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Droplet digital PCR for quantification of ITGA6 in a stool mRNA assay for the detection of colorectal cancers

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第16期23卷 2891-2898页

作者： elizabeth Herring Shigeru Kanaoka éric Tremblay Jean-Francois Beaulieu Laboratory of Intestinal Physiopathology Department of Anatomy and Cell BiologyFaculty of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversitéde SherbrookeSherbrookeQC J1H5N4Canada Department of Gastroenterology Hamamatsu Medical CenterNaka-kuHamamatsu 432-8580Japan

AIm To investigate the use of droplet digital polymerase chain reaction(dd PCR) for detecting host m RNA markers in stools as a non-invasive test for colorectal cancer *** dd PCR and quantitative PCR were compared side by side for their performance in the detection of ITGA6 and ITGA6 A transcripts in stool samples obtained from patients with various types of colorectal lesions(advanced adenomas and stage Ⅱ-Ⅳ colorectal cancers) and control(patients displaying no pathological findings) using duplex Taq man reactions for both methods. ITGA6 and ITGA6 A were chosen for this proof-of-concept study based on their relative medium and low abundance in stool samples, respectively, as established in a previous *** We found that the dd PCR and q PCR methods per-formed equally well in this Taq man duplex assay for the detection of ITGA6 and ITGA6 A transcripts in stools of patients with colorectal lesions. For ITGA6, receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve analysis showed comparable areas under the curve of 0.91(P mas and colorectal cancers, respectively. ITGA6 A, which was detected at very low levels in control patients, was found to be significantly elevated(over 40 times) in stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ colorectal cancers(P mparison of the two sets of data revealed a strong correlation of the copy numbers obtained by dd PCR and q PCR for both ITGA6 and ITGA6 *** We found that ITGA6 and ITGA6 A detection in stools of patients with colorectal cancers with dd PCR is comparable to that of q PCR using Taq man assays.

关键词： Colorectal cancer Advanced adenoma Non-invasive screening Biomarker mRNA

Asymmetrical positive assortative mating induced by developmental lead （Pb2＋） exposure in a model system, Drosophila melanogaster

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Current Zoology 2017年第2期63卷 195-203页

作者： elizabeth K. PETERSON Roman YUKILEVICH Joanne KEHLBECK Kelly m. LARUE Kyle FERRAIOLO Kurt HOLLOCHER Helmut V.B. HIRSCH Bernard POSSIDENTE Department of Biological Sciences State University of New York at Albany Albany NY 12222 USA Department of Biology Union College Schenectady NY 12308 USA Department of Chemistry Union College Schenectady NY 12308 USA Department of molecular Biology Princeton University Princeton NJ 08544 USA Department of Geology Union College Schenectady NY 12308 USA Department of Biology Skidmore College Saratoga Springs NY 12866 USA

Anthropogenic pollutants have the potential to disrupt reproductive strategies. Little is known about how lead （Pb2＋） exposure disrupts individual-level responses in reproductive behaviors, which are important for fitness. Drosophila melanogaster was used as a model system to deter- mine the effects of： 1） developmental lead exposure on pre-mating reproductive behaviors （i.e., mate preference）, and 2） lead exposure and mating preferences on fitness in the F0 parental generation and F1 un-exposed offspring. Wild-type strains of D. melanogaster were reared from egg stage to adulthood in control or leaded medium （250 μm PbAc） and tested for differences in： mate preference, male song performance, sex pheromone expression, fecundity, mortality, and body weight. F0 leaded females preferentially mated with leaded males （i.e., asymmetrical positive assortative mating） in 2-choice tests. This positive assortative mating was mediated by the females （and not the males） and was dependent upon context and developmental exposure to Pb. Neither the courtship song nor the sex pheromone profile expressed by control and leaded males medi- ated the positive assortative mating in leaded females. Leaded females did not incur a fitness cost in terms of reduced fecundity, increased mortality, or decreased body weight by mating with leaded males. These results suggest that sublethal exposure to lead during development can alter mate preferences in adults, but not fitness measures once lead exposure has been removed. We suggest that changes in mate preference may induce fitness costs, as well as long-term population and multi-generational implications, if pollution is persistent in the environment.

关键词： cuticular hydrocarbons positive assortative mating random mating species recognition system.

Physical properties of Brachystegia Eurycoma seeds as affected by moisture content

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2014年第1期7卷 84-93页

作者： Ndubisi A.Aviara elizabeth B.Ibrahim Lovelyn N.Onuoha Department of Agricultural and Environmental Resources Engineering University of MaiduguriMaiduguriBorno StateNigeria

Some physical,frictional and thermal properties of Brachystegia eurycoma seed were studied at different moisture contents in order to explore the possibility of mechanizing the handling and processing *** showed that the seed could be considered an oval disc in *** the moisture range of 2.79%to 27.13%(d.b.),the major,intermediate and minor axial dimensions increased with increase in moisture content from 2.29 mm to 2.45 mm,1.65 mm to 1.91 mm and 0.34 mm to 0.52 mm,*** the above moisture range,one thousand seed weight,particle density,porosity,roundness,sphericity,surface area and angle of repose increased linearly from 0.901 kg to 1.252 kg,2270 kg/m^(3) to 2520 kg/m^(3),11.23%to 15.46%,35%to 47%,67%to 82%,7.67 cm^(2) to 8.48 cm^(2) and 16.8°to 29.2°respectively,while bulk density decreased from 745.4 kg/m^(3) to 613.6 kg/m^(3).Static coefficient of friction on different structural surfaces increased linearly with moisture content and had the highest values on galvanized steel sheet(0.445-0.639),and the lowest values on fiber glass(0.287-0.404).Kinetic coefficient of friction increased linearly with moisture content on different structural surfaces except on galvanized steel sheet where it decreased linearly with increase in moisture content in the above moisture *** had the highest values on hessian bag material(0.266-0.389),and the lowest values on plywood with wood grains perpendicular to the direction of movement(0.204-0.271).Specific heat ranged from 1474 to 5992.7 J/kgK,and increased with increase in moisture content and *** equations were used to express the relationships existing between the seed properties and moisture content.

关键词： Brachystegia eurycoma physical properties seed processing frictional properties specific heat moisture content

Polistes metricus queens exhibit personality variation and behavioral syndromes

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Current Zoology 2018年第1期64卷 45-52页

作者： Colin m. WRIGHT Trevor D. HYLAND Amanda S. IZZO Donna R.mCDERmOTT elizabeth A. TIBBETTS Jonathan N. PRUITT Department of Ecology Evolution and Marine Biology University of California at Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA Department of Wildlife Fish and Conservation Biology University of California at Davis Davis CA 95616 USA Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109-1048 USA

Consistent differences in behavior between individuals, otherwise known as animal personalities, have become a staple in behavioral ecology due to their ability to explain a wide range of phenomena. Social organisms are especially serviceable to animal personality techniques because they can be used to explore behavioral variation at both the individual and group level. Despite the suc- cess of personality research in social organisms generally, and social Hymenoptera in particular, social wasps （Vespidae） have received little to no attention in the personality literature. In the pre- sent study, we test Polistes metricus （Vespidae; Polistinae） paper wasp queens for the presence of repeatable variation in, and correlations （＂behavioral syndromes＂） between, several commonly used personality metrics： boldness, aggressiveness, exploration, and activity. Our results indicate that P. metricus queens exhibit personalities for all measured traits and correlations between differ- ent behavioral measures. Given that paper wasps have served as a model organism for a wide range of phenomena such as kin selection, dominance hierarchies, mate choice, facial recognition, social parasitism, and chemical recognition, we hope that our results will motivate researchers to explore whether, or to what degree, queen personality is important in their research programs.

关键词： behavioral syndromes personality social insects temperament wasps.

A framework to evaluate whether to pool or separate behaviors in a multilayer network

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Current Zoology 2021年第1期67卷 101-111页

作者： Annemarie VAN DER mAREL Sanjay PRASHER Chelsea CARmINITO Claire L.O'CONNELL Alexa PHILLIPS Bryan m.KLUEVER elizabeth A.HOBSON Department of Biological Sciences University of CincinnatiCincinnatiOH45221USA United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife ServicesNational Wildlife Research CenterFlorida Field StationGainesvilleFL32641USA

A multilayer network approach combines different network layers,which are connected by interlayer edges,to create a single mathematical *** networks can contain a variety of information types and represent different aspects of a ***,the process for selecting which information to include is not always *** data on 2 agonistic behaviors in a captive population of monk parakeets(myiopsitta monachus),we developed a framework for investigating how pooling or splitting behaviors at the scale of dyadic relationships(between 2 individuals)affects individual-and group-level social *** designed 2 reference models to test whether randomizing the number of interactions across behavior types results in similar structural patterns as the observed *** the behaviors were correlated,the first reference model suggests that the 2 behaviors convey different information about some social properties and should therefore not be ***,once we controlled for data sparsity,we found that the observed measures corresponded with those from the second reference ***,our initial result may have been due to the unequal frequencies of each ***,our findings support pooling the 2 *** of how selected measurements can be affected by data properties is warranted,but nonetheless our framework disentangles these efforts and as a result can be used for myriad types of behaviors and *** framework will help researchers make informed and data-driven decisions about which behaviors to pool or separate,prior to using the data in subsequent multilayer network analyses.

关键词： behavioral interactions monk parakeet myiopsitta monachus network analysis social context social relationships

Airborne bacteria associated with particulate matter from a highly urbanised metropolis:A potential risk to the population’s health

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2022年第9期16卷 99-114页

作者： maría del Carmen Calderón-Ezquerro elizabeth Selene Gómez-Acata Carolina Brunner-mendoza Instituto de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y Cambio Climático Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCiudad de México 04510Mexico Facultad de medicina Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCiudad de México 04510Mexico

Bacteria in the air present patterns in space and time produced by different sources and environmental *** studies have focused on the link between airborne pathogenic bacteria in densely populated cities,and the risk to the population’s *** associated with particulate matter(Pm)were monitored from the air of mexico City(mexico).We employed a metagenomic approach to characterise bacteria using the 16S rRNA *** bacteria sampling was carried out in the north,centre,and south of mexico City,with different urbanisation rates,during *** added to the particles were sampled using high-volume Pm_(10) *** ascertain significant differences in bacterial diversity between zones and seasons,the Kruskal-Wallis,Wilcoxon tests were done on alpha diversity ***-three air samples were collected,and DNA was sequenced using next-generation *** results indicated that the bacterial phyla in the north and south of the city were Firmicutes,Cyanobacteria,Proteobacteria,and Actinobacteria,while in the central zone there were more *** were no differences in the alpha diversity indices between the sampled *** to the OTUs,the richness of bacteria was higher in the central *** diversity was higher in the rainy season than in the dry season;the Shannon index and the OTUs observed were higher in the central zone in the dry *** bacteria such as Kocuria,Paracoccus,and micrococcus predominated in both seasonal times,while Staphylococcus,Corynebacterium,and Nocardioides were found during the rainy season,with a presence in the central zone.

关键词： Airborne bacteria Urbanisation Pm10 mexico City microbiome

Double-blind randomized controlled study of the efficacy, safety and tolerability of eszopiclone vs placebo for the treatment of patients with post-traumatic stress disorder and insomnia

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2020年第3期10卷 21-28页

作者： Sheila m Dowd Alyson K Zalta Helen J Burgess elizabeth C Adkins Zerbrina Valdespino-Hayden mark H Pollack Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Rush University Medical CenterChicagoIL 60601United States Department of Psychological Science University of California IrvineIrvineCA 92697United States Sleep and Circadian Research Laboratory Department of PsychiatryUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109United States Center for Behavioral Intervention Technologies|Department of Preventive medicine Northwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIL 60611United States Department of Psychology Montclair State UniversityMontclairNJ 07043United States

BACKGROUND Sleep disturbance is a core feature of post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD).Given the relationship between sleep disturbance and PTSD,there has been a relative paucity of studies examining the potential therapeutic impact of using pharmacotherapy to target sleep disturbance in patients with ***(ESZ)is a non-benzodiazepine y-aminobutyric acid-A receptor agonist indicated for the treatment of sleep and may affect sleep in patients with *** To evaluate the efficacy of ESZ vs placebo(PBO)for patients with PTSD and *** The study was a 12-wk,double blind,randomized controlled trial with 3 mg of ESZ(n=13)or PBO(n=12).RESULTS Patients in both arms experienced significant improvement in PTSD symptoms as assessed by the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSm-IV(CAPS):ESZ(t11=-3.12,P=0.005)and PBO(t11=-3.5,P=0.002)and by self-report with the Short PTSD Rating Interview(ESZ t11=-3.38,P=0.003 and PBO t11=-4.48,P=0.0005).There were no significant differences between treatments on the CAPS(t22=-0.13,P=0.70)or the Short PTSD Rating Interview(t22=-0.58,P=0.56).Similarly,both treated groups improved on sleep measures as assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index with PTSD Addendum(PSQI)and on total sleep time(TST)and sleep latency assessed by actigraphy with no significant differences between groups(PSQI t22=-0.24,P=0.81;total sleep time t10=0.13,P=0.90 and sleep latency t10=0.68,P=0.50).There was a significant correlation between improvement in sleep and overall improvement in PTSD as measured by change scores on the PSQI and CAPS,r(8)=0.79,P=0.01 for ESZ treated subjects,but not for those treated with PBO r(9)=0.16,P=*** events of ESZ were consistent with the known profile of the medication including dysgeusia(30%,mild),sedation(20%,mild)and headache(20%,moderate to severe).CONCLUSION Results do not support the hypothesis of a specific positive effect of ESZ compared to PBO for measures of PTSD and associated sleep disturban

关键词： Trauma Sleep disturbance Hypnotic Post-traumatic stress disorder

Knowledge, perception and practices about malaria, climate change, livelihoods and food security among rural communities of central Tanzania

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2015年第1期4卷 176-184页

作者： Benjamin K mayala Carolyn A Fahey Dorothy Wei maria m Zinga Venera m Bwana Tabitha mlacha Susan F Rumisha Grades Stanley elizabeth H Shayo Leonard EG mboera National Institute for medical Research Dar es SalaamTanzania Georgetown University WashingtonDCUSA Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences-Bugando MwanzaTanzania

Background:Understanding the interactions between malaria and agriculture in Tanzania is of particular significance when considering that they are the major sources of illness and *** objective of this study was to determine knowledge,perceptions and practices as regards to malaria,climate change,livelihoods and food insecurity in a rural farming community in central ***:Using a cross-sectional design,heads of households were interviewed on their knowledge and perceptions on malaria transmission,symptoms and prevention and knowledge and practices as regards to climate change and food ***:A total of 399 individuals(mean age=39.8±15.5 years)were ***(62.41%)of them had attained primary school education and majority(91.23%)were involved in crop farming *** all(94.7%)knew that malaria is acquired through a mosquito *** quarters(73%)reported that most people get sick from malaria during the rainy *** 50%of the respondents felt that malaria had decreased during the last 10 *** household coverage of insecticide treated mosquito nets(ITN)was high(95.5%).Ninety-six percent reported to have slept under a mosquito net the previous *** one in four understood the official Kiswahili term(mabadiliko ya Tabia Nchi)for climate ***,there was a general understanding that the rain patterns have changed in the past 10 ***-two percent believed that the temperature has increased during the same *** quarters of the respondents reported that they had no sufficient production from their own farms to guarantee food security in their household for the *** quarters(73.0%)reported to having food shortages in the past five *** half said they most often experienced severe food shortage during the rainy ***:Farming communities in Kilosa District have little knowledge on climate change and its impact on malaria *** insecurity is common and comm

关键词： malaria Agriculture Climate change Food insecurity Knowledge Practice Tanzania

Induction of resistance vessel dilation by ginger root juice,possibly through extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase activation in endothelial cells

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Family medicine and Community Health 2013年第3期1卷 12-18页

作者： elizabeth Bird Dinesh m.Shah Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWIUSA

Objective:To investigate the effects of ginger root juice on contractibility of resistance blood vessels from mice and on activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2(ERK1/2)and endothelial nitric oxide synthase(eNOS)in human endothelial ***:Juice was prepared from semi-dry ginger *** artery rings were dis-sected from healthy adult C57BL/J6 *** human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HU-VECs)were isolated from umbilical cords of normal full-term *** contractibility of the dissected vessel rings in the presence or absence of ginger root juice at 0.1%(v/v)after potassium(100 mm KCL)stimulation was measured by wire *** phosphorylation levels of ERK1/2 and eNOS in the presence of ginger root juice in the culture medium at 0,0.025%,0.05%,0.1%,and 0.2%(v/v)in HUVECs were assessed by western blotting ***:An immediate sharp increase in the contractile activity was observed in mesenteric artery rings in response to KCL *** root juice effectively attenuated the KCL-mediated vessel ***,ginger root juice significantly increased phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and eNOS in a dose-dependent ***:Ginger root juice is capable of relaxing resistance blood *** of ERK1/2 and eNOS through phosphorylation in endothelial cells may be a mechanism underlying the vasodilator activity of ginger root.

关键词： Ginger Resistance blood vessels Vasodilation ERK1/2 eNOS Phosphorylation myography Endothelial cell