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The role of phase impurities and lattice defects on the electron dynamics and photochemistry of CuFeO2 solar photocathodes

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Nano Research 2019年第9期12卷 2390-2399页

作者： elizabeth A. Fugate Somnath Biswas Mathew C. Clement Minkyu Kim Dongjoon Kim Aravind Asthagiri L. Robert Baker Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA

CuFeO2 is a promising photocathode for h2 evolution and CO2 reduction *** better understand the complex defect chemistry and role of impurity phases in this material and their effect on the photochemical performance,we employ visible light transient absorption spectroscopy and density functional theory(DFT)calculations to investigate the electron dynamics in electrochemically deposited Cu-Fe oxide thin *** analysis of carrier lifetime shows a fast,sub-ps contribution to relaxation followed by persistence of a Iong-lived state to time delays greater than 2 *** amplitude of the Iong-lived state is shown to correlate with the rate of fast initial relaxation,and this is explained in terms of a competition between charge carrier trapping and charge *** separation in CuFeO2 occurs via hole thermalizati on from O 2p to Cu 3d vale nee band states leadi ng to segregatio n of electr ons and holes across layers in the CuFeO2 *** between transient absorption measurements and DFT calculations suggest that Cu vacancies enhanee photochemical performance by facilitating charge separation *** contrast,O interstitials are predicted to switch the relative positions of O 2p and Cu 3d vale nee band states,which would in hibit charge separatio n by in ter-band hole thermal izatio *** ally,we find no evide nee for electron in jecti on from CuFeO2 to CuO suggest!ng that charge separati on at this heterostructure in terface does not play a role in the carrier lifetime or photochemical performance of the catalysts studied here.

关键词： delafossite CuFeO2 charge-carrier dynamics transient absorption spectroscopy Cu vacancy O interstitial

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Biomarkers of resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors in non-small-cell lung cancer:myth or reality?

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Cancer Drug Resistance 2020年第3期3卷 276-286页

作者： Ivan Pourmir Benoit Gazeau hortense de Saint Basile elizabeth Fabre Department of Thoracic oncology Hôpital européen Georges PompidouParis 75015France. INSERM U970 UniversitéParis Descartes Sorbonne Paris-CitéParis 75015France.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors represent a major therapeutic advance in non-small-cell lung cancer with several approved anti-programmed death-1 and anti-programmed death-L1 immunotherapies.A majority of patients however,will not respond to immune checkpoint inhibitors and display primary resistance while a subset of initially responsive patients will present secondary ***,there is a crucial need for biomarkers to enable better prediction and diagnosis,and to overcome such *** with improvement in the understanding of immune escape,new biomarkers are being developed,including large scale proteomic,genomic and transcriptomic approaches in tumor and blood *** review the novel biomarkers that have been investigated in non-small-cell lung cancer and discuss how they can rationalize therapeutic strategies.

关键词： Non-small-cell lung cancer immune checkpoint inhibitors resistance predictive biomarkers diagnostic biomarkers programmed death ligand-1 tumor mutational burden circulating tumor DNA

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Using Crop Management Scenario Simulations to Evaluate the Sensitivity of the Ohio Phosphorus Risk Index

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2017年第2期8卷 141-158页

作者： elizabeth A. Dayton Christopher h. holloman Sakthi Subburayalu Mark D. Risser School of Environment and Natural Resources The Ohio State University Columbus OH USA Statistical Consulting Services Department of Statistics The Ohio State University Columbus OH USA

Phosphorus (P) risk indices are commonly used in the USA to estimate the field-scale risk of agricultural P runoff. Because the Ohio P Risk Index is increasingly being used to judge farmer performance, it is important to evaluate weighting/scoring of all P Index parameters to ensure Ohio farmers are credited for practices that reduce P runoff risk and not unduly penalized for things not demonstrably related to runoff risk. A sensitivity analysis provides information as to how sensitive the P Index score is to changes in inputs. The objectives were to determine 1) which inputs are most highly associated with P Index scores and 2) the relative impact of each input variable on resultant P Index scores. The current approach uses simulations across 6134 Ohio point locations and five crop management scenarios (CMSs), representing increasing soil disturbance. The CMSs range from all no-till, which is being promoted in Ohio, rotational tillage, which is a common practice in Ohio to full tillage to represent an extreme practice. Results showed that P Index scores were best explained by soil test P (31.9%) followed by connectivity to water (29.7%), soil erosion (13.4%), fertilizer application amount (11.3%), runoff class (9.5%), fertilizer application method (2.2%), and finally filter strip (2.0%). Ohio P Index simulations across CMSs one through five showed that >40% scored hile 45 points (very high). Given Ohio water quality problems, the Ohio P Index needs to be stricter. The current approach is useful for Ohio P Index evaluations and revision decisions by spatially illustrating the impact of potential changes regionally and state-wide.

关键词： Ohio P Index Sensitivity Analysis P Index Simulations RUSLE2 Simulations Crop Management Simulations

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human Cytomegalovirus Infection Drives Neural Progenitor Cells differentiation

Human Cytomegalovirus Infection Drives Neural Progenitor Cel...

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第3届新生病毒性疾病控制学术研讨会

作者： holger hannemann Philip h.Schwartz elizabeth A.Fortunato Department of Microbiology Molecular Biology and BiochemistryUniversity of IdahoMoscowIdaho 83844-3052USA.

Congenital human cytomegalovirus(hCMV) infection causes central nervous system(CNS) structural abnormalities such as microencephaly and hydrocephalus and functional disorders such as sensorineural heariing loss,mental...

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解析贝蒂·弗里丹《女性的奥秘》

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2020年

作者： elizabeth Whitaker

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Effect of fuel additives on agricultural straw pellet quality

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2014年第2期7卷 92-100页

作者： Shahram Emami Lope G.Tabil Phani Adapa elizabeth George Ashwini Tilay Ajay Dalai Mark Drisdelle Lily Ketabi Department of Plant Science University of Saskatchewan51 Campus DriveSaskatoonSKS7N 5A8Canada Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Saskatchewan57 Campus DriveSaskatoonSK S7N 5A9Canada Global Institute for Water Security University of Saskatchewan11 Innovation BoulevardSaskatoonSK S7N 3H5Canada Evergreen Biofuels Inc. 129 Como GardensHudsonQC J0P 1H0Canada

An investigation was conducted to determine the effect of addition of different levels of AK2,a fuel additive that reduces ash fusion for agricultural biomass,on the physico-chemical properties of biomass *** different biomass straws,barley,oat,and wheat were ground at two hammer mill screen sizes of 0.8 mm and 1.6 *** ground biomass sample was mixed with three levels of AK2,0.05%,0.10%,and 0.15%by mass and also a blank(no AK2)was set aside for *** were made using single-pelleting unit at a pre-set load of 4400 N corresponding to a pressure of 138.9 *** quality of pellets were determined by measuring pellet density,relaxed density,durability,and the specific energy required to make a *** having higher durability values(74%-88%)were obtained from ground straw at hammer screen size of 0.8 mm and AK2 level of 0.15%compared to other ***,hydrogen,nitrogen,and sulfur content of blank pellets and those with 0.15%AK2 at hammer screen size of 0.8 mm were *** made with 0.15%AK2 at hammer screen size of 0.8 mm,manufactured by pilot-scale pellet mill,were gasified and the tar content was *** tar content of pellets with 0.15%AK2 was significantly lower than blank pellets.

关键词： biomass biofuels slag foul pelleting fuel additive

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highly Branched Poly(α-Methylene-γ-Butyrolactone) from Ring-Opening homopolymerization

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Open Journal of Polymer Chemistry 2017年第4期7卷 76-91页

作者： Pascal Binda Zakiya barnes Dechristian Guthrie Rasaan Ford Department of Chemistry and Forensic Science Savannah State University Savannah GA USA

New heteroleptic lanthanide complex [L1ILaN{Si(Ch3)2}] (1) containing tridentate [ONO] ancillary ligand was synthesized from an acid-base ligand exchange reaction with ligands h2L1 and corresponding homoleptic lanthanide compound La[N{Si(Ch3)3}2]3. Meanwhile, dimeric complexes [L1LaCl] (2) and [L1ILaCl] (3) were prepared from salt metathesis reaction between one equivalent of ligands h2LI,II, three equivalent of NaN{Si(Ch3)3}2, and one equivalent of LaCl3. These compounds were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (300 Mhz) and elemental analysis. These complexes were used as catalysts in the ring-opening homopolymerization of α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone. While compound 1 did not show any significant reactivity, compounds 2 and 3 gave significant amount of highly branched poly(α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone) as confirmed by 1h NMR spectroscopy and Malvern’s triple detector GPCMax analysis in DMSO with molecular weights of over 500,000 Dalton. The glass-transition temperatures of the branched polymer samples were determined using a Dynamic Mechanical Analyzer, DMA Q800.

关键词： Lanthanide α-Methylene-γ-Butyrolactone Polyesters Ring-Opening Polymerization

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hIV clinic caregivers’ spiritual and religious attitudes and behaviors

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health 2010年第7期2卷 796-803页

作者： elizabeth A. Catlin Jeanne h. Guillemin Julie M. Freedman Mary Martha Thiel 不详

Based on prior research, we hypothesized that staff in an outpatient clinic caring for an hIV patient population might rely on religious and spiritual frameworks to cope with the strains of their work and that their responses to a spiritual and religious survey might reflect work-related spiritual distress. Surveys were completed by 78.7% of staff (n = 59). All respondents scored in the "moderate"range for religious and spiritual well-being as well as existential satisfaction with living. The large majority agreed that the religious and spiritual concerns of patients have a place in patient care. Nurses, (88.2% of nurse respondents) viewed assessing the spiritual needs of patients as their responsibility, (p = 0.03). While 82% of hIV clinic respondents privately prayed for patients always, often or sometimes, this did not include physicians. Physicians in this clinic setting appeared to be less spiritual and religious, based on their survey responses, than coworkers and than US physicians in general. The majority of clinic physicians (78%) believed that God does not suffer with the suffering patients, in contrast to the majority of support staff (69%) and nearly half of the nurses, who believed that God does suffer with them, (p = 0.018). Contrary to our expectation, respondents did not report work-related spiritual distress, which may be related to improved therapies that can prolong and improve patients’ lives. Survey data revealed, however, a surprising level of engagement in and reliance on spiritual and religious frameworks among nurses and support staff. Whether the absence of measured spiritual distress is linked, in a causal rather than random manner, to spiritual and religious reliance by certain of these health care providers, is unknown.

关键词： Spirituality Religion Caregivers Caregiver Burden

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八十年代重型载重车用柴油机的发展趋向

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世界汽车 1982年第1期 1-8页

作者： h.W.barnes-Moss 吕铁山

引言在柴油机的发展历程中,提高经济性一直是设计人员追求的主要目标,但七十年代以来颁布了一系列有关汽车的限制法规,它对汽车柴油机的发展有着深远的影响,同时世界性的能源问题也对柴油机的燃油经济性提出了新的更高的要求,而从减少... 详细信息

引言在柴油机的发展历程中,提高经济性一直是设计人员追求的主要目标,但七十年代以来颁布了一系列有关汽车的限制法规,它对汽车柴油机的发展有着深远的影响,同时世界性的能源问题也对柴油机的燃油经济性提出了新的更高的要求,而从减少使用费用出发也对柴油机的使用可靠性、维护方便性提出了更高的要求,这些因素决定了汽车柴油机的发展方向。

关键词：发动机功率汽车总重比功率载重车直喷式柴油机涡轮增压器重型载重汽车重型卡车八十年代

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Nursing culture assessment tool (NCAT): Empirical validation for use in long-term care

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International Journal of Nursing Sciences 2014年第3期1卷 241-249页

作者： Tracey L.Yap Susan M.Kennerly elizabeth P.Flint Duke University School of Nursing 307 Trent Dr.DurhamNC 27710United States Duke University Center for the Study of Aging and human Development Box 3003 DUMCDurhamNC 27710United States University of North Carolina at Charlotte School of Nursing United States

Background:Capturing general aspects of the occupational subculture of nursing is needed in long-term care(LTC)given its latent influence on the quality of care that residents receive and on the ability of nursing staff(licensed nurses and certified nursing assistants)to implement evidence-based practice *** psychometrically validated Nursing Culture Assessment Tool(NCAT)provides a comprehensive assessment using six dimensions(teamwork,communication,satisfaction,professional commitment,behaviors,and expectations),and evaluation of these dimensions could help positively reshape the culture before any change ***:Aims were to:(1)assess the validity and reliability of the NCAT across nursing staff in a single type of clinical setting e LTC facilities,and(2)present a refined theoretical model of the interaction of culture and practice ***:A cross-sectional,exploratory investigation of the NCAT in LTC settings was *** construct validity of the 19-item NCAT's six subscales was investigated by confirmatory factor analysis using a sample of licensed nurses and certified nursing assistants(n?318).Results:The model fit was judged using the comparative fit index(0.94)and standardized root mean-square residual(0.05).Cronbach's alpha correlation coefficients of items in each subscale and in the overall scale ranged from 0.76 to ***:A summary of the NCAT development and report on its psychometric properties when administered in LTC settings is provided,extending previous findings of the NCAT's enhanced stability when used in assessing nursing staff perceptions in LTC and by demonstrating that the NCAT is a reliable and valid psychometric screening tool for nursing culture.

关键词： Nursing culture Staff assessment Long-term care Occupational subculture framework

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