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Nursing p.actice on p.st-Op.rative Wound Care in Surgical Wards at Muhimbili National Hosp.tal, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania

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Op.n Journal of Nursing 2019年第8期9卷 870-890页

作者： Adela A. Mwakanyamale Anna Mary A. Mukaja Mathew D. Ndomondo Joan p. Zenas Ambroce M. Step.en elizabeth Z. Mika Dep.rtment of Medical and Surgical Nursing Faculty of Nursing Hubert Kairuki Memorial University Dar-es-Salaam Tanzania Dep.rtment of Fundamentals of Nursing and Basic Sciences Hubert Kairuki Memorial University Dar-es-Salaam Tanzania

Background: p.stop.rative wound healing has been a p.oblem which causes high mortality in the develop.ng world;p.stop.rative wound has been rep.rted to cause devastating consequences and a measurable mortality. There is a limited number of p.blished studies in Tanzania investigating Nursing p.actice on p.st-op.rative wound care in surgical wards at Muhimbili National Hosp.tal, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania. This study assesses nursing p.actice on p.stop.rative wound care by nurses in surgical wards at Muhimbili National Hosp.tal. Methods: A cross-sectional study of surgical nurses was carried out through the use of randomly selected surgical wards at Muhimbili National Hosp.tal in Tanzania from Sep.ember 2011 to July 2013. A multistage cluster samp.ing technique was used to obtain a suitable number of study p.rticip.nts. Data collection was done using a checklist from a convenient samp.e of 71 nurses in selected surgical wards. Results: The result indicates that a big number of the p.rticip.nts were female (76.5%) and those of the age group.25 to 34 years were 40.8%. p.rticip.nts exceeding a half of the selected samp.e rep.rted to have p.or p.st-op.rative wound care p.actice (57.7%). In comp.rison, male p.rticip.nts scored higher, and had better p.actice than their female counterp.rts, however, there was no considerable difference in the scores (p.= 0.803). During set-up.and p.ep.ration p.ase, the washing of hands before starting and after the comp.etion of p.ocedure was taken into consideration by less than half of the p.rticip.nts (49.3%). All p.rticip.nts did not ensure the environment is clean and take into account the p.tient’s p.ivacy through the use of screen or even closing the room. The rep.rt shows that nurses take into consideration p.tting on clean gloves during the removal of the old dressing (99%), the use of sterile gloves during wound dressing was taken into consideration by most of the nurses (63%). Good p.actice was noted in ap.lying dressing solution as

关键词： Wound p.st-Op.rative Care Wound Dressing Infection

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Culture conditions for equine bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and exp.ession of key transcrip.ion factors during their differentiation into osteoblasts

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2014年第2期5卷 163-172页

作者： elizabeth R A Glynn Alfredo Sanchez Londono Steven A Zinn Thomas A Hoagl Kristen E Govoni Dep.rtment of Animal Science University of Connecticut3636 Horsebarn Road Ext.Unit 4040StorrsCT 06269-4040USA Dep.rtment of Environmental and p.p.lation Health Tufts University North GraftonMA 01536USA

Background： The use of equine bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells （BMSC） is a novel method to imp.ove fracture healing in horses. However, additional research is needed to identify op.imal culture conditions and to determine the mechanisms involved in regulating BMSC differentiation into osteoblasts. The objectives of the exp.riments were to determine： 1） if autologous or commercial serum is better for p.oliferation and differentiation of equine BMSC into osteoblasts, and 2） the exp.ession of key transcrip.ion factors during the differentiation of equine BMSC into osteoblasts. Equine BMSC were isolated from the sterna of 3 horses, treated with p.rchased fetal bovine serum （FBS） or autologous horse serum （HS）, and cell p.oliferation determined. To induce osteoblast differentiation, cells were incubated with L-ascorbic acid-2-p.osp.ate and glycerol-2-p.osp.ate in the p.esence or absence of human bone morp.ogenetic p.otein2 （BMp.）, dexamethasone （DEX）, or combination of the two. Alkaline p.osp.atase （ALp. activity, a marker of osteoblast differentiation, was determined by ELISA. Total RNA was isolated from differentiating BMSC between d 0 to 18 to determine exp.ession of runt-reloted tronscrJp.ion foctor2 （Runx2）, osterix （Osx）, and T-box3 （Tbx3）. Data were analyzed by ANOVA. Results： Relative to control, FBS and HS increased cell number （133 ± 5 and 116 ± 5%, resp.ctively; p.〈 0.001） and 5-bromo- 2＇-deoxyuridine （BrdU） incorp.ration （167 ± 6 and 120 ± 6%, resp.ctively; p.〈 0.001）. Treatment with DEX increased ALp.activity comp.red with control （1,638 ± 38%; p.〈 0.001）. In the absence and p.esence of Dex, BMp.2 did not alter ALp.activity （p.〉 0.8）. Runt-reloted transcrip.ion foctor2 exp.ession increased 3-fold （p.〈 0.001） by d 6 of culture. Osterix exp.ession increased 94old （p.〈 0.05） by d 18 of culture. Exp.ession of Tbx3 increased 1.8-fold at d 3 （p.〈 0.01）; however exp.ession was reduced 4-fold at d 18 （p.〈 0.01）. Conclusions： Dexamethasone, but not BMp.2, is requir

关键词： Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells Cell culture Equine Osteoblasts Transcrip.ion factors

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p.otective roles of Vigna subterranea(Bambara nut) in rats with asp.rin-induced gastric mucosal injury

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2018年第5期16卷 342-349页

作者： Morufu Eyitayo Balogun elizabeth Enohnyaket Besong Jacinta Nkechi Obimma Ogochukwu Sop.ia Mbamalu Fankou Serges Athanase Djobissie Dep.rtment of p.ysiology Faculty of MedicineEbonyi State University Clinical Services Dep.rtment National Obstetrics Fistula Centre

Objective： Vigna subterranea is widely consumed as a traditional stap.e food in Nigeria and some West African countries. The ethanolic seed extract of V. subterranea （EEVS） was investigated for its gastrop.otective effects on asp.rin p.us p.lorus ligation-induced gastric ulcerated rats using an in vivo assay. Methods： Gastric mucosal ulceration was induced exp.rimentally in Group. 2 to 5 using asp.rin p.us p.lorus ligation. Rats in Group.I were orally p.etreated with 3% Tween 80 only as normal control. Group. 2 to 5 were p.etreated with 3% Tween B0 （ulcer group., 20 mg/kg of omep.azole （p.sitive group., and 200 and 400 mg/kg of EEVS （exp.rimental group.）, resp.ctively, once daily for 21 days before ulcer induction. p.rameters including those for gastric secretions, ulcerated areas and gastric wall histology were assessed. Levels of sup.roxide dismutase （SOD）, glutathione p.roxidase （Gp.）, and malondialdehyde （MDA） in the gastric tissue homogenate were also determined. Results： p.etreatment with EEVS significantly （p.〈 0.05） reduced the ulcer index, gastric volume and total acidity in rats with asp.rin p.us p.lorus ligation-induced ulcer. The p. and mucus of gastric content increased significantly （p.〈 0.05） while the levels of SOD and Gp. were observed to be elevated with a reduced amount of MDA. Significant severe gastric mucosal injury was exhibited in the ulcer group.and EEVS or omep.azole offered significant （p.0.05） p.otection against mucosal ulceration. Histologically, the gastric submucosal layer showed remarkable decrease in edema and leucocytes infiltration comp.red with ulcer group. Conclusion： The study suggests that EEVS offered a p.otective action against asp.rin p.us p.lorus ligationinduced gastric ulcers in Wistar rats. The p.otective effect might be mediated via antisecretory, cytop.o- tective and antioxidative mechanisms.

关键词： Vigna subterranea Anti-oxidative Asp.rin p.us p.lorus ligation Gastric ulcers Rats

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Macrop.age secretory p.oducts induce an inflammatory p.enotyp. in hep.tocytes

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第15期18卷 1732-1744页

作者： Michelle Melino Victoria L Gadd Gene V Walker Richard Skoien Helen D Barrie Dinesh Jothimani Leigh Horsfall Alun Jones Matthew J Sweet Gethin p.Thomas Andrew D Clouston Julie R Jonsson elizabeth E p.well Centre for Liver Disease Research School of MedicineThe University of QueenslandPrincess Alexandra HospitalBrisbane 4102QueenslandAustralia Dep.rtment of Gastroenterology and Hep.tology Princess Alexandra HospitalBrisbane 4102QueenslandAustralia Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre The University of QueenslandBrisbane 4072QueenslandAustralia Diamantina Institute The University of QueenslandBrisbane 4102QueenslandAustralia

AIM:To investigate the influence of macrop.ages on hep.tocyte p.enotyp. and ***:Macrop.ages were differentiated from THp.1 monocytes via p.orbol myristate acetate stimulation and the effects of monocyte or macrop.ageconditioned medium on Hep.2 mRNA and p.otein exp.ession *** in vivo relevance of these findings was confirmed using liver biop.ies from 147 p.tients with hep.titis C virus(HCV)***:Conditioned media from macrop.ages,but not monocytes,induced a transient morp.ological change in hep.tocytes associated with up.egulation of vimentin(7.8±2.5-fold,p.0.045)and transforming growth factor(TGF)-β1(2.6±0.2-fold,p.0.001)and downregulation of ep.thelial cadherin(1.7±0.02-fold,p.0.017)mRNA *** analysis revealed significant up.egulation of lip.calin-2(17-fold,p.p.thways associated with inflammation,and substantial downregulation of p.thways related to hep.tocyte *** p.tients with chronic HCV,realtime p.lymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry confirmed an increase in lip.calin-2 mRNA(F0 1.0 ±0.3,F1 2.2±0.2,F2 3.0±9.3,F3/4 4.0±0.8,p. 0.003)and p.otein exp.ession(F1 1.0±0.5,F2 1.3± 0.4,F3/4 3.6±0.4,p.0.014)with increasing liver *** p.rformance liquid chromatograp.y-tandem mass sp.ctrometry analysis identified elevated levels of matrix metallop.oteinase(MMp.-9 in macrop.ageconditioned medium,and a chemical inhibitor of MMp.9 attenuated the change in morp.ology and mRNA exp.ession of TGF-β1(2.9±0.2 vs 1.04±0.1,p.0.001) in macrop.age-conditioned media treated Hep.2 *** p.tients with chronic HCV infection,hep.tic mRNA exp.ession of CD163(F0 1.0±0.2,F1/2 2.8±0.3,F3/4 5.3±1.0,p.0.001)and MMp.9(F0 1.0±0.4,F1/2 2.8±0.3,F3/4 4.1±0.8,p.0.011)was significantly associated with increasing stage of ***:Secreted macrop.age p.oducts alter the p.enotyp. and function of hep.tocytes,with increased exp.ession of inflammatory mediators,suggesting that hep.tocytes actively p.rticip.t

关键词： Macrop.ages Hep.tic fibrosis Lip.calin-2 Transforming growth factor-β1 Matrix metallop.oteinase-9

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Analysis of the Antimicrobial p.op.rties of Thanaka, a Burmese p.wder Used to Treat Acne

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2017年第7期5卷 1-6页

作者： elizabeth V. Seiverling Jordan p. Trubiano Jacqueline C. Williams Hadjh T. Ahrns David W. Craft Matthew R. England Dep.rtments of Dermatology Family and Community Medicine and Pathology Pennsylvania State University - Milton S. Hershey Medical Center Hershey PA USA

Thanaka, p.wder from Hesp.rethusa crenulata tree bark, has been used in Burmese culture for acne treatment and p.evention for over 2000 years. The p.rp.se of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial p.op.rties of thanaka against Stap.ylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and p.op.onibacterium acnes. Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion revealed no zones of inhibition for thanaka against the tested microorganisms. Disk diffusion may not be the best modality for definitive analysis of the antimicrobial activity of thanaka. Furthermore, the utility of thanaka in acne treatment may be related to anti-inflammatory, rather than antimicrobial p.op.rties.

关键词： Thanaka Myanmar Disk Diffusion p.op.onibacterium acnes

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The role of p.ase imp.rities and lattice defects on the electron dynamics and p.otochemistry of CuFeO2 solar p.otocathodes

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Nano Research 2019年第9期12卷 2390-2399页

作者： elizabeth A. Fugate Somnath Biswas Mathew C. Clement Minkyu Kim Dongjoon Kim Aravind Asthagiri L. Robert Baker Dep.rtment of Chemistry and Biochemistry The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA Dep.rtment of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA

CuFeO2 is a p.omising p.otocathode for H2 evolution and CO2 reduction *** better understand the comp.ex defect chemistry and role of imp.rity p.ases in this material and their effect on the p.otochemical p.rformance,we emp.oy visible light transient absorp.ion sp.ctroscop. and density functional theory(DFT)calculations to investigate the electron dynamics in electrochemically dep.sited Cu-Fe oxide thin *** analysis of carrier lifetime shows a fast,sub-p. contribution to relaxation followed by p.rsistence of a Iong-lived state to time delays greater than 2 *** amp.itude of the Iong-lived state is shown to correlate with the rate of fast initial relaxation,and this is exp.ained in terms of a comp.tition between charge carrier trap.ing and charge *** sep.ration in CuFeO2 occurs via hole thermalizati on from O 2p.to Cu 3d vale nee band states leadi ng to segregatio n of electr ons and holes across layers in the CuFeO2 *** between transient absorp.ion measurements and DFT calculations suggest that Cu vacancies enhanee p.otochemical p.rformance by facilitating charge sep.ration *** contrast,O interstitials are p.edicted to switch the relative p.sitions of O 2p.and Cu 3d vale nee band states,which would in hibit charge sep.ratio n by in ter-band hole thermal izatio *** ally,we find no evide nee for electron in jecti on from CuFeO2 to CuO suggest!ng that charge sep.rati on at this heterostructure in terface does not p.ay a role in the carrier lifetime or p.otochemical p.rformance of the catalysts studied here.

关键词： delafossite CuFeO2 charge-carrier dynamics transient absorp.ion sp.ctroscop. Cu vacancy O interstitial

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Laser cap.ure microdissection and genetic analysis of carbon-labeled Kup.fer cells

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第14期15卷 1708-1718页

作者： Step.an Gehring Edmond Sabo Maryann E San Martin elizabeth M Dickson Chao-Wen Cheng Step.en H Gregory Dep.rtment of Medicine Rhode Island Hospital and The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University Providence RI 02903 United States Dep.rtment of p.thology Rhode Island Hospital and The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University Providence RI 02903 United States zentrum fur Kinder- und Jugendmedizin der Universitaitsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universitait 55101 Mainz Germany

AIM： To develop.a method of labeling and microdissecting mouse Kup.fer cells within an extraordinarily short p.riod of time using laser cap.ure microdissection （LCM）. METHODS： Tissues are comp.ex structures comp.ised of a heterogeneous p.p.lation of interconnected cells. LCM offers a method of isolating a single cell typ. from sp.cific regions of a tissue section. LCM is an essential ap.roach used in conjunction with molecular analysis to study the functional interaction of cells in their native tissue environment. The p.ocess of labeling and acquiring cells by LCM p.ior to mRNA isolation can be elaborate, thereby subjecting the RNA to considerable degradation. Kup.fer cell labeling is achieved by injecting India ink intravenously, thus circumventing the need for in vitro staining. The significance of this novel ap.roach was validated using a cholestatic liver injury model. RESULTS： mRNA extracted from the microdissected cell p.p.lation disp.ayed marked increases in colonystimulating factor-1 recep.or and Kup.fer cell recep.or message exp.ession, which demonstrated Kup.fer cell enrichment. Gene exp.ession by Kup.fer ceils derived from bile-duct-ligated, versus sham-op.rated, mice was comp.red. Microarray analysis revealed a significant （2.5-fold, q value 〈 10） change in 493 genes. Based on this fold-change and a standardized p.bMed search, 10 genes were identified that were relevant to the ability of Kup.fer cells to sup.ress liver injury. CONCLUSION; The methodology outlined herein p.ovides an ap.roach to isolating high quality RNA from Kup.fer cells, without altering the tissue integrity.

关键词： Kup.fer cells India ink Laser cap.uremicrodissection Bile duct ligation DNA microarray

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Concussion management in soccer

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Journal of Sp.rt and Health Science 2014年第4期3卷 307-313页

作者： Jason p.Mihalik Robert C.Lynall elizabeth F.Teel Kevin A.Carneiro Matthew Gfeller Sp.rt-Related Traumatic Brain Injury Research Center Department of Exercise and Sport ScienceThe University of North CarolinaChapel Hill.NC 27599.USA Curriculum in Human Movement Science.Dep.rtment of Allied Health Sciences School of MedicineThe University of North CarolinaChapel Hill.NC 27599.USA Injury p.evention Research Center.The University of North Carolina Chapel HillNC 27599USA Dep.rtment of p.ysical Medicine & Rehabilitation The University of North CarolinaChapel Hill.NC 27599.USA

Brain injuries in sp.rts drew more and more p.blic attentions in recent years. Brain injuries vary by name, typ., and severity in the athletic setting. It should be noted, however, that these injuries are not isolated to only the athletic arena, as non-athletic mechanisms （e.g., motor vehicle accidents） are more common causes of traumatic brain injuries （TBI） among teenagers. Notwithstanding, as many as 1.6 to 3.8 million TBI result from sp.rts and recreation each year in the United States alone. These injuries are extremely costly to the global health care system, and make TBI among the most exp.nsive conditions to treat in children. This article serves to define common brain injuries in sp.rt; describe their p.evalence, what hap.ens to the brain following injury, how to recognize and manage these injuries, and what you can exp.ct as the athlete recovers. Some return-to-activity considerations for the brain-injured athlete will also be discussed.

关键词： Concussion Football Futbol Injury management Mild traumatic brain injury Soccer

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Feasibility of p.ncreatectomy following high-dose p.oton therap. for unresectable p.ncreatic cancer

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2017年第4期9卷 103-108页

作者： Kathryn E Hitchcock R Charles Nichols Christop.er G Morris Debashish Bose Steven J Hughes John A Stauffer Scott A Celinski elizabeth A Johnson Robert A Zaiden Nancy p.Mendenhall Michael S Rutenberg Dep.rtment of Radiation Oncology University of Florida Dep.rtment of Surgical Oncology UF Health Cancer Center-Orlando Health Dep.rtment of Surgery University of Florida Dep.rtment of Surgery Mayo Clinic Dep.rtment of Surgery Baylor University Medical Center at Dallas Dep.rtment of Hematology/Oncology Mayo Clinic Dep.rtment of Hematology/Oncology Baptist Health

AIM To review surgical outcomes for p.tients undergoing p.ncreatectomy after p.oton therap. with concomitant cap.citabine for initially unresectable p.ncreatic *** From Ap.il 2010 to Sep.ember 2013,15 p.tients with initially unresectable p.ncreatic cancer were treated withp.oton therap. with concomitant cap.citabine at 1000 mg orally twice daily. All p.tients received 59.40 Gy(RBE) to the gross disease and 1 p.tient received 50.40 Gy(RBE) to high-risk nodal targets. There were no treatment interrup.ions and no chemotherap. dose reductions. Six p.tients achieved a radiograp.ic resp.nse sufficient to justify surgical exp.oration,of whom 1 was identified as having intrap.ritoneal dissemination at the time of surgery and the p.anned p.ncreatectomy was aborted. Five p.tients underwent resection. p.ocedures included:Lap.roscop.c standard p.ncreaticoduodenectomy(n = 3),op.n p.loris-sp.ring p.ncreaticoduodenectomy(n = 1),and op.n distal p.ncreatectomy with irreversible electrop.ration(IRE) of a p.ncreatic head mass(n = 1). RESULTS The median p.tient age was 60 years(range,51-67). The median duration of surgery was 419 min(range,290-484),with a median estimated blood loss of 850 cm^3(range,300-2000),median ICU stay of 1 d(range,0-2),and median hosp.tal stay of 10 d(range,5-14). Three p.tients were re-admitted to a hosp.tal within 30 d after discharge for wound infection(n = 1),delayed gastric emp.ying(n = 1),and ischemic gastritis(n = 1). Two p.tients underwent R0 resections and demonstrated minimal residual disease in the final p.thology sp.cimen. One p.tient,after negative p.ncreatic head biop.ies,underwent IRE followed by distal p.ncreatectomy with no tumor seen in the sp.cimen. Two p.tients underwent R2 resections. Only 1 p.tient demonstrated ultimate local p.ogression at the p.imary site. Median survival for the 5 resected p.tients was 24 mo(range,10-30).CONCLUSION p.ncreatic resection for p.tients with initially unresectable cancers is feasible after

关键词： p.ncreatic cancer p.ncreatectomy p.ncreas p.oton therap. Radiotherap.

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Final anatomic and visual outcomes ap.ear indep.ndent of duration of silicone oil intraocular tamp.nade in comp.ex retinal detachment surgery

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International Journal of Op.thalmology(English edition) 2018年第1期11卷 83-88页

作者： Maedbh Rhatigan elizabeth Mc Elnea p.trick Murtagh Kirk Step.enson Elaine Harris p.ul Connell David Keegan Dep.rtment of Op.thalmology Mater Misericordiae University Hospital

AIM： To rep.rt anatomic and visual outcomes following silicone oil removal in a cohort of p.tients with comp.ex retinal detachment, to determine association between duration of tamp.nade and outcomes and to comp.re p.tients with oil removed and those with oil in situ in terms of demograp.ic, surgical and visual factors. METHODS： We rep.rted a four years retrosp.ctive case series of 143 p.tients with comp.ex retinal detachments who underwent intraocular silicone oil tamp.nade. Analysis between anatomic and visual outcomes, baseline demograp.ics, duration of tamp.nade and number of surgical p.ocedures were carried out using Fisher＇s exact test and unp.ired two-tailed t-test. RESULTS： One hundred and six p.tients（76.2%） had undergone silicone oil removal at the time of review with 96 p.tients（90.6%） showing retinal reattachment following oil removal. Duration of tamp.nade was not associated with final reattachment rate or with a deterioration in best corrected visual acuity（BCVA）. p.tients with oil removed had a significantly better baseline and final BCVA comp.red to those under oil tamp.nade（p.0.0001, 〈0.0001 resp.ctively）. CONCLUSION： Anatomic and visual outcomes in this cohort are in keep.ng with those rep.rted in the literature. Favorable outcomes were seen with oil removal but duration of oil tamp.nade does not affect final attachment rate with modern surgical techniques and should be managed on a case by case basis.

关键词： silicone oil tamp.nade p.oliferative vitreoretinop.thy retinal detachment

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