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Towards an objective historical tropical cyclone dataset for the Australian region

Tropical Cyclone Research and Review 2020年第1期9卷 23-36页

作者： Joseph B.Courtney ANDrew D.Burton Christopher S.Velden Timothy L.OlANDer elizabeth a.ritchie Clair Stark Leon Majewski Bureau of Meteorology Australia CIMSS University of Wisconsin-MadisonUSA University of New South Wales CanberraAustralia

The appropriate design of infrastructure in tropical cyclone(TC)prone regions requires an understanding of the hazard risk profile underpinned by an accurate,homogenous long-term TC *** existing Australian region TC archive,or’best track’(BT),suffers from inhomogeneities and an incomplete long-term record of key TC *** study assesses mostly satellite-based objective techniques for 1981-2016,the period of a geostationary satellite imagery dataset corrected for navigation and calibration *** satellite-based estimates of Australian-region TCs suffer from a general degradation in the 1981-1988 period owing to lower quality and availability of satellite *** quality of the objective techniques for both intensity and structure is compared to the reference BT 2003-2016 *** intensity the Advanced Dvorak Technique algorithm corresponds well with the BT 2003-2016,when the algorithm can use passive microwave data(PMW)as an *** the period prior to 2003 when PMW data is unavailable,the intensity algorithm has a low *** corrections were made to the non-PMW objective estimates to produce an extended(1989-2016)homogeneous dataset of maximum wind that has sufficient accuracy to be considered for use where a larger homogeneous sample size is valued over a shorter more accurate period of *** associated record of central pressure using the Courtney-Knaff-Zehr wind pressure relationship was *** size estimates,three techniques were investigated:the Deviation Angle Variance and the’Knaff’techniques(IR-based),while the’Lok’technique used model information(ECMWF reanalysis dataset and TC vortex specification from ACCESS-TC).However,results lacked sufficient skill to enable extension of the reliable period of *** availability of scatterometer data makes the BT 2003-2016 dataset the most reliable and *** regarding the best data source for each parameter for different periods of the record a

关键词： Objective tropical cyclone reanalysis satellite intensity ADT

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Barriers and facilitators of rendering HIV services by community health workers in sub-Saharan Africa:a meta-synthesis

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Family Medicine and Community Health 2021年第4期9卷 102-116,I0079-I0188页

作者： Gugulethu Eve Khumalo elizabeth E Lutge Praba Naidoo Tivani Phosa Mashamba-Thompson Nursing and Public Health University of KwaZulu-Natal College of Health SciencesDurbanKwaZulu-NatalSouth Africa Health Research and Knowledge Management Unit KwaZulu-Natal Department of HealthPietermaritzburgKwaZulu-NatalSouth Africa Library University of KwaZulu-Natal Nelson R Mandela School of MedicineDurbanKwaZulu-NatalSouth Africa Faculty of Health Sciences University of PretoriaJohannesburgGautengSouth Africa

Objectives To synthesise qualitative studies that address the barriers to and facilitators of providing HIV services by community health workers(CHWs)in sub-Saharan Africa(SSA).Design This meta-synthesis was guided by Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and *** included studies that were published between 2009 and *** ritchie and Spencer framework and the Supporting the Use of Research Evidence framework were used for thematic analysis and framework analysis,*** Qualitative Assessment and Review Instrument was used to assess the quality of selected *** criteria Qualitative studies published between 2009 and 2019,that included CHWs linked directly or indirectly to the Ministry of Health and providing HIV services in the *** sources An extensive search was conducted on the following databases:EBSCOhost-(ERIC;Health Source-Nursing/Academic Edition;MEDLINE Full Text),Google Scholar and *** Barriers to rendering of HIV services by CHWs were community HIV stigma;lack of CHW respect,CHWs’poor education and training;poor stakeholders’involvement;poor access to the communities;shortage of CHWs;unsatisfactory incentives;lack of CHW support and supervision,lack of equipment and supplies and social barriers due to culture,language and political *** altruistic behaviour of CHWs and the availability of job facilitated the provision of HIV *** The delivery of HIV services by CHWs in SSA is faced by more lingering barriers than *** and policymakers can minimise the barriers by investing in both CHW and community training regarding HIV ***,sufficient funding should be allocated to the programme to ensure its *** registration number CRD42020160012.

关键词： services rendering synthesis

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