 91-110页

作者： Peter A. Hall Gabor Kiss Tilman Kuhn Salissou Moutari ellen patterson Emily Smith Mathematical Science Research Centre School of Mathematics & Physics Queen’s University Belfast Belfast Northern Ireland United Kingdom School of Biological Sciences Queen’s University Belfast Belfast Northern Ireland United Kingdom Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH) Heidelberg University Hospital Heidelberg Germany

In this study, we investigate the dynamics of the COVID-19 epidemic in Northern Ireland from 1st March 2020 up to 25th December 2020, using several copies of a Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Recovered (SEIR) compartmental model, and compare it to a detailed publicly available dataset. We split the data into 10 time intervals and fit the models on the consecutive intervals to the cumulative number of confirmed positive cases on each interval. Using the fitted parameter estimates, we also provide estimates of the reproduction number. We also discuss the limitations and possible extensions of the employed model.

关键词： Pandemic Epidemic SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 Compartmental Model SEIR Model Basic Reproduction Number Effective Reproduction Number Parameter Estimates Fitted Model

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依旧是“客人”:印度加尔各答客家人认同的重塑

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华侨华人历史研究 2008年第4期 33-48页

作者：欧爱玲张铭赵莉苹美国米德尔伯里学院社会人类学系中国华侨华人历史研究所北京100007 河南新乡市委党校河南新乡453000

从奥兰多·帕特森的种族定义入手,探讨加尔各答客家人种族认同的构成,就加尔各答客家人而言,有三个因素对确立和维持其认同具有重要意义:即国家和民族政治、不同种族从事不同职业的分层制经济和东道国以"洁"与"不洁"之间的象征性对立为... 详细信息

从奥兰多·帕特森的种族定义入手,探讨加尔各答客家人种族认同的构成,就加尔各答客家人而言,有三个因素对确立和维持其认同具有重要意义:即国家和民族政治、不同种族从事不同职业的分层制经济和东道国以"洁"与"不洁"之间的象征性对立为基础的宗教制度。种族、种姓、语言和宗教是维持种族认同的几个重要因素。种族认同会随着条件的变化而发生转变,由于职业、教育和政治环境迥然不同,客家人其认同轨道会截然不同。

关键词：华侨华人印度华人印度加尔各答客家人种族认同

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