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Culture conditions for equine bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and expression of key transcription factors during their differentiation into osteoblasts

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2014年第2期5卷 163-172页

作者： Elizabeth R A Glynn Alfredo Sanchez Londono Steven A Zinn Thomas A Hoagl Kristen E Govoni Department of Animal Science University of Connecticut3636 Horsebarn Road Ext.Unit 4040StorrsCT 06269-4040USA Department of Environmental and Population Health Tufts University North GraftonMA 01536USA

Background： The use of equine bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells （BMSC） is a novel method to improve fracture healing in horses. However, additional research is needed to identify optimal culture conditions and to determine the mechanisms involved in regulating BMSC differentiation into osteoblasts. The objectives of the experiments were to determine： 1） if autologous or commercial serum is better for proliferation and differentiation of equine BMSC into osteoblasts, and 2） the expression of key transcription factors during the differentiation of equine BMSC into osteoblasts. Equine BMSC were isolated from the sterna of 3 horses, treated with purchased fetal bovine serum （FBS） or autologous horse serum （HS）, and cell proliferation determined. To induce osteoblast differentiation, cells were incubated with L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate and glycerol-2-phosphate in the presence or absence of human bone morphogenetic protein2 （BMP2）, dexamethasone （DEX）, or combination of the two. Alkaline phosphatase （ALP） activity, a marker of osteoblast differentiation, was determined by ELISA. Total rNA was isolated from differentiating BMSC between d 0 to 18 to determine expression of runt-reloted tronscrJption foctor2 （runx2）, osterix （Osx）, and T-box3 （Tbx3）. Data were analyzed by ANOVA. results： relative to control, FBS and HS increased cell number （133 ± 5 and 116 ± 5%, respectively; P 〈 0.001） and 5-bromo- 2＇-deoxyuridine （BrdU） incorporation （167 ± 6 and 120 ± 6%, respectively; P 〈 0.001）. Treatment with DEX increased ALP activity compared with control （1,638 ± 38%; P 〈 0.001）. In the absence and presence of Dex, BMP-2 did not alter ALP activity （P 〉 0.8）. runt-reloted transcription foctor2 expression increased 3-fold （P 〈 0.001） by d 6 of culture. Osterix expression increased 94old （P 〈 0.05） by d 18 of culture. Expression of Tbx3 increased 1.8-fold at d 3 （P 〈 0.01）; however expression was reduced 4-fold at d 18 （P 〈 0.01）. Conclusions： Dexamethasone, but not BMP-2, is required for differentiation of equine BMSC into osteo

关键词： Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells Cell culture Equine Osteoblasts Transcription factors

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Hepatitis E virus: Western Cape, South Africa

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第44期22卷 9853-9859页

作者： richie G Madden Sebastian Wallace Mark Sonderup Stephen Korsman Tawanda Chivese Bronwyn Gavine Aniefiok Edem roxy Govender Nathan English Christy Kaiyamo Odelia Lutchman Annemiek A van der Eijk Suzan D Pas glynn W Webb Joanne Palmer elizabeth Goddard Sean Wasserman Harry r Dalton C Wendy Spearman royal Cornwall Hospital Trust and European Centre for Environment and Human Health University of Exeter Division of Hepatology Department of Medicine Faculty of Health Sciences University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital National Health Laboratory Service Groote Schuur Hospital Cape Town and Division of Medical Virology University of Cape Town Faculty of Health Sciences Department of Viroscience Erasmus Medical Centre Medical Center Rotterdam Department of Paediatrics Faculty of Health Sciences University of Cape Town and Red Cross Children’s Hospital Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine Department of Medicine Faculty of Health Sciences University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital

AIM To conduct a prospective assessment of anti-hepatitis E virus(HEV) Ig G seroprevalence in the Western Cape Province of South Africa in conjunction with evaluating risk factors for exposure.METHODS Consenting participants attending clinics and wards of Groote Schuur, red Cross Children's Hospital and their affiliated teaching hospitals in Cape Town, South Africa, were sampled. Healthy adults attending blood donor clinics were also recruited. Patients with known liver disease were excluded and all major ethnic/race groups were included to broadly represent local demographics. relevant demographic data was captured at the time of sampling using an interviewer-administered confidential questionnaire. Human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) status was self-disclosed. HEV Ig G testing was performed using the Wantai? assay.rESULTS HEV is endemic in the region with a seroprevalence of 27.9%(n = 324/1161) 95%CI: 25.3%-30.5%(21.9% when age-adjusted) with no significant differences between ethnic groups or HIV status. Seroprevalence in children is low but rapidly increases in early adulthood. With univariate analysis, age ≥ 30 years old, pork and bacon/ham consumption suggested risk. In the multivariate analysis, the highest risk factor for HEV Ig G seropositivity(Or = 7.679, 95%CI: 5.38-10.96, P rs or older followed by pork consumption(Or = 2.052, 95%CI: 1.39-3.03, P recent clinical case demonstrates that HEV genotype 3 may be currently circulating in the Western Cape.CONCLUSION Hepatitis E seroprevalence was considerably higher than previously thought suggesting that hepatitis E warrants consideration in any patient presenting with an unexplained hepatitis in the Western Cape, irrespective of travel history, age or ethnicity.

关键词： Hepatitis E Seroprevalence South Africa Pork consumption Genotype

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Preoperative virtual video visits only:a convenient option that should be offered to caregivers beyond the pandemic

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World Journal of Pediatric Surgery 2022年第3期5卷 169-175页

作者： Danielle Dougherty Allison r Thompson Karen elizabeth Speck Erin E Perrone Section of Pediatric Surgery Department of SurgeryUniversity of Michigan Health SystemAnn ArborMichiganUSA Department of Health Behavior and Health Education University of Michigan School of Public HealthAnn ArborMIUSA

Objective During the COVID-19 pandemic,our group implemented preoperative video visits(VVs)to limit physical contact.The aim of this study was to determine caregivers’and providers’perceptions of this practice and to determine feasibility for continuation.Methods All patients who had only a preoperative VV prior to an elective surgery were identified from March-October 2020.Caregivers,surgeons,and clinic staff were surveyed about their experiences.results Thirty-four preoperative VVs were followed by an elective surgery without a preceding in-person visit.Of the 31 caregiver surveys completed,the majority strongly agreed that the VV was more convenient(87%,n=27).Eighty-one percent(n=25)strongly agreed or agreed that the VV saved them money.Ninety-four percent(n=29)strongly agreed or agreed that they would choose the VV option again.Caregivers saved an average travel distance of 60.3 miles one way(range 6.1-480).Of the 13/17 providers who responded,77%(n=10)expressed that the practice should continue.Conclusions Virtual health became a necessity during the pandemic,and caregivers were overwhelmingly satisfied.Continuing VVs as an option beyond the pandemic may be a reasonable and effective way to help eliminate some of the hurdles that impede healthcare-seeking behavior and should be offered.

关键词： convenient beyond eliminate

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Colonoscopic evaluation in ulcerative colitis

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Gastroenterology report 2014年第3期2卷 161-168页

作者： elizabeth r.Paine G.V.(Sonny)Montgomery VA Medical Center and Division of Digestive Diseases Department of MedicineUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMSUSA

Colonoscopic evaluation is an important tool in the evaluation of ulcerative colitis(UC).UC is divided by disease extent into proctitis,proctosigmoiditis,left-sided colitis,and pan-colitis.In addition,a cecal or peri-appendiceal patch and backwash ileitis are associated with UC.The extent and behavior of UC has been characterized further using various indices and scoring systems;among these systems is the Mayo Score,which is widely used in current clinical trials for new medications.As these medical therapies for UC have developed,achieving mucosal healing with medications has become an important therapeutic objective.

关键词： ulcerative colitis colonoscopic evaluation disease activity mucosal healing

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Experiences of new family physicians finding jobs with obstetrical care in the USA

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Family Medicine and Community Health 2019年第26期7卷 13-21页

作者： Aimee r Eden Tyler Barreto elizabeth rose Hansen Department of research and Policy American Board of Family MedicineLexingtonKentuckyUSA Family and Community Medicine University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTexasUSA

Objective This study aimed to explore how new family medicine graduates who want to include obstetrics in their scope of practice identify and select jobs and to understand how employment influences scope of practice in family medicine,particularly the ability to provide maternity care and deliver babies.Design Mixed-methods study including a survey and qualitative interviews conducted in 2017.setting We electronically surveyed US family physicians and followed up with a purposeful subsample of these physicians to conduct in-depth,semistructured telephone interviews.Participants 1016 US family medicine residency graduates 2014-2016 who indicated that they intended to deliver babies in practice completed a survey;56 of these were interviewed.Main outcome measures The survey measured the reasons for not doing obstetrics as a family physician.To identify themes regarding finding family medicine jobs with obstetrics,we used a team-based,immersion-crystallisation approach to analyse the transcribed qualitative interviews.results Survey results(49%response rate)showed that not finding a job that included obstetrics was the primary reason newly graduated family physicians who intended to do obstetrics were not doing so.Qualitative interviews revealed that family physicians often find jobs with obstetrics through connections or recruitment efforts and make job decisions based on personal considerations such as included geographical preferences,family obligations and lifestyle.However,job-seeking and job-taking decisions are constrained by employment-related issues such as job structure,practice characteristics and lack of availability of family medicine jobs with obstetrics.Conclusions While personal reasons drove job selection for most physicians,their choices were constrained by multiple factors beyond their control,particularly availability of family medicine jobs allowing obstetrics.The shift from physician as practice owner to physician as employee in the USA has implications for job-seeking behaviours of newly grad

关键词： services finding seeking

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美国新毕业家庭医生寻找产科相关工作的体验

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中国全科医学 2020年第22期23卷 2749-2756页

背景足够的产科家庭医生对于确保患者获取必需的产科服务至关重要。然而,既往研究表明执业范围包含产科的家庭医生数量正在逐年减少,如今从事新生儿接生工作的家庭医生不到10%。目的旨在探究希望将产科纳入其执业范围的新毕业家庭医生... 详细信息

背景足够的产科家庭医生对于确保患者获取必需的产科服务至关重要。然而,既往研究表明执业范围包含产科的家庭医生数量正在逐年减少,如今从事新生儿接生工作的家庭医生不到10%。目的旨在探究希望将产科纳入其执业范围的新毕业家庭医生如何发现和选择工作,并进一步了解当前就业形势对家庭医生的执业范围,特别是产科、新生儿接生方面的影响。方法于2017年进行问卷调查和定性访谈的混合方法研究。对美国家庭医生进行电子问卷调查并在目的性子抽样后对这些医生进行深度半结构化电话访谈。问卷调查总结了家庭医生未从事产科工作的原因,为进一步明确选择从事产科工作的家庭医生的具体情况,采用基于群体的沉浸式方法来转译定性访谈的结果。本研究向2098例毕业于2014—2016年并希望从事新生儿接生工作的美国家庭医学专业实习医生发送调查问卷,回复1016份,回复率48.43%,其中56例接受了电话访谈。结果问卷调查结果显示,未能找到工作范围包含产科的工作是希望从事产科工作的家庭医学毕业生未从事该工作的主要原因。定性访谈结果显示,家庭医生通常通过人脉关系或人才招聘的途径找到产科相关工作,并根据地理位置偏好、家庭义务及生活方式要求等个人考虑因素做出选择。同时,求职过程和择业决策也受到工作结构、执业特点及缺乏产科相工作经验等因素的限制。结论虽然个人意向决定大部分医学生的工作选择,但其选择仍受到多种不可控因素限制,特别是家庭医学工作提供产科相关工作的能力。美国毕业医学生从医院实习生到执业医师的转变同时影响着毕业生的求职选择和医疗机构患者寻求医疗服务的质量。因此,了解就业情况对家庭医生就业范围的影响方式,有助于进一步明确如何协助家庭医生在其希望从事的范围内工作并对其进行相应协助,从而确保每一个家庭可以获得更好的医疗服务。

关键词：混合方法学家庭医生产科毕业生美国

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慢性疾病康复进展:改善健康预后和功能水平

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英国医学杂志中文版 2020年第1期23卷 29-42页

作者： Caroline r richardson Barry Franklin Marilyn L Moy elizabeth A Jackson (译) 莫云凌(审校) Department of Family Medicine University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48104USA Oakland University WilliamBeaumont School of MedicineRochesterMIUSA Harvard Medical School BostonMAUSA University of Alabama BirminghamALUSA The university of Bristol 航空医学研究所附属医院

医疗保健系统的大量负担与慢性疾病如心血管疾病和慢性阻塞性肺疾病的管理有关。虽然常规门诊心肺康复计划显著降低了慢性疾病患者的发病率和病死率,改善了患者的功能水平以及与健康相关的生活质量,但康复计划并没有得到充分利用。阻止... 详细信息

医疗保健系统的大量负担与慢性疾病如心血管疾病和慢性阻塞性肺疾病的管理有关。虽然常规门诊心肺康复计划显著降低了慢性疾病患者的发病率和病死率,改善了患者的功能水平以及与健康相关的生活质量,但康复计划并没有得到充分利用。阻止患者参加康复计划的障碍来自多个方面,包括未能向患者推荐这些服务、没有把患者转诊到这些项目;关于康复计划的潜在益处没有和患者沟通清楚;患者自身因素使其难以参加以设施为基础的康复计划,这些因素具体包括后勤障碍、财政困难、合并症和相互竞争的需求。康复计划的最新进展涉及远程交付技术(remotely delivered technology),这有助于向更多可能受益的人提供服务。最近的临床试验研究了以家庭为基础的康复计划在强度、依从性和安全性方面存在的问题,正在进行更大规模的推广和实施试验。本文总结了参加心肺康复计划对患者有益的证据,对下述有关新进展的文献进行了综述:如为降低成本、改善可及性开发的家庭远程遥控锻炼计划、心脏康复中的高强度间歇训练,以及针对慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者的替代疗法,如太极拳和瑜伽等。

关键词：康复计划临床试验研究慢性疾病患者心脏康复慢性阻塞性肺疾病心血管疾病远程遥控依从性

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Sodium and water perturbations in patients who had an acute stroke:clinical relevance and management strategies for the neurologist

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2022年第3期7卷 258-266页

作者： Kevin C J Yuen Valerie Sharf elizabeth Smith Minhwan Kim Alissya S M Yuen Paul r MacDonald Departments of Neuroendocrinology and Neurosurgery Barrow Neurological InstitutePhoenixArizonaUSA University of Arizona College of Medicine and Creighton School of Medicine PhoenixArizonaUSA Department of Neurology Barrow Neurological InstitutePhoenixArizonaUSA Midwestern University GlendaleIllinoisUSA Creighton University School of Medicine PhoenixArizonaUSA University of California Davis DavisCaliforniaUSA

Sodium and water perturbations,manifesting as hyponatraemia and hypernatraemia,are common in patients who had an acute stroke,and are associated with worse outcomes and increased mortality.Other non-stroke related causes of sodium and water perturbations in these patients include underlying comorbidities and concomitant medications.Additionally,hospitalised patients who had an acute stroke may receive excessive intravenous hypotonic solutions,have poor fluid intake due to impaired neurocognition and consciousness,may develop sepsis or are administered drugs(eg,mannitol);factors that can further alter serum sodium levels.Sodium and water perturbations can also be exacerbated by the development of endocrine consequences after an acute stroke,including secondary adrenal insufficiency,syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion and diabetes insipidus.recently,COVID-19 infection has been reported to increase the risk of development of sodium and water perturbations that may further worsen the outcomes of patients who had an acute stroke.Because there are currently no accepted consensus guidelines on the management of sodium and water perturbations in patients who had an acute stroke,we conducted a systematic review of the literature published in English and in peer-reviewed journals between January 2000 and December 2020,according to PrISMA guidelines,to assess on the current knowledge and clinical practices of this condition.In this review,we discuss the signs and symptoms of hyponatraemia and hypernatraemia,the pathogenesis of hyponatraemia and hypernatraemia,their clinical relevance,and we provide our recommendations for effective treatment strategies for the neurologist in the management of sodium and water perturbations in commonly encountered aetiologies of patients who had an acute stroke.

关键词： patients impaired consequences

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Adaptation to a novel host and performance trade-off in host-generalist and host-specific insect ectoparasites

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Insect Science 2022年第2期29卷 567-580页

作者： Irina S.Khokhlova Luther van der Mescht elizabeth M.Warburton Nadezhda A.Stavtseva Boris r.Krasnov Wyler Department of Dryland Agriculture French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of DrylandsJacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert ResearchBen-Gurion University of the NegevSede Boqer CampusMidreshet Ben-GurionIsrael Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology Swiss Institute for Dryland Environmental and Energy ResearchJacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert ResearchBen-Gurion University of the NegevSede Boqer CampusMidreshet Ben-GurionIsrael Clinvet International Center for the Ecology of Infectious Diseases Odum School of EcologyUniversity of Georgia

We investigated the performance trade-offs of fleas(Siphonaptera)while adapting to a novel host using two host generalists(Xenopsylla conformis and Xenopsylla ramesis)and one host specialist(Parapulex chephrenis)maintained on their principal hosts(Meriones crassus for Xenopsylla and Acomys cahirinus for P.chephrenis).We asked whether,over generations,(i)a host generalist may become a specialist by evolving the ability to exploit a novel host and losing the ability to exploit an original host and(ii)a host specialist can become a generalist by evolving the ability to exploit a novel host without losing the ability to exploit an original host.We established an experimental line of each species on a novel host(Acomys russatus for Xenopsylla and M.crassus for P.chephrenis)and maintained this line on this host during 23 generations.We compared reproductive performance of progenitors of each line and their descendants when they exploited either original or novel host in terms of egg number and size,hatching success,offspring production,and offspring size.We found changes in performance over generations in female offspring size only.Xenopsylla conformis demonstrated a tendency to become a host specialist(increased performance on the novel host with a concomitant decreased performance on the original host),whereas P.chephrenis demonstrated a tendency to become a host generalist(increased performance on the novel host without a concomitant decreased performance on the original host).We conclude that the probability of generalist to specialist transition,and vice versa,is context-dependent and varies between species.

关键词： experimental evolution fleas generalist performance rodents specialist

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Free tissue reconstruction of the anterior skull base:A review

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2020年第2期6卷 132-136页

作者： elizabeth Bradford Bell Erin r.Cohen Zoukaa Sargi Jason Leibowitz Department of Otolaryngology University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA

Objective:There has been a significant shift from open craniofacial resection of the anterior skull base to endoscopic approaches that accomplish the same outcomes in tumor ablation.However,when open resection is required,free flap reconstruction is often necessary to provide sufficient well-vascularized tissue for optimal wound healing as well as providing adequate tissue bulk for cosmesis.This articleaims to providea focused review of free flaps most commonly used in anterior skull base reconstruction.Methods:This is a state-of-the-art review based on expert opinion and previously published reviews and journal articles,queried using PubMed and Google Scholar.results&conclusion:Anterior skull base reconstruction via free tissue transfer is imperative in limiting complications and promoting healing,particularly with large defects,post-radiation,and in at-risk patients.The type of free flap utilized for a particular anterior skull base reconstruction should be tailored to the patient and nature of the disease.This review offers insight into the numerous reconstructive options for the free flap surgeon.

关键词： Free tissue transfer Anterior skull base Head and neck microvascular reconstruction

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