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Effects of 7 years of field weathering on biochar recalcitrance and solubility

Biochar 2019年第3期1卷 237-248页

作者： elizabeth k.williams Davey L.Jones Hannah R.Sanders Gabriel V.Benitez Alain F.Plante University of Pennsylvania PhiladelphiaPAUSA Bangor University BangorUK The University of Western Australia PerthAustralia University of Minnesota MinneapolisMNUSA

How weathering affects the physiochemical properties of biochar and its long-term carbon(C)sequestration potential remains *** this study,we measured changes in biochar recalcitrance and solubility after 7 years of weathering in a cultivated *** recalcitrance and biodegradability of weathered and unweathered hardwood biochar mixtures were determined by thermal analysis(differential scanning calorimetry)and evolved gas *** in biochar solubility and the chemical composition of biochar-derived dissolved organic carbon(DOC)were determined by repeated laboratory leaching and UV-Vis *** surface carbon-oxidation state(Cox)of biochar increased by 117.6-158.2%with weather-ing in the field,and there was an average of 0.9-1.2%decrease in biochar C contents per ***,thermal indices of biochar recalcitrance and biodegradability,which suggested intermediate C sequestration potential,were not significantly different between weathered and unweathered *** O:C ratio increased with weathering suggesting an increase in biodegradability,however,both weathered and unweathered biochars were still estimated to have half-lives of over 1000 ***-soluble organic carbon(WSOC)concentrations from the unweathered biochar rapidly decreased during laboratory leaching to levels similar to the field-weathered biochars,and aromaticity(SUVA_(254))of WSOC increased from 5.9%in the unweathered biochar to 42%aromaticity in the biochars weathered for 7 *** conclude that during short-term(years)weathering under field conditions,there is continued solubilization of increasingly aromatic biochar-C compounds,however,this accounts for a relatively small proportion of biochar C such that there is little-to-no change in biochar stability or C sequestration potential after field application.

关键词： Biochar Pyrogenic organic matter Thermal analysis Carbon sequestration Dissolved pyrogenic organic matter

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Advancing Pediatric Hemodialysis Care through the Novel Intervention in Children’s Healthcare (NICH) Program

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Open Journal of Nephrology 2024年第3期14卷 295-301页

作者： Jessica williams Natalia Garban Cynthia Wong elizabeth Talley Department of Pediatric Nephrology Lucille Packard Childrens Hospital Stanford Palo Alto USA NICH Program Care Team Lucille Packard Childrens Hospital Stanford Palo Alto USA

Racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic disparities present daunting hurdles that prevent equitable health outcomes for patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESkD) on hemodialysis. Additional resources, such as the Novel Intervention in Children’s Health (NICH) at Lucille Packard Children’s Hospital Stanford, provide individualized support to best assist families by assessing barriers to care with the goal of improving health outcomes. In this retrospective cohort study, we reviewed patients with ESkD on hemodialysis involved in NICH to explore if NICH serves as a liaison between the patients and multidisciplinary medical team and to explore if NICH helps patients better manage the challenges of end-stage kidney disease. Through the electronic medical record system, EPIC, we reviewed the patients’ surveys to identify barriers to care, which included school and life engagement difficulty, lack of mental health resources, food and transportation insecurity, and cultural/language barriers. We also tracked the number of hospitalizations and ED visits before and during the patients’ enrollment in NICH. We discovered that through NICH, the aforementioned barriers to care were eliminated, the number of hospitalizations and emergency department visits was reduced, and all patients transitioned from inactive to active on the transplant list. NICH successfully improved the health outcomes of these patients and empowered patients to be more engaged in their care.

关键词： Pediatric Hemodialysis ESkD NICH Healthcare Disparities

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Consequences of fractal grade distribution for bulk sorting of a copper porphyry deposit

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Geoscience Frontiers 2015年第4期6卷 477-480页

作者： Peter Coghill David Miljak elizabeth williams CSIRO Mineral Resources Flagship

We show the presence of fractal ordering of copper grade in bore core data at short range in the Cadia Ridgeway porphyry deposit and measure its persistence after mining by monitoring the output of the mine every 20 s for a month using a large scale, zero field magnetic resonance sensor. A simple model is used to investigate this connection and its consequences for sorting of the ore. Fractal distributions, and their associated power laws, have two features highly favourable for segregating ore： a large proportion of low-grade pods and the large scale spatial clustering of grade.

关键词： FractalMagnetic resonanceCopperPorphyry

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Subtle skills: Using objective structured clinical examinations to assess gastroenterology fellow performance in system based practice milestones

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第11期26卷 1221-1230页

作者： Marianna Papademetriou Gabriel Perrault Max Pitman Colleen Gillespie Sondra Zabar elizabeth Weinshel Renee williams Division of Gastroenterology Georgetown University Medical CenterWashingtonDC 20007United States Division of Gastroenterology Washington DC VA Medical CenterWashingtonDC 20422United States Department of Medicine New York University Medical CenterNew YorkNY 10016United States Division of Gastroenterology New York University Medical CenterNew YorkNY 10016United States Department of Medicine New York University School of MedicineNew YorkNY 10016United States Department of Gastroenterology VA New York Harbor Healthcare SystemNew YorkNY 10010United States

BACkGROUND System based practice(SBP) milestones require trainees to effectively navigate the larger health care system for optimal patient care. In gastroenterology training programs, the assessment of SBP is difficult due to high volume, high acuity inpatient care, as well as inconsistent direct supervision. Nevertheless,structured assessment is required for training programs. We hypothesized that objective structured clinical examination(OSCE) would be an effective tool for assessment of *** To develop a novel method for SBP milestone assessment of gastroenterology fellows using the *** For this observational study, we created 4 OSCE stations: Counseling an impaired colleague, handoff after overnight call, a feeding tube placement discussion, and giving feedback to a medical student on a progress note. Twentysix first year fellows from 7 programs participated. All fellows encountered identical case presentations. Checklists were completed by trained standardized patients who interacted with each fellow participant. A report with individual and composite scores was generated and forwarded to program directors to utilize in formative assessment. Fellows also received immediate feedback from a faculty observer and completed a post-session program evaluation *** Survey response rate was 100%. The average composite score across SBP milestones for all cases were 6.22(SBP1), 4.34(SBP2), 3.35(SBP3), and 6.42(SBP4)out of 9. The lowest composite score was in SBP 3, which asks fellows to advocate for cost effective care. This highest score was in patient care 2, which asks fellows to develop comprehensive management plans. Discrepancies were identified between the fellows’ perceived performance in their self-assessments and Standardized Patient checklist evaluations for each case. Eighty-seven percent of fellows agreed that OSCEs are an important component of their clinical training,and 83% stated that the cases were similar to actual clinical encoun

关键词： Objective structured clinical exams Medical education Medical error System based practice Milestones Gastroenterology

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A Method for Assessing the Interaction Environment of Organizations

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Journal of Modern Accounting and Auditing 2012年第10期8卷 1512-1522页

作者： Tyler R. Harrison Susan E. Morgan elizabeth A. williams Purdue University Indiana USA Colorado State University Colorado USA

This paper presents a method for assessing the influence of the interaction environment of an organization. The interaction environment of an organization is composed of three elements：（1） the physical structure of the organization, including numbers of buildings, floors, common gathering areas, size, industry, and physical layout; （2） the information structure, consisting of the numbers and types of communication channels in the organization; and （3） the social structure, consisting of both individual-level assessments of the social environment of the organization as well as the organizational attempts to create a more social environment. This assessment tool has been tested in a large-scale study of organ donation campaigns in 46 organizations. Findings from this earlier test of the assessment tool demonstrate that interaction environment influences the way people communicate about, seek information about, and make decisions about health-related topics in organizations. Additionally, the individual elements of the interaction environment work in complex ways and also influence communication patterns and knowledge about health information. This paper details the procedures for using this assessment tool, methods for analyzing the findings, limitations of the tool, and areas in need of refinements and further researches.

关键词： interaction environment communication organizational structure campaigns research method

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Perforated duodenal ulcer:An unusual manifestation of allergic eosinophilic gastroenteritis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第44期21卷 12709-12712页

作者： kevin M Riggle Ghassan Wahbeh elizabeth M williams kimberly J Riehle Department of General Surgery University of Washington Seattle Division of Gastroenterology Seattle Children’s Hospital Seattle Division of Pathology Seattle Children’s Hospital Seattle Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery Seattle Children’s Hospital

Spontaneous perforation of a duodenal ulcer secondary to allergic eosinophilic gastroenteritis(EGE) has not been previously reported. We present such a case in a teenager who presented with peritonitis. After exploration and operative repair of his ulcer, he continued to experience intermittent abdominal pain, and further evaluation revealed eosinophilic gastroenteritis in the setting of multiple food allergies. His EGE resolved after adhering to a restrictive diet. Both duodenal ulcers and EGE are very rarely seen in pediatric patients. EGE has a variable presentation depending on the layer(s) of bowel wall affected and the segment of the gastrointestinal tract that is involved. Once diagnosed, it may respond to dietary changes in patients with recognized food allergies, or to steroids in patients in whom an underlying cause is not identified. Our case highlights the need to keep EGE in the differential diagnosis when treating pediatric patients with duodenal ulcers. The epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatment of EGE are also discussed, along with a review of the current literature.

关键词： Pediatric Duodenal ulcer Eosinophilic Gastroenteri

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Diagnostic Utility of Performing Flow Cytometry on Provider-Submitted Endoscopically Collected Gastrointestinal Samples

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Open Journal of Blood Diseases 2020年第1期10卷 1-11页

作者： Regina M. Plummer Amy k. Beckman Meghan M. Hupp elizabeth L. Courville Sarah A. williams Michael A. Linden Division of Hematopathology Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN USA

Multicolor flow cytometry (MFC) is essential to the diagnosis of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). In our institution, MFC specimens are submitted by pathologists or an ordering provider. As endoscopy has revolutionized the ability to biopsy the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, our lab increasingly receives provider-submitted, endoscopically-acquired GI biopsies (PEGIB) for MFC analysis. This study evaluates the clinical utility of MFC performed on PEGIB and proposes a new testing algorithm to enhance the pathology team’s role in MFC test utilization. Fifty-five archival PEGIB MFC cases were identified and histories were reviewed. MFC was non-contributory to the overall diagnosis in 85% of PEGIB. Retroactively implementing an algorithm that used PEGIB permanent section screening to triage the 55 archival cases resulted in the appropriate identification of 100% of specimens whose diagnosis would have benefitted from MFC analysis, and the optimization of test utilization by decreasing unnecessary MFC studies.

关键词： Flow Cytometry Endoscopic Biopsies GI Biopsies Endoscopy Quality Improvement

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ACID AND BASE EFFECTS ON OSTEOCLAST ACTIVITY

ACID AND BASE EFFECTS ON OSTEOCLAST ACTIVITY

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第二届国际骨质疏松研讨会

作者： Harry C.Blair Robert W.Hardy S.elizabeth Jordan John P.williams University of Alabama

INTRODUCTION: Acid-base chemistry is important to bone mass management because bone mineral,hydroxyapatite, is a strongly basic PC and OH- calcium *** skeleton is the body’s main reserve of base equivalents as well a...

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Analysis of the Antimicrobial Properties of Thanaka, a Burmese Powder Used to Treat Acne

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2017年第7期5卷 1-6页

作者： elizabeth V. Seiverling Jordan P. Trubiano Jacqueline C. williams Hadjh T. Ahrns David W. Craft Matthew R. England Departments of Dermatology Family and Community Medicine and Pathology Pennsylvania State University - Milton S. Hershey Medical Center Hershey PA USA

Thanaka, powder from Hesperethusa crenulata tree bark, has been used in Burmese culture for acne treatment and prevention for over 2000 years. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial properties of thanaka against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Propionibacterium acnes. kirby-Bauer disk diffusion revealed no zones of inhibition for thanaka against the tested microorganisms. Disk diffusion may not be the best modality for definitive analysis of the antimicrobial activity of thanaka. Furthermore, the utility of thanaka in acne treatment may be related to anti-inflammatory, rather than antimicrobial properties.

关键词： Thanaka Myanmar Disk Diffusion Propionibacterium acnes

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Closing the Gaps in Disaster Management and Response:Drawing on Local Experiences with Cyclone Idai in Chimanimani,Zimbabwe

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2020年第5期11卷 655-666页

作者： Nelson Chanza Pakama Q.Siyongwana Leizel williams-Bruinders Veronica Gundu-Jakarasi Chipo Mudavanhu Vusomuzi B.Sithole Albert Manyani Geography Department Bindura University of Science EducationBinduraZimbabwe School of Biology and Environmental Sciences University of Mpumalanga.Nelspruit-Mbombela 1200South Africa Department of Geosciences Nelson Mandela UniversityPort Elizabeth 6031South Africa Infrastructure Development Bank of Zimbabwe(IDBZ) HarareZimbabwe United Nations Development Program(UNDP) HarareZimbabwe

Cyclone Idai in Zimbabwe exposed deficiencies in the country's disaster management *** study uses a phenomenological case exploration of the experiences of local residents in Rusitu Valley following cyclone-induced floods that affected the area in March *** capturing narratives of participants who were recruited through chain referrals,the research intends to understand how local actors,utilizing their local-based response systems,managed to fill in the voids that characterize disaster management practice in *** show that the participation of local"heroes"and"Samaritans,"by deploying their social networks,norms,relationships,practices,and modest ingenuity,helped to speed up response times and minimize threats to lives and *** of the stories of local actors about their disaster experiences also gives a richer picture of the Cyclone Idai *** the community response system also facilitated the operation of external disaster management agencies,their premature withdrawal tended to weaken the trust and values existing in the area,and created tensions between the disaster-affected people and other *** the delays in formal responses by the government and other external relief agencies,the practices of local actors,although spontaneous and largely uncoordinated,offer rich insights into the design and development of disaster management regimes.

关键词： Cyclone Idai Flood disaster management Local knowledge and action Social networks Zimbabwe

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