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Oxidative stress battles neuronal Bcl-xL in a fight to the death

Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第1期16卷 12-15页

作者： Han-A Park Katheryn Broman elizabeth A.Jonas Department of Human Nutrition and Hospitality Management College of Human Environmental SciencesThe University of AlabamaTuscaloosaALUSA Department of Internal Medicine Section of EndocrinologyYale UniversityNew HavenCTUSA

Bcl-xL is a pro-survival protein of the Bcl2 family found in the mitochondrial ***-xL supports growth,development,and maturation of neurons,and it also prevents neuronal death during neurotoxic *** article reviews the mechanisms and upstream signaling that regulate the activity and abundance of *** team and others have reported that oxidative stress is a key regulator of intracellular Bcl-xL balance in *** stress regulates synthesis,degradation,and activity of Bcl-xL and therefore neuronal *** apoptosis,pro-apoptotic Bcl2 proteins such as Bax and Bak translocate to and oligomerize in the mitochondrial *** of oligomers causes release of cytochrome c and activation of caspases that lead to neuronal ***-xL binds directly to pro-apoptotic Bcl2 proteins to block apoptotic *** anti-apoptotic roles of Bcl-xL have been well documented,an increasing number of studies in recent decades show that protein binding partners of Bcl-xL are not limited to Bcl2 ***-xL forms a complex with F1Fo ATP synthase,DJ-1,DRP1,IP3R,and the ryanodine *** proteins support physiological processes in neurons such as growth and development and prevent neuronal damage by regulating mitochondrial ATP production,synapse formation,synaptic vesicle recycling,neurotransmission,and calcium ***,under conditions of oxidative stress,Bcl-xL undergoes proteolytic cleavage thus lowering the abundance of functional Bcl-xL in ***,oxidative stress alters formation of Bcl-xL-mediated multiprotein complexes by regulating post-translational ***,oxidative stress regulates transcription factors that target the Bcl-x gene and alter accessibility of microRNA to mRNA influencing mRNA levels of *** this review,we discussed how Bcl-xL supports the normal physiology of neurons,and how oxidative stress contributes to pathology by manipulating the dynamics of Bcl

关键词： ATP Bcl-xL F1Fo ATP synthase mitochondria neuroprotection oxidative stress

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Effect of organic acids—essential oils blend and oat fiber combination on broiler chicken growth performance, blood parameters, and intestinal health

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Animal Nutrition 2021年第4期7卷 1039-1051页

作者： Deborah I.Adewole Samson Oladokun elizabeth Santin Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture Faculty of AgricultureDalhousie UniversityTruroNSB2N 5E3Canada b JEFO Nutrition Inc.Saint-HyacintheQC J2R 2E7Canada

This study evaluated the effect of organic acids-essential oils blend with or without oat hulls(OH)on growth performance,organ weights,blood parameters,gut morphology,microbiota,and short-chain fatty acids(SC FA)in ***-old broiler chickens were randomly allocated to 4 dieta ry treatments consisting of 1)a corn-soybean meal-wheat based diet(BAS),2)BAS+0.05%bacitracin methylene disalicylate(BMD),3)BAS+protected organic acids-essential oils at 300 g/1,000 kg of feed(OE),and 4)BAS+protected organic acids-essential oils at 300 g/1,000 kg of feed+3%OH(OEOH),in 8 replicate *** was in starter(d0 to 14),grower(d 14 to 24),and finisher(d 24 to 36)*** weight(BW),feed intake(FI),feed conversion ratio(FCR),and mortality were determined *** d 36,8 chickens per treatment were sampled for blood biochemistry,organ weights,cecal SCFA production,and *** had no effect on FI and FCR at all *** OE and OEOH treatments reduced(P<0.001)the body weight gain of birds at the starter *** fed the OEOH treatment had higher(P<0.001)gizzard weight,while those offered the BMD diet showed a tendency(P=0.08)to have higher cecal *** in the OEOH treatment recorded increased ileal villus height and villus height-to-crypt depth ratio,as well as reduced duodenal crypt depth,while birds in the OE treatment had increased j ej unal villus height and villus height-to-crypt depth *** OEOH and OE treatments increased the number of goblet cells produced in the duodenum and *** had no effecton SCFA *** in the OE treatment recorded the lowest concentration of blood urea(P=0.05)and cholesterol(P<0.05).Both OE and OEOH treatments increased(P<0.05)the relative abundance of potentially beneficial bacteria in the genus Firmicutesunclassified,Ruminococcus,Turicibacter,and Erysipelotrichaceaeunclassified,while reducing(P<0.001)the relative abundance of potentially harmful ***,bo

关键词： Organic acid Essential oil Oat hull Broiler chicken Ceca microbiota

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On the potential of iPhone significant location data to characterize individual mobility for air pollution health studies

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2022年第5期16卷 109-113页

作者： Eastman elizabeth A.Stevens Kelly Ivey Cesunica Haofei Yu Department of Civil Environmentaland Construction EngineeringUniversity of Central FloridaOrlandoFL 32816USA School of Public Administration University of Central FloridaOrlandoFL 32801USA Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of California-BerkeleyBerkeleyCA 94720USA

In many air pollution health studies,the time-activity pattern of individuals is often ignored largely due to lack of ***,a better understanding of this location-based information is expected to decrease uncertainties in exposure ***,we showcase the potential of iPhone’s Significant Location(iSL)data in capturing the user’s historical time-activity patterns in order to estimate exposure to ambient air *** this study,one subject carried an iPhone in tandem with a reference GPS tracking device for one *** GPS device recorded locations in 10 second intervals while the iSL recorded the time spent in locations the subject visited *** GPS data as a reference,we then evaluated the accuracy of iSL data in capturing the subject’s time-activity patterns and time-weighted air pollution concentration within the study time *** found the iSL data accurately captured the time the subject spent in 16 microenvironments(*** the subject visited more than once),which was 93%of the time during the study *** average error of time-weighted aerosol optical depth value,a surrogate of particle pollution,is only 0.012%.To explore the availability of iSL data among iPhone users,an online survey was *** the 349 surveyed participants,72%of them have iSL data *** the popularity of iPhones,iSL data may be available for a significant portion of the general *** results suggest iSL data have great potential for characterizing historical time-activity patterns to improve air pollution exposure estimation.

关键词： Air pollution exposure Human mobility iPhone Significant Location Smartphone data

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Current and near-term advances in Earth observation for ecological applications

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Ecological Processes 2021年第1期10卷 1-57页

作者： Susan L.Ustin elizabeth M.Middleton John Muir Institute of the Environment University of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616USA NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center(Emerita) GreenbeltMD 20771USA.

There is an unprecedented array of new satellite technologies with capabilities for advancing our understanding of ecological processes and the changing composition of the Earth’s biosphere at scales from local plots to the whole *** identified 48 instruments and 13 platforms with multiple instruments that are of broad interest to the environmental sciences that either collected data in the 2000s,were recently launched,or are planned for launch in this *** have restricted our review to instruments that primarily observe terrestrial landscapes or coastal margins and are available under free and open data *** focused on imagers that passively measure wavelengths in the reflected solar and emitted thermal *** suite of instruments we describe measure land surface characteristics,including land cover,but provide a more detailed monitoring of ecosystems,plant communities,and even some species then possible from historic *** newer instruments have potential to greatly improve our understanding of ecosystem functional relationships among plant traits like leaf mass area(LMA),total nitrogen content,and leaf area index(LAI).They provide new information on physiological processes related to photosynthesis,transpiration and respiration,and stress detection,including capabilities to measure key plant and soil biophysical *** include canopy and soil temperature and emissivity,chlorophyll fluorescence,and biogeochemical contents like photosynthetic pigments(e.g.,chlorophylls,carotenoids,and phycobiliproteins from cyanobacteria),water,cellulose,lignin,and nitrogen in foliar *** data will enable us to quantify and characterize various soil properties such as iron content,several types of soil clays,organic matter,and other *** of these satellites are in low Earth orbit(LEO),but we include a few in geostationary orbit(GEO)because of their potential to measure plant physiological traits over diurnal periods,impro

关键词： Terrestrial ecosystems Earth Observing Satellites Ecosystem processes Physiological functions Multispectral Hyperspectral Thermal LiDAR Radar imagers Biochemistry Soil properties Species mapping Change detection 3D canopy structure Topography

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Characterization of the D" beneath the Galapagos Islands using SKKS and SKS waveforms

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Earthquake Science 2011年第1期24卷 87-99页

作者： elizabeth Vanacore Fenglin Niu Department of Earth Science Rice University Houston TX 77005 USA Research School of Earth Sciences The Australian National University Canberra ACT 0200 Australia

SKS and SKKS waveforms from 16 events occurring between 2003 and 2005 in the Tonga Trench that were recorded by the BOLIVAR array are analyzed to determine the structure of the D＂ layer beneath the Galapagos Islands. 248 differential travel-time residuals of SKKS-SKS are measured and reveal a region of positive residuals of differential travel times in the northeast portion of the sampled region. Analyzing correlation statistics between the measured SKKS-SKS residuals and the observed absolute travel time delay of the individual SKS and SKKS phases for two events with high data quality, we determine that the residual differential travel time is due to excess low velocity along the SKKS raypaths. First order modeling of three potential low velocity structures, ultra-low velocity zones （ULVZ）, plume conduit, D＂ structure, indicates that the observed SKKS-SKS residuals can be best explained by a low velocity anomaly within the D＂ layer. To determine the presence of lower mantle anisotropy, amplitude ratios of the radial and transverse component of SKS and SKKS waveform are calculated and compared. Regions with significant presence of seismic anisotropy are interpreted as the edge of the flow field associated with a hypothetical mantle upwelling.

关键词： SKKS-SKS D" structure plume formation anisotropy differential travel-time residuals

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Increased presence of effector lymphocytes during Helicobacter hepaticus-induced colitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第13期18卷 1459-1469页

作者： Sarah J McCaskey elizabeth A Rondini Jonathan F Clinthorne Ingeborg M Langohr elizabeth M Gardner Jenifer I Fenton Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition College of Osteopathic MedicineMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824United States Department of Food Science Human Nutrition Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824United States Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing MI 48824United States

AIM： To identify and characterize drosophila mothers against decapentaplegic （SMAD）3-dependent changes in immune cell populations following infection with He- Iicobacter hepaticus （H. hepaticus）. METHODS： SMAD3/ （n = L9） and colitis-resistant SMAD3＋/ （n = 24） mice （8-10 wk of age） were in- fected with/-/, hepaticus and changes in immune cell populations [T lymphocytes, natural killer （NK） cells, T regulatory cells] were measured in the spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes （MsLNs） at 0 d, 3 d, 7 d and 28 d post-infection using flow cytometry. Genotype-dependent changes in T lymphocytes and granzyme B＋ cells were also assessed after 28 d in proximal colon tissue using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS： As previously observed, SMAD3＋, but not SMAD3＋/- mice, developed colitis, peaking at 4 wk post-infection. No significant changes in T cell subsets were observed in the spleen or in the MsLNs between genotypes at any time point. However, CD4＋ and CD8＋/ CD62L＋＋ cells, an effector T lymphocyte population, as well as NK cells （NKp46/DX5＋） were significantly higher in the MsLNs of SMAD3/ mice at 7 d and 28 d post-in- fection. In the colon, a higher number of CD3＋ cells were present in SMAD3＋ compared to SMAD3＋/- mice at base- line, which did not significantly change during infection. However, the number of granzyme B＋ cells, a marker of cytolytic lymphoo/tes, significantly increased in SMAD3＋ mice 28 d post-infection compared to both SMAD3＋/- mice and to baseline values. This was consistent with more severe colitis development in these animals. CONCLUSION： Data suggest that defects in SMAD3 signaling increase susceptibility to H. hepaticus-induced colitis through aberrant activation and/or dysregulation of effector lymphoo/tes.

关键词： Transforming growth factor-J3 Colitis Dro-sophila mothers against decapentaplegic Colon cancer T lymphocytes

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The computerized LASSI-BC Test versus the Standard LASSI-L Paper-and-Pencil Version in Community-Based-Samples

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Advances in Alzheimer's Disease 2024年第1期13卷 11-25页

作者： Rosie E. Curiel Cid Alexandra Ortega Ubbo Visser Marcela Kitaigorodsky D. Diane Zheng Diana Hincapie Kirsten Horne Crenshaw Ashleigh Beaulieu Brooke Bosworth Liz Gallardo Emory Neer Sofia Ramirez elizabeth A. Crocco Mike Georgiou Efrosyni Sfakianaki David A. Loewenstein Center for Cognitive Neuroscience and Aging and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Miller School of Medicine University of Miami Miami FL USA Department of Computer Sciences University of Miami Coral Gables FL USA Nova Southeastern University Fort Lauderdale FL USA Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Miller School of Medicine University of Miami Miami FL USA

Proactive Semantic Interference (PSI) and failure to recover from PSI (frPSI), are novel constructs assessed by the LASSI-L. These measures are sensitive to cognitive changes in early Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and preclinical AD determined by Aβ load using PET. The goal of this study was to compare a new computerized version of the LASSI-L (LASSI-Brief Computerized) to the standard paper-and-pencil version of the test. In this study, we examined 110 cognitively unimpaired (CU) older adults and 79 with amnestic MCI (aMCI) who were administered the paper-and-pencil form of the LASSI-L. Their performance was compared with 62 CU older adults and 52 aMCI participants examined using the LASSI-BC. After adjustment for covariates (degree of initial learning, sex, education, and language of evaluation) both the standard and computerized versions distinguished between aMCI and CU participants. The performance of CU and aMCI groups using either form was relatively commensurate. Importantly, an optimal combination of Cued B2 recall and Cued B1 intrusions on the LASSI-BC yielded an area under the ROC curve of .927, a sensitivity of 92.3% and specificity of 88.1%, relative to an area under the ROC curve of .815, a sensitivity of 72.5%, and a specificity of 79.1% obtained for the paper-and-pencil LASSI-L. Overall, the LASSI-BC was comparable, and in some ways, superior to the paper-and-pencil LASSI-L. Advantages of the LASSI-BC include a more standardized administration, suitability for remote assessment, and an automated scoring mechanism that can be verified by a built-in audio recording of responses.

关键词： Mild Cognitive Impairment Proactive Semantic Interference LASSI-L Computerized Cognitive Assessment

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Significance of long non-coding RNA AGPG for the metabolism of esophageal cancer

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Cancer Communications 2020年第7期40卷 313-315页

作者： Rebecca elizabeth Vargas Wenqi Wang Department of Developmental and Cell Biology University of CaliforniaIrvineCalifornia92697USA

Over the years,thousands of long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)have been identified to be exclusively expressed in specific cancer types and for their unique functions in *** has led to an increasing interest in elucidating the vital roles[1]and underlying mechanism[2,3]of such non-coding genome in driving cancerous phenotypes.A number of studies have pinpointed the key functions of lncRNAs in diverse biological events including chromatin interactions,transcriptional regulation,RNA processing,mRNA stabilization,signal transduction,and metabolic regulation;highlighting their essential roles in both physiology and diseases such as cancer[4].

关键词： metabolism esophageal cancer

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Cryptomycota: the missing link

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Protein & Cell 2012年第3期3卷 161-162页

作者： Krishna Bolla elizabeth Jane Ashforth Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology Institute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China􀀍

Fungi have been well studied for 150 years and it was thought that there was a good understanding of the major evolutionary groups,but new findings by UK researchers from the University of Exeter have radically changed this *** a local pond near the Exeter University,UK,they discovered a diverse and deep evolutionary branch of fungi named Cryptomycota(Greek:crypto,hidden;mycota,fungi)that has now doubled our knowledge of fungal diversity.

关键词： doubled branch Cry

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Fate of polyphenols in pili(Canarium ovatum Engl.) pomace after in vitro simulated digestion

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2017年第1期7卷 53-58页

作者： elizabeth Hashim Arenas Trinidad Palad Trinidad Department of Food Technology College of EducationUniversity of Santo TomasEspanaManila 1015Philippines The Graduate School University of Santo TomasEspanaManila 1015Philippines

Objective: To evaluate the stability and bioavailability of polyphenols in pili(Canarium ovatum Engl.) pomace during simulated in vitro ***: Freeze-dried pili pomace was subjected to in vitro digestion simulating conditions in the stomach, small intestine and colon. Total polyphenols, anthocyanins, fl avonoids and condensed tannins, and its antioxidant activity – 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, 2,20-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiozoline-6-sulfonic acid, and ferric reducing antioxidant power were measured using standard spectrophotometric ***: In vitro digestion of pili pomace resulted in reduction of phenolic *** tannins and anthocyanins were released in the gastric and intestinal stages,while total polyphenols and flavonoids after fermentation simulating colonic *** values of the bioavailable fractions showed that more than 90% of activity was lost during simulated ***: Findings indicate that pili pomace is a promising functional ingredient for food and dietary supplements which can furnish potentially bioavailable phenolic antioxidants to the body.

关键词： Antioxidant In vitro digestion Phenolics Bioavailability Canarium ovatum Pili

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