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Planted forest is catching up with natural forest in China in terms of carbon density and carbon storage

Fundamental Research 2022年第5期2卷 688-696页

作者： Boyi liang Jia Wang Zheyuan Zhang Jia Zhang Junping Zhang elizabeth l.cressey Zong Wang College of Forestry Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083China Precision Forestry Key laboratory of Beijing Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083China Mapping and 3S Technology Center Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083China Geography College of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of ExeterExeterEX44RJUK

Over the last several decades,China has taken multiple measures for afforestation and natural forest protection,including setting the goal of carbon neutrality by the middle of 21th century.In order to support the practice of relevant policies from the scientific perspective,it is essential to precisely estimate the carbon storage of arbor forest,as it plays an important role in the carbon cycle of ecosystems.In this study,we first used the latest four phases of national forest inventory data to investigate the variation of carbon storage for both natural and planted arbor forest in China during the covered period(1999-2018).Then we used machine leaning methods to simulate the carbon density based on various kinds of environmental factors and analyzed the contribution of each influencing factor.Our results demonstrate that the total carbon storage for arbor forest in China kept increasing over the last two decades,but this increment was mainly brought about by the continuous expansion of forest land.The gap of carbon sequestration between natural forest and planted forest showed a significant trend of reduction.Additionally,tree age was identified as the dominant factor for influencing the spatiotemporal variation of carbon density among all the independent variables while the impact of climatic factor was limited.Therefore,the future improvement of carbon sequestration of arbor forest in should mainly rely on additional projects of afforestation,reforestation,green space conservation and reduction of emissions in China.Conclusions of this study have important implications for policy makers and other stakeholders to evaluate the previous achievement of environmental projects and can also help to set future plans and finally realize the goals of carbon neutrality.

关键词： National forestry inventory Forest stand volume Carbon storage Carbon density Machine learning

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Degradation and resynthesis of chlorophyll during increased oxidative stress and prolonged darkness differ between annual and perennial flax(linum l.)

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Oil Crop Science 2024年第2期9卷 121-130页

作者： Kenyon J. Nisbett Abida Alokozai Su Hyun elizabeth Ko G. Adam Mott Jason C.l. Browna Department of Biological Sciences University of Toronto ScarboroughTorontoONCanada Department of Cell&Systems Biology University of TorontoTorontoONCanada Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution&Function University of TorontoTorontoONCanada

Among plants,there is considerable variation in lifespan:annuals live less than one year,whereas perennials live for several years,with the longest-living perennial having survived 43,600 years.As proposed by the Disposable Soma Theory,this lifespan variation among plants likely reflects differential investment of limited energy and nutrient resources,with perennials investing more energy and nutrients into biomolecular maintenance compared to annuals in order to ensure persistence over multiple seasons.Such differential investment may be particularly important during periods of exogenous stress,which are known to accelerate biomolecular damage.The present study evaluated this hypothesis using annual and perennial flax(linum l.)subjected to two exogenous stressors—increased oxidative stress(i.e.,foliar H2O2spraying)and complete prolonged darkness.As chlorophyll has been shown to exhibit degradation in response to changes in environmental conditions,we utilized changes in chlorophyll levels during and after periods of exogenous stress to evaluate our hypotheses.We predicted that i)perennials would exhibit a slower rate of chlorophyll degradation during exposure to exogenous stressors compared to annuals,and ii)perennials would exhibit a faster rate of chlorophyll resynthesis following such exposure compared to annuals.Chlorophyll levels before,during,and after exposure to both exogenous stressors were measured in two separate trails,once using image colour analysis and once using spectrophotometry.While chlorophyll degradation rates in response to oxidative stress did not differ between annuals and perennials,contrary to our predictions,chlorophyll resynthesis rates following such exposure were significantly higher in perennials,as predicted.When plants were subjected to complete prolonged darkness,chlorophyll degradation rates were significantly lower in perennials than annuals,as predicted;however,when plants were subsequently reintroduced to natural photoperiod,chlorophyll resynthesis rates did not consistently

关键词： Ageing life history Maximum lifespan Oxidative stress Somatic maintenance

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How completely are randomized controlled trials of non-pharmacological interventions following concussion reported? A systematic review

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第4期13卷 537-547页

作者： Jacqueline Josee van Ierssel Olivia Galea Kirsten Holte Caroline luszawski elizabeth Jenkins Jennifer O’Neil Carolyn A Emery Rebekah Mannix Kathryn Schneider Keith Owen Yeates Roger Zemek Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute OttawaON K1H 8L1Canada The Centre for Health Activity and Rehabilitation ResearchUniversity of OtagoDunedin 9016New Zealand Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre Faculty of KinesiologyUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAB T2N 1N4Canada Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute University of Calgary CalgaryAB T2N 1N4Canada Hotchkiss Brain Institute University of CalgaryCalgaryAB T2N 4N1Canada Department of Psychology University of CalgaryCalgaryAB T2N 1N4Canada g Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaON K1H 8M5Canada School of Rehabilitation Sciences University of OttawaOttawaON K1H 8M5Canada Bruyere Research Institute OttawaON K1N 5C8Canada Departments of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02115USA Departments of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine University of OttawaOttawaON K1H 8M5Canada

Purpose:The study aimed to examine the reporting completeness of randomized controlled trials(RCTs)of non-pharmacological interventions following concussion.Methods:We searched MEDlINE,Embase,PsycInfo,CINAHl,and Web of Science up to May 2022.Two reviewers independently screened studies and assessed reporting completeness using the Template for Intervention Description and Replication(TIDieR),Consensus on Exercise Reporting Template(CERT),and international Consensus on Therapeutic Exercise aNd Training(i-CONTENT)checklists.Additional information was sought my study authors where reporting was incomplete.Risk of bias(ROB)was assessed with the Cochrane ROB-2 Tool.RCTs examining non-pharmacological interventions following concussion.Results:We included 89 RCTs(n=53 high ROB)examining 11 different interventions for concussion:sub-symptom threshold aerobic exercise,cervicovestibular therapy,physical/cognitive rest,vision therapy,education,psychotherapy,hyperbaric oxygen therapy,transcranial magnetic stimulation,blue light therapy,osteopathic manipulation,and head/neck cooling.Median scores were:TIDieR 9/12(75%;interquartile range(IQR)=5;range:5-12),CERT 17/19(89%;IQR=2;range:10-19),and i-CONTENT 6/7(86%;IQR=1;range:5-7).Percentage of studies completely reporting all items was TIDieR 35%(31/89),CERT 24%(5/21),and i-CONTENT 10%(2/21).Studies were more completely reported after publication of TIDieR(t_(87)=2.08;p=0.04)and CERT(t_(19)=2.72;p=0.01).Reporting completeness was not strongly associated with journal impact factor(TIDieR:rs=0.27;p=0.01;CERT:r_(s)=-0.44;p=0.06;i-CONTENT:r_(s)=-0.17;p=0.48)or ROB(TIDieR:rs=0.11;p=0.31;CERT:rs=0.04;p=0.86;i-CONTENT:rs=0.12;p=0.60).Conclusion:RCTs of non-pharmacological interventions following concussion demonstrate moderate to good reporting completeness,but are often missing key components,particularly modifications,motivational strategies,and qualified supervisor.Reporting completeness improved after TIDieR and CERT publication,but publication in highly cited journals and low ROB

关键词： Concussion Intervention Randomized controlled trial Systematic review

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A rat model of multicompartmental traumatic injury and hemorrhagic shock induces bone marrow dysfunction and profound anemia

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Animal Models and Experimental Medicine 2024年第3期7卷 367-376页

作者： lauren S.Kelly Jennifer A.Munley Erick E.Pons Kolenkode B.Kannan elizabeth M.Whitley letitia E.Bible Philip A.Efron Alicia M.Mohr Department of Surgery and Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center University of Florida College of MedicineGainesvilleFloridaUSA Pathogenesis LLCGainesvilleFloridaUSA

Background:Severe trauma is associated with systemic inflammation and organ dysfunction.Preclinical rodent trauma models are the mainstay of postinjury research but have been criticized for not fully replicating severe human trauma.The aim of this study was to create a rat model of multicompartmental injury which recreates profound traumatic injury.Methods:Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to unilateral lung contusion and hemorrhagic shock(lCHS),multicompartmental polytrauma(PT)(unilateral lung contusion,hemorrhagic shock,cecectomy,bifemoral pseudofracture),or na?ve controls.Weight,plasma toll-l ike receptor 4(TlR4),hemoglobin,spleen to body weight ratio,bone marrow(BM)erythroid progenitor(CFU-GEMM,BFU-E,and CFU-E)growth,plasma granulocyte colony-stimulating factor(G-CSF)and right lung histologic injury were assessed on day 7,with significance defined as p valueslts:Polytrauma resulted in markedly more profound inhibition of weight gain compared to lCHS(p=0.0002)along with elevated plasma TlR4(plower hemoglobin(plarged spleen to body weight ratios(p=0.004).Both lCHS and PT demonstrated suppression of CFU-E and BFU-E growth compared to na?ve(plasma G-CSF was elevated in PT compared to both na?ve and lCHS(plCHS and PT demonstrated significant histologic right lung injury with poor alveolar wall integrity and interstitial edema.Conclusions:Multicompartmental injury as described here establishes a reproducible model of multicompartmental injury with worsened anemia,splenic tissue enlargement,weight loss,and increased inflammatory activity compared to a less severe model.This may serve as a more effective model to recreate profound traumatic injury to replicate the human inflammatory response postinjury.

关键词： anemia i nflammation polytrauma pseudofracture shock

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lKB1 depletion-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition induces fibroblast activation in lung fibrosis

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第3期11卷 417-426页

作者： Zijian Xu elizabeth R.Davies liudi Yao Yilu Zhou Juanjuan li Aiman Alzetani Ben G.Marshall David Hancock Tim Wallis Julian Downward Rob M.Ewing Donna E.Davies Mark G.Jones Yihua Wang Biological Sciences Faculty of Environmental and Life SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthampton SO171BJUK clinical and Experimental Sciences Faculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthampton SO166YDUK Institute for life Sciences University of SouthamptonSouthampton SO171BJUK NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre University Hospital SouthamptonSouthampton SO166YDUK University Hospital Southampton Southampton SO166YDUK Oncogene Biology The Francis Crick InstituteLondon NW11ATUK

The factors that determine fibrosis progression or normal tissue repair are largely unknown.We previously demonstrated that autophagy inhibition-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)in human alveolar epithelial type Il(ATIl)cells augments local myofibroblast differentiation in pulmonary fibrosis by paracrine signaling.Here,we report that liver kinase B1(lKB1)inactivation in ATIl cells inhibits autophagy and induces EMT as a conse-quence.In IPF lungs,this is caused by the down-regulation of CAB39l,a key subunit within the lKB1 complex.3D co-cultures of ATIl cells and MRC5 lung fibroblasts coupled with RNA sequencing(RNA-seq)confirmed that paracrine signaling between lKB1-depleted ATIl cells and fibroblasts augmented myofibroblast differentiation.Together,these data suggest that reduced autophagy caused by lKB1 inhibition can induce EMT in ATIl cells and contribute to fibrosis via aberrant epithelial-fibroblast crosstalk.

关键词： CAB39l Crosstalk EMT lKB1 Pulmonary fibrosis

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重症监护室护士限制治疗努力的能力:整合性综述

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International Journal of Nursing Sciences 2024年第1期11卷 143-154,I0003页

作者： Elvia R.lopez-Panza Vanessa C.Pacheco-Roys Kelly J.Fernandez-Ahumada Diana C.Díaz-Mass María Y.Exposito-Concepcion elizabeth Villarreal-Cantillo Cesar I.Aviles Gonzalez Nursing Department Universidad del NorteBarranquillaColombia Nursing Program Faculty of Health SciencesUniversidad Popular del CesarValleduparColombia Clínica Valledupar ValleduparColombia Hospital Universidad del Norte SoledadColombia Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health University of CagliariCittadella Universitaria di MonserratoCagliariItaly

目的在重症监护病房(IntensiveCareUnit,ICU),护土难免会遇到需要限制治疗努力(limiting therapeutie efort,lTE)的患者,尽管多数护士还缺乏为这些临终患者及其家庭提供支持的准备。本综述旨在描述ICU护士在lTE中需要具备的能力。方法对... 详细信息

目的在重症监护病房(IntensiveCareUnit,ICU),护土难免会遇到需要限制治疗努力(limiting therapeutie efort,lTE)的患者,尽管多数护士还缺乏为这些临终患者及其家庭提供支持的准备。本综述旨在描述ICU护士在lTE中需要具备的能力。方法对2010年--2023年发表的文献进行综述。系统检索了5个数据库:Medline、Wiley Online library、SciElO、ScienceDirect和Web of Science。使用关键评估项目工具西班牙语版(Critical Appraisal Skills Programme in Spanish,CASPe)作为评判性阅读工具。使用牛津循证医学中心(Center for Evidence-Based Medicine.,CEBM)评估工具确定证据级别和推荐强度。结果共纳入25篇文献。ICU护士lTE护理的能力包括对患者的直接护理、以家庭为中心的护理以及护士在团队中的作用。该综述确定了3个类别的能力:作为患者、家庭与跨学科团队之间维护者的能力,在lTE方面的决策能力,在患者生命末期治疗和护理干预的能力。结论ICU护士在lTE方面需要具备相应的能力,这对患者的生活质量死亡尊严以及患者家庭应对悲伤的全面支持至关重要。

关键词：重症监护家庭支持重症监护病房护士的作用安宁疗护专业能力

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Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and generational heterogeneity on ecommerce shopping styles-A case study of Sacramento,California

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Communications in Transportation Research 2023年第1期3卷 53-61页

作者： Qianhua luo Teddy Forscher Susan Shaheen elizabeth Deakin Joan l.Walker Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA94720USA Transportation Sustainability Research Center University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA94704USA Department of City and Regional Planning University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA94720USA Center for Global Metropolitan Studies University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA94720USA

The COVID pandemic has accelerated the growth of ecommerce and reshaped shopping patterns,which in turn impacts trip-making and vehicle miles traveled.The objectives of this study are to define shopping styles and quantify their prevalence in the population,investigate the impact of the pandemic on shopping style transition,understand the generational heterogeneity and other factors that influence shopping styles,and comment on the potential impact of the pandemic on long-term shopping behavior.Two months after the initial shutdown(May/June 2021),we collected ecommerce behavioral data from 313 Sacramento Region households using an online survey.A K-means clustering analysis of shopping behavior across eight commodity types identified five shopping styles,including ecommerce independent,ecommerce dependent,and three mixed modes in-between.We found that the share of ecommerce independent style shifted from 55%pre-pandemic to 27%during the pandemic.Overall,30%kept the same style as pre-pandemic,54%became more ecommerce dependent,and 16%became less ecommerce dependent,with the latter group more likely to view shopping an excuse to get out.Heterogeneity was found across generations.Pre-pandemic,Millennials and Gen Z were the most ecommerce dependent,but during the pandemic they made relatively small shifts toward increased ecommerce dependency.Baby Boomers and the Silent Generation were bimodal,either sticking to in-person shopping or shifting to ecommercedependency during the pandemic.Post-pandemic intentions varied across styles,with households who primarily adopt non-food ecommerce intending to reverse back to in-person shopping,while the highly ecommerce dependent intend to limit future in-store activities.

关键词： Ecommerce COVID pandemic Shopping patterns Generational heterogeneity

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Chronotype and self-reported sleep,alertness,and mental health in U.S. sailors

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Military Medical Research 2022年第2期9卷 259-261页

作者： elizabeth M.Harrison Alexandra P.Easterling Emily A.Schmied Suzanne l.Hurtado Gena l.Glickman Center for Circadian Biology University of California San DiegoSan DiegoUSA leidos Inc.San DiegoUSA Health and Behavioral Sciences Department Naval Health Research CenterSan DiegoUSA School of Public Health San Diego State UniversitySan DiegoUSA Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Uniformed Services University of the Health SciencesBethesdaUSA

Service members are at risk for sleep and psychological conditions affecting their readiness. Chronotype(“morningness”or “eveningness”) is strongly associated with sleep, health and performance. The objective of this study was to examine associations between validated measures of chronotype and sleep quality, daytime functioning, alertness,and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD) in US service members(n=298).Although predominantly young males(who skew toward eveningness in civilian populations), these Sailors skewed toward morningness(35.6% morning, 51.3% intermediate). Eveningness was associated with symptoms of depression and PTSD(Pless time in bed(Pleep disruption(Plertness(Pless likely to consider sleep important for performance(Ples should be aligned with endogenous rhythms, whenever possible, and evening chronotypes may benefit from targeted interventions. Chronotype should be examined alongside health and readiness in service members.

关键词： Circadian Chronotype Sleep Military Readiness Depression Anxiety Post-traumatic stress disorder

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The computerized lASSI-BC Test versus the Standard lASSI-l Paper-and-Pencil Version in Community-Based-Samples

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Advances in Alzheimer's Disease 2024年第1期13卷 11-25页

作者： Rosie E. Curiel Cid Alexandra Ortega Ubbo Visser Marcela Kitaigorodsky D. Diane Zheng Diana Hincapie Kirsten Horne Crenshaw Ashleigh Beaulieu Brooke Bosworth liz Gallardo Emory Neer Sofia Ramirez elizabeth A. Crocco Mike Georgiou Efrosyni Sfakianaki David A. loewenstein Center for Cognitive Neuroscience and Aging and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Miller School of Medicine University of Miami Miami FL USA Department of Computer Sciences University of Miami Coral Gables FL USA Nova Southeastern University Fort Lauderdale FL USA Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Miller School of Medicine University of Miami Miami FL USA

Proactive Semantic Interference (PSI) and failure to recover from PSI (frPSI), are novel constructs assessed by the lASSI-l. These measures are sensitive to cognitive changes in early Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and preclinical AD determined by Aβ load using PET. The goal of this study was to compare a new computerized version of the lASSI-l (lASSI-Brief Computerized) to the standard paper-and-pencil version of the test. In this study, we examined 110 cognitively unimpaired (CU) older adults and 79 with amnestic MCI (aMCI) who were administered the paper-and-pencil form of the lASSI-l. Their performance was compared with 62 CU older adults and 52 aMCI participants examined using the lASSI-BC. After adjustment for covariates (degree of initial learning, sex, education, and language of evaluation) both the standard and computerized versions distinguished between aMCI and CU participants. The performance of CU and aMCI groups using either form was relatively commensurate. Importantly, an optimal combination of Cued B2 recall and Cued B1 intrusions on the lASSI-BC yielded an area under the ROC curve of .927, a sensitivity of 92.3% and specificity of 88.1%, relative to an area under the ROC curve of .815, a sensitivity of 72.5%, and a specificity of 79.1% obtained for the paper-and-pencil lASSI-l. Overall, the lASSI-BC was comparable, and in some ways, superior to the paper-and-pencil lASSI-l. Advantages of the lASSI-BC include a more standardized administration, suitability for remote assessment, and an automated scoring mechanism that can be verified by a built-in audio recording of responses.

关键词： Mild Cognitive Impairment Proactive Semantic Interference lASSI-l Computerized Cognitive Assessment

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Impact loading in female runners with single and multiple bone stress injuries during fresh and exerted conditions

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2023年第3期12卷 406-413页

作者： Kristin l.Popp Jereme Outerleys Sarah Gehman Margaret Garrahan Sara Rudolph elizabeth loranger Kathryn E.Ackerman Adam S.Tenforde Mary l.Bouxsein Irene S.Davis Military Performance Division United States Army Research Institute of Environmental MedicineNatickMA 01760USA Endocrine Unit Massachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02114USA Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Spaulding Rehabilitation HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolCambridgeMA 02138USA Department of Sports Medicine Boston Children's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02115USA Center for Advanced Orthopedic Studies Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02215USA

Background:Bone stress injuries(BSIs)are common in female runners,and recurrent BSI rates are high.Previous work suggests an association between higher impact loading during running and tibial BSI.However,it is unknown whether impact loading and fatigue-related loading changes discriminate women with a history of multiple BSIs.This study compared impact variables at the beginning of a treadmill run to exertion andthe changes in those variables with exertion among female runners with no history of BSI as well as among those with a history of single or multiple BSIs.Methods:We enrolled 45 female runners(aged 18-40 years)for this cross-sectional study:having no history of diagnosed lower extremity BSI(N-BSI,n=14);a history of 1 lower extremity BSI(1-BSI,n=16);and diagnosed by imaging,or a history of multiple(>3)lower extremity BSIs(M-BSI,n=15).Participants completed a 5-km race speed run on an instrumented treadmill while wearing an Inertial Measurement Unit.The vertical average loading rate(VAlR),vertical instantaneous loading rate(VIlR),vertical stiffness during impact via instrumented treadmill,and tibial shock determined as the peak po sitive tibial acceleration via Inertial Measurement Unit were measured at the beginning and the end of the run.Results:There were no differences between groups in VAlR,VIlR,vertical stiffness,or tibial shock in a fresh or exerted condition.However,compared to N-BSI,women with M-BSI had greater increase with exertion in VAlR(-1.8%vs.6.1%,p=0.01)and VIlR(1.5%vs.4.8%,p=0.03).Similarly,compared to N-BSI,vertical stiffness increased more with exertion among women with M-BSI(-0.9%vs.7.3%,p=0.006)and 1-BSI(-0.9%vs.1.8%,p=0.05).Finally,compared to N-BSI,the increase in tibial shock from fresh to exerted condition was greater among women with M-BSI(0.9%vs.5.5%,p=0.03)and 1-BSI(0.9%vs.11.2%,p=0.02).Conclusion:Women with 1-BSI or M-BSIs experience greater exertion-related increases in impact loading than women with N-BSI.These observations imply that exertion-related changes in gait biomecha

关键词： Biomechanics Bone stress injuries Fatigue Runners Stress fracture

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