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Evaluating implicit gender bias at Canadian otolaryngology meetings through use of professional title

World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2024年第1期10卷 12-17页

作者： Kylen Van Osch Agnieszka Dzioba Khadija Ahmed Andrew MacDonald Jamila Skinner Harley Williams Julie E.Strychowsky M.elise Graham Department of Otolaryngology-Head&Neck Surgery Schulich School of Medicine&DentistryWestern UniversityLondonOntarioCanada Department of Otolaryngology London Health Sciences Centre Children's HospitalLondonOntarioCanada Faculty of Medicine Schulich School of Medicine&DentistryWestern UniversityLondonOntarioCanada

Objectives:Increasing numbers of women enter medical school annually.The number of female physicians in leadership positions has been much slower to equalize.There are also well‐documented differences in the treatment of women as compared to men in professional settings.Female presenters are less likely to be introduced by their professional title(“Doctor”)for grand rounds and conferences,especially with a man performing the introduction.This study reviewed the Canadian Society of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery(CSOHNS)meetings from 2017 to 2020 to determine the proportion of presenters introduced by their professional title and whether this varied by gender.Methods:Recordings from CSOHNS meetings were reviewed and coded for introducer and presenter demographics,including leadership positions and gender.Chi‐squared tests of proportion and multivariate logistic regression was used to compare genders and identify factors associated with professional versus unprofessional forms of address.Results:No significant association was found between professional title use and introducer or presenter gender.Female presenters were introduced with professional title 69.6%of the time,while male presenters were introduced with professional title 67.6%of the time(P=0.69).Residents were introduced with a professional title with the most frequency(75.8%),while attending staff were introduced with a professional title with the least frequency(63.0%)(P=0.02).Conclusions:The lack of gender bias in speaker introductions at recent CSOHNS meetings demonstrates progress in achieving gender equity in medicine.Research efforts should continue to define additional forms of unconscious bias that may be contributing to gender inequity in leadership positions.

关键词： attitude of health personnel gender identity Otolaryngology women

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Oxygenation strategy during acute respiratory failure in immunocompromised patients

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Journal of Intensive Medicine 2021年第2期1卷 81-89页

作者： Virginie Lemiale elise yvin Achille Kouatchet Djamel Mokart Alexandre Demoule Guillaume Dumas Grrr-OH Research Group Service de Médecine Intensive et Réanimation APHP Hopital Saint Louis1 Avenue Claude VellefauxParis 75010France Service de Réanimation Médicale et Médecine Hyperbare Angers 49100France Institut Paoli-Calmettes Réanimation Medico-ChirurgicaleMarseille 13009France AP-HP Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire APHP-Sorbonne Universitésite Pitié-SalpêtrièreService de Médecine Intensive et Réanimation(Département R3S)and Sorbonne UniversitéINSERMUMRS1158 Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et CliniqueParis 75013France

Acute respiratory failure(ARF)in immunocompromised patients remains challenging to treat.A large number of case require admission to intensive care unit(ICU)where mortality remains high.Oxygenation without intubation is important in this setting.This review summarizes recent studies assessing oxygenation devices for immunocompromised patients.Previous studies showed that non-invasive ventilation(NIV)has been associated with lower intubation and mortality rates.Indeed,in recent years,the outcomes of immunocompromised patients admitted to the ICU have improved.In the most recent randomized controlled trials,including immunocompromised patients admitted to the ICU with ARF,neither NIV nor high-flow nasal oxygen(HFNO)could reduce the mortality rate.In this setting,other strategies need to be tested to decrease the mortality rate.Early admission strategy and avoiding late failure of oxygenation strategy have been assessed in retrospective studies.However,objective criteria are still lacking to clearly discriminate time to admission or time to intubation.Also,diagnosis strategy may have an impact on intubation or mortality rates.On the other hand,lack of diagnosis has been associated with a higher mortality rate.In conclusion,improving outcomes in immunocompromised patients with ARF may include strategies other than the oxygenation strategy alone.This review discusses other unresolved questions to decrease mortality after ICU admission in such patients.

关键词： Outcome Acute respiratory failure Invasive mechanical ventilation

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Cancer immunotherapy with envelopedself-amplifying mRNA CARG-2020 thatmodulates IL-12,IL-17 and PD-L1 pathways toprevent tumor recurrence

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2024年第1期14卷 335-349页

作者： Ju Chen Bhaskara Reddy Madina Elham Ahmadi Timur Olegovich Yarovinsky Marie Marthe Krady Eileen Victoria Meehan Isabella China Wang Xiaoyang Ye elise Pitmon Xian-Yong Ma Bijan Almassian Valerian Nakaar Kepeng Wang Department of Immunology School of MedicineUniversity of Connecticut Health CenterFarmingtonCT 06030USA CaroGen Corporation FarmingtonCT 06030USA The Eighth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineFoshan 528000China The Loomis Chaffee School WindsorCT 06095USA

Targeting multiple immune mechanisms may overcome therapy resistance and further improve cancer immunotherapy for humans.Here,we describe the application of virus-like vesicles(VLV)for delivery of three immunomodulators alone and in combination,as a promising approach for cancer immunotherapy.VLV vectors were designed to deliver single chain interleukin(IL)-12,shorthairpin RNA(shRNA)targeting programmed death ligand 1(PD-L1),and a dominant-negative form of IL-17 receptor A(dn-IL17RA)as a single payload or as a combination payload.Intralesional delivery of the VLV vector expressing IL-12 alone,as well as the trivalent vector(designated CARG-2020)eradicated large established tumors.However,only CARG-2020 prevented tumor recurrence and provided long-term survival benefit to the tumor-bearing mice,indicating a benefit of the combined immunomodulation.The abscopal effects of CARG-2020 on the non-injected contralateral tumors,as well as protection from the tumor cell re-challenge,suggest immune-mediated mechanism of protection and establishment of immunological memory.Mechanistically,CARG-2020 potently activates Th1 immune mechanisms and inhibits expression of genes related to T cell exhaustion and cancer-promoting inflammation.The ability of CARG-2020 to prevent tumor recurrence and to provide survival benefit makes it a promising candidate for its development for human cancer immunotherapy.

关键词： Virus-like vesicles Oncolytic virus IL-12 IL-17 PD-L1 T cell exhaustion Combination therapy Cancer immunotherapy

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Finding biomarkers of experience in animals

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第3期15卷 925-944页

作者： Sarah Babington Alan J.Tilbrook Shane K.Maloney Jill N.Fernandes Tamsyn M.Crowley Luoyang Ding Archa H.Fox Song Zhang elise A.Kho Daniel Cozzolino Timothy J.Mahony Dominique Blache School of Agriculture and Environment The University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWA 6009Australia Centre for Animal Science The Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food InnovationThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLD 4072Australia School of Veterinary Science The University of QueenslandGattonQLD 4343Australia School of Human Sciences The University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWA 6009Australia School of Medicine Deakin UniversityGeelongVIC 3217Australia Poultry Hub Australia University of New EnglandArmidaleNSW 2350Australia College of Animal Science and Technology Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences The Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food InnovationThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLD 4072Australia

At a time when there is a growing public interest in animal welfare,it is critical to have objective means to assess the way that an animal experiences a situation.Objectivity is critical to ensure appropriate animal welfare outcomes.Existing behavioural,physiological,and neurobiological indicators that are used to assess animal welfare can verify the absence of extremely negative outcomes.But welfare is more than an absence of negative outcomes and an appropriate indicator should reflect the full spectrum of experience of an animal,from negative to positive.In this review,we draw from the knowledge of human biomedical science to propose a list of candidate biological markers(biomarkers)that should reflect the experiential state of non-human animals.The proposed biomarkers can be classified on their main function as endocrine,oxidative stress,non-coding molecular,and thermobiological markers.We also discuss practical challenges that must be addressed before any of these biomarkers can become useful to assess the experience of an animal in real-life.

关键词： Animal experience Animal welfare Biomarker Stress Welfare assessment

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Confirmation of a Sub-Saturn-size Transiting Exoplanet Orbiting a G Dwarf:TOI-1194 b and a Very Low Mass Companion Star: TOI-1251 B from TESS

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第3期24卷 129-143页

作者： Jia-Qi Wang Xiao-Jun Jiang Jie Zheng Hanna Kellermann Arno Riffeser Liang Wang Karen A.Collins Allyson Bieryla Lars A.Buchhave Steve B.Howell elise Furlan Eric Girardin Joao Gregorio Eric Jensen Felipe Murgas Mesut Yilmaz Sam Quinn Xing Gao Ruo-Yu Zhou Frank Grupp Hui-Juan Wang CAS Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy National Astronomical ObservatoriesChinese Academy Of SciencesBeijing 10010China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China University Observatory Munich Scheinertrsse 1.D-81679 MunichGemany Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics Giessenbachstr.1D-85748 GarchingGermany National Astronomical Observatories/Nanjing Institute of Astronomical Optics&Technology Chinese Academy of SciencesNanjing210042China CAS Key Laboratory of Astronomical Optics&Technology Nanjing Institute of Astronomical Optics&TechnologyNanjing 210042China Center for Astrophysics Harvard&Smithsonian60 Garden Street.CambridgeMA 02138USA National Space Institute Technical University of DenmarkElektrovejDK-2800 KgsLyngbyDenmark NASA Ames Research Center Moffett FieldCA 94035USA NASA Exoplanet Science Institute Caltech/IPACMail Code 100-221200 E.California Blvd.PasadenaCA91125USA Grand Pra Observatory Switzerland Department of Physics Washington UniversitySt.LouisMO 63130.USA Department of Physics and Astronomy Swarthmore CollegeSwarthmorePA 19081USA Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias(IAC) E-38205 La Laguna.TenerifeSpain Departamento de Astrofísica Universidad de La LagunaSpain Dept.of Astronomy and Space Sciences Ankara UniversityTandogan 06100AnkaraTurkey Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi 830011China Urumqi No.1 Senior High School Urumqi 830002China Lijiang Gemini Observatory Lijiang 674199China

We report the confirmation of a sub-Saturn-size exoplanet,TOI-1194 b,with a mass of about 0.456+0.055-0.051M_(J),and a very low mass companion star with a mass of about 96.5±1.5 MJ,TOI-1251 *** candidates provided by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite(TESS)are suitable for further follow-up observations by ground-based telescopes with small and medium apertures.The analysis is performed based on data from several telescopes worldwide,including telescopes in the Sino-German multiband photometric campaign,which aimed at confirming TESS Objects of Interest(TOIs)using ground-based small-aperture and medium-aperture telescopes,especially for long-period targets.TOI-1194 b is confirmed based on the consistent periodic transit depths from the multiband photometric data.We measure an orbital period of 2.310644±0.000001 days,the radius is 0.767+0.045-0.041RJ and the amplitude of the RV curve is 69.4_(-7.3)^(+7.9)m s^(-1).TOI-1251 B is confirmed based on the multiband photometric and high-resolution spectroscopic data,whose orbital period is 5.963054+0.000002-0.000001days,radius is 0.947+0.035-0.033 R_(J) and amplitude of the RV curve is 9849_(-40)^(+42)ms^(-1).

关键词： planets and satellites fundamental parameters-planets and satellites gaseous planets-stars fundamental parameters-stars low-mass-methods data analysis-techniques photometric-techniques spectroscopic

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Taxonomic Study of Five Parasitic Polypores of the Hymenochaetaceae Family of TIN Vegetation in Western Burkina Faso

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2024年第6期15卷 441-454页

作者： Kusiélé Somda Andjièrèyir Nankoné Samson Nana R. Sylvie Bakiono Benovana Sédégo K. Jean Edouard Dabiré Kounbo Sanon elise Department of Plant Biology and Physiology Joseph Ki-Zerbo University Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Life and Earth Sciences Laboratory Science and Technology Training and Research Unit Norbert Zongo University Koudougou Burkina Faso Tenkodogo University Center Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

The aim of this work is to inventory and study the lignicolous parasitic macrofungi of the Tin plant formation. The mycological outings from July to September 2018 and 2019, collected forty-four (44) basidiomes through a random sampling device over an area of 40,000 m2 including 1000 m long by 40 m2 wide. The standard methods and techniques used in mycology for taxonomic studies were used to describe and classify the carpophores collected in three families: Hymenochaetaceae, Ganodermataceae and Polyporaceae, into eight genera: Onnia (4.55%), Amauroderma (4.55%), Ganoderma (20.45%), Phellinus (52.27%), Inonotus (4.55%), Phellinopsis (6.82%), Grammothele (2.27%) and Trametes (4.55%). The genera Phellinus and Ganoderma were the most abundant. Finally, eight species were identified: Inonotus cf. ochroporus, Inonotus cf. pachyphloeus, Phellinus cf. cryptarum, Phellinus cf. hartigii, Phellinus cf. hippophaecola;Phellinus cf. robustus, Phellinus cf. igniarius, et Amauroderma cf. fasciculatum. Seven fungal species belong to the family Hymenochaetaceae and only the species Amauroderma cf. fasciculatum is a Ganodermataceae. However, all these fungal species are shown to be parasites of trunks and/or branches of the following woody: Parkia biglobosa (50%), Anogeissus leiocarpus (25%), Annona senegalensis (12.5%) and Mangifera indica (12.5%). Authors attest that the presence of phytoparasitic polypores in a plant formation is an indicator of aging hence the urgency to put in place the appropriate measures to safeguard and restore Tin’s plant formation.

关键词： Identification Macrofungi Lignicolous Parasites Vegetation Tin Burkina Faso

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安徒生博物馆新馆

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城市环境设计 2024年第1期147卷 124-131页

作者：池口由纪 Nicolas Guichard Miruna Constantinescu elise Fauquembergue Rasmus Hjortsh?j COAST

该项目旨在为安徒生博物馆、花园和Tinderbox文化中心建造一座新建筑。新建筑位于欧登塞—安徒生出生的城市的市中心。项目用地位于拥有中世纪小型传统木屋的住宅区和欧登塞新开发的城区之间。这里要讲述的故事不仅以书面形式存在，而...

该项目旨在为安徒生博物馆、花园和Tinderbox文化中心建造一座新建筑。新建筑位于欧登塞—安徒生出生的城市的市中心。项目用地位于拥有中世纪小型传统木屋的住宅区和欧登塞新开发的城区之间。这里要讲述的故事不仅以书面形式存在，而且是通过博物馆和花园的物理空间来体验和感知的。安徒生的作品传达了深刻的信息，反映了作者的人生历程。安徒生的作品展现了围绕我们的各种双重对立：真实与想象，自然与人造，人与动物，光明与黑暗……事物的对立面共存，它们不是黑白的。我们的建筑设计就是要以建筑和景观的方式体现他作品的精髓。

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重塑色彩的双语者

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环球科学 2024年第3期 16-17页

作者：伊莉斯·卡茨林清(译) 不详

与荷马时代的古希腊人一样,在提斯曼人(Tsimane)的语言中,也没有固定的词来描述英语中“蓝色”系色谱。虽然提斯曼人确实可以说出许多更为主观的颜色(比如英语里的海绿色或淡紫色),但生活在玻利维亚的提斯曼人笃定颜色主要有三类:黑色... 详细信息

与荷马时代的古希腊人一样,在提斯曼人(Tsimane)的语言中,也没有固定的词来描述英语中“蓝色”系色谱。虽然提斯曼人确实可以说出许多更为主观的颜色(比如英语里的海绿色或淡紫色),但生活在玻利维亚的提斯曼人笃定颜色主要有三类:黑色、红色和白色。

关键词：荷马时代淡紫色双语者玻利维亚颜色英语古希腊

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Same-day delivery time-guarantee problem in online retail

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Communications in Transportation Research 2023年第1期3卷 161-175页

作者： Hossein Fotouhi elise Miller-Hooks Sid&Reva Dewberry Department of Civil Environmental and Infrastructure EngineeringGeorge Mason UniversityFairfaxVA22030USA

This study introduces the same-day delivery time-guarantee(SDDTG)problem for supporting online retail.In the SDDTG,orders are placed online and are processed and delivered from a depot to customer locations in the same day.The problem seeks optimal delivery time guarantees to offer customers as they consider making purchases to increase purchase decision likelihood while accounting for delivery-related,supply-side costs that can affect profits.Time guarantees are decision variables rather than parameters(as is typical)and are designed around anticipated customer satisfaction levels and purchase likelihoods.Delivery deadlines are not merely given to customers once they make their purchases,but rather the attractiveness of the offered delivery guarantees affects whether they make their purchases,i.e.,whether demand is realized.The problem is conceptualized as a multistage,stochastic,mixed-integer program in which uncertainties associated with customer reaction to delivery time guarantee offers and their arrival over time are captured.Given a shrinking horizon over a fixed planning horizon,the multi-stage program is approximated by a series of two-stage programs.A parallelized progressive hedging solution methodology is proposed and insights from its application on a case study.The problem recognizes tradeoffs between meeting promised delivery times and capturing the market.

关键词： e-commerce e-retail Same-day delivery Customer service and satisfaction e-order fulfillment

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用重水制得有序冰

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环球科学 2024年第7期 16-17页

作者：埃莉斯·卡茨林清(译) 不详

对于水冰,无论是寒冷多霜的早晨落下的雪还是窗户上结的霜,只有氧原子是有序排列,水(冰)分子其余的两个氢原子则在周围随机排列。相比之下,氢原子整齐排列的有序冰最有可能存在于宇宙的其他角落,比如气态巨行星的高压内核。这类冰的形... 详细信息

对于水冰,无论是寒冷多霜的早晨落下的雪还是窗户上结的霜,只有氧原子是有序排列,水(冰)分子其余的两个氢原子则在周围随机排列。相比之下,氢原子整齐排列的有序冰最有可能存在于宇宙的其他角落,比如气态巨行星的高压内核。这类冰的形成速度非常缓慢,在实验室里研究这些奇异冰会很棘手。

关键词：氢原子有序排列随机排列整齐排列巨行星实验室冰氧原子

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