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Impact of donor-specific antibodies on the outcomes of kidney graft:Pathophysiology, clinical, therapy

World Journal of Transplantation 2014年第1期4卷 1-17页

作者： Maurizio Salvadori elisabetta.bertoni Department of Renal Transplantation Careggi University Hospital

Allo-antibodies, particularly when donor specific, are one of the most important factors that cause both early and late graft dysfunction. The authors review the current state of the art concerning this important issue in renal transplantation. Many antibodies have been recognized as mediators of renal injury. In particular donorspecific-Human Leukocyte Antigens antibodies appear to play a major role. New techniques, such as solid phase techniques and Luminex, have revealed these antibodies from patient sera. Other new techniques have uncovered alloantibodies and signs of complement activation in renal biopsy specimens. It has been acknowledged that the old concept of chronic renal injury caused by calcineurine inhibitors toxicity should be replaced in many cases by alloantibodies acting against the graft. In addition, the number of patients on waiting lists with preformed anti-human leukocyte antigens(HLA) antibodies is increasing, primarily from patients with a history of renal transplant failure already been sensitized. We should distinguish early and late acute antibody-mediated rejection from chronic antibody-mediated rejection. The latter often manifets late during the course of the posttransplant period and may be difficult to recognize if specific techniques are not applied. Different therapeutic strategies are used to control antibody-induced *** strategies may be applied prior to transplantation or, in the case of acute antibody-mediated rejection, after transplantation. Many new drugs are appearing at the horizon; however, these drugs are far from the clinic because they are in phase Ⅰ-Ⅱ of clinical trials. Thus the pipeline for the near future appears almost empty.

关键词： Donor-specific antibodies Solid-phase techniques Complement activation Renal transplantation Antibody-mediated rejection Desensitization New drugs for B-cells

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Complement involvement in kidney diseases:From physiopathology to therapeutical targeting

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World Journal of Nephrology 2015年第2期4卷 169-184页

作者： Maurizio Salvadori Giuseppina Rosso elisabetta.bertoni Department of Renal Transplantation Careggi University Hospital Division of Nephrology San Luca Hospital

Complement cascade is involved in several renal diseases and in renal transplantation. The different components of the complement cascade might represent an optimal target for innovative therapies. In the frst section of the paper the authors review the physiopathology of complement involvement in renal diseases and transplantation. In some cases this led to a reclassifcation of renal diseases moving from a histopathological to a physiopathologicalclassification. The principal issues afforded are： renal diseases with complement over activation, renal diseases with complement dysregulation, progression of renal diseases and renal transplantation. In the second section the authors discuss the several complement components that could represent a therapeutic target. Even if only the anti C5 monoclonal antibody is on the market, many targets as C1, C3, C5a and C5aR are the object of national or international trials. In addition, many molecules proved to be effective in vitro or in preclinical trials and are waiting to move to human trials in the future.

关键词： Complement cascade Complement and glomerulopathies Eculizumab Targeting complement Complement and renal transplantation

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Update on ischemia-reperfusion injury in kidney transplantation: Pathogenesis and treatment

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World Journal of Transplantation 2015年第2期5卷 52-67页

作者： Maurizio Salvadori Giuseppina Rosso elisabetta.bertoni Department of Renal Transplantation Careggi University Hospital Division of Nephrology San Luca Hospital

Ischemia/reperfusion injury is an unavoidable relevant consequence after kidney transplantation and influences short term as well as long-term graft outcome. Clinically ischemia/reperfusion injury is associated with delayed graft function, graft rejection, chronic rejection and chronic graft dysfunction. Ischemia/reperfusion affects many regulatory systems at the cellular level as well as in the renal tissue that result in a distinct inflammatory reaction of the kidney graft. Underlying factors of ischemia reperfusion include energy metabolism, cellular changes of the mitochondria and cellular membranes, initiation of different forms of cell death-like apoptosis and necrosis together with a recently discovered mixed form termed necroptosis. Chemokines and cytokines together with other factors promote the inflammatory response leading to activation of the innate immune system as well as the adaptive immune system. If the inflammatory reaction continues within the graft tissue, a progressive interstitial fibrosis develops that impacts long-term graft outcome. It is of particular importance in kidney transplantation to understand the underlying mechanisms and effects of ischemia/reperfusion on the graft as this knowledge also opens strategies to prevent or treat ischemia/reperfusion injury after transplantation in order to improve graft outcome.

关键词： Ischemia-reperfusion Delayed graft function Inflammatory response Acute kidney injury Innate and adaptive immune response Anti-inflammatory strategies

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Experimental evolution, behavior and genetics： Associative learning as a case study

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Current Zoology 2015年第2期61卷 226-241页

作者： elisabetta VERSACE Center for Mind/Brain Sciences University of Trento Piazza della Manifattura 1 Rovereto Italy

The evolutionary dynamics of behavioral traits reflect phenotypic and genetic changes. Methodological difficulties in analyzing the genetic dynamics of complex traits have left open questions on the mechanisms that have shaped complex beha- viors and cognitive abilities. A strategy to investigate the change of behavior across generations is to assume that genetic con- straints have a negligible role in evolution （the phenotypic gambit） and focus on the phenotype as a proxy for genetic evolution. Empirical evidence and technologic advances in genomics question the choice of neglecting the genetic underlying the dynamics of behavioral evolution. I first discuss the relevance of genetic factors - e.g. genetic variability, genetic linkage, gene interactions - in shaping evolution, showing the importance of taking genetic factors into account when dealing with evolutionary dynamics. I subsequently describe the recent advancements in genetics and genomics that make the investigation of the ongoing evolutionary process of behavioral traits finally attainable. In particular, by applying genomic resequencing to experimental evolution - a me- thod called Evolve ＆ Resequence - it is possible to monitor at the same time phenotypic and genomie changes in populations exposed to controlled selective pressures. Experimental evolution of associative learning, a well-known trait that promptly re- sponds to selection, is a convenient model to illustrate this approach applied to behavior and cognition. Taking into account the recent achievements of the field, I discuss how to design and conduct an effective Evolve ＆ Resequence study on associative learning in Drosophila. By integrating phenotypic and genomic data in the investigation of evolutionary dynamics, new insights can be gained on longstanding questions such as the modularity of mind and its evolution .

关键词： Experimental evolution Behavior Genomics Evolve and Resequence Learning Drosophila.

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Stressed axons craving for glial sugar: links to regeneration?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第2期17卷 304-306页

作者： elisabetta Babetto Bogdan Beirowski Hunter James Kelly Research Institute Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical SciencesUniversity at BuffaloBuffaloNYUSA Department of Biochemistry Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical SciencesUniversity at BuffaloBuffaloNYUSA Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical SciencesUniversity at BuffaloBuffaloNYUSA

Extract The contrary but interrelated processes of axon degeneration and regeneration are the yin and yang of many neurodegenerative conditions. Here we discuss recent evidence for metabolic cross-talk between glia and injured axons regulating these processes. We especially focus on potential bioenergetic mechanisms as to how axon-flanking glia may promote regeneration.

关键词： degeneration conditions. processes.

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Modulation of the magnetic properties of gold-spinel ferrite heterostructured nanocrystals

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Nano Research 2020年第3期13卷 785-794页

作者： Elvira Fantechi Claudia Innocenti Giovanni bertoni Claudio Sangregorio Francesco Pineider INSTM and Dept of Chemistry and Industrial ChemistryUniversity of PisaPisa 56124Italy ICCOM-CNR Institute for the Chemistry of OrganoMetallic CompoundsSesto Fiorentino 50019Italy INSTM and Dept of Chemistry aU.Schiffnt University of FlorenceSesto Fiorentino 50019Italy IMEM-CNR Institute of Materials for Electronics and MagnetismParma 43124Italy CNR-Istituto Nanoscienze Modena 41125Italy

The rational design of complex nanostructures is of paramount importance to gain control over their chemical and physical ***,magnetic-plasmonic heterostructured nanocrystals have been recognized as key players in nanomedicine as multifunctional therapeutic-diagnostic tools and in *** we show how the properties of gold-iron oxide heterostructured nanocrystals can be tuned by chemical doping of the magnetic *** divalent cations in the iron oxide were substituted with cobalt and manganese to obtain a general formula Au-MFe2O4(M=Fe,Co,Mn).Magnetic properties of the heterostructures could be tuned,while maintaining well-defined plasmon resonance signatures,confirming the dual magnetic-plasmonic functional capability of these nanostructures.

关键词： heterostructured nanocrystals seeded-growth spinel ferrites magnetic-plasmonic nanoparticles

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Economic and Qualitative Traits of Italian Alps Saffron

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Journal of Mountain Science 2015年第6期12卷 1542-1550页

作者： Alessandra MANZO Sara PANSERI Danilo bertoni Annamaria GIORGI Centre for Applied Studies in the Sustainable Management and Protection of the Mountain Environment-Ge.S.Di.Mont.-Università degli Studi di Milano Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health-Università degli Studi di Milano Department of Economics Management and Quantitative Methods-Università degli Studi di Milano Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences-Production Landscape Agroenergy-Università degli Studi di Milano

Saffron, obtained from the flower stigmas of Crocus sativus L., is one of the most expensive food spices. The introduction of saffron in alpine areas could help to broaden and diversify the activities of mountain multifunctional farms, with a positive impact on economy and land management. According to ISO 3632(2010/2011), saffron can be classified into three categories of quality(I, II, III) depending on the concentration of the three main metabolites responsible for its characteristic colour, flavor and aroma: Crocin, Picrocrocin and Safranal. This study represents the first investigation of the quality of saffron produced in the Italian Alps evaluated with spectrophotometry, HPLC, solid-phase microextraction(SPME), and gas chromatographic analysis combined with mass spectrometry(GC/MS). The experiments used Crocus sativus stigmas produced in 2012-2013 in different areas of the Central Italian Alps were located at an altitude between 720 and 1200 m a.s.l.. Results obtained were compared to commercial saffron. The analyses confirmed that all samples can be classified in the first quality category according to the ISO classification. This high quality is also confirmed by HPLC analysis. Moreover, the SPME-GC/MS analysis identified some differences in the aromatic profile of saffron samples, in particular regarding safranal concentration. A preliminary assessment of the economic viability of high quality saffron production for local markets was also performed. Our study provides valid information regarding the quality and economic sustainability of saffron production in the alpine area confirming this crop as a good candidate for a new source of income for multifunctional farms in mountain areas.

关键词： Crocus sativus L. Alps ISO 3632 UV– Vis spectrophotometry SPME-GC/MS HPLC

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Diabetic retinopathy: a matter of retinal ganglion cell homeostasis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第7期15卷 1253-1254页

作者： elisabetta Catalani Davide Cervia Department for Innovation in Biological Agro-food and Forest systems (DIBAF) Università degli Studi della Tuscialargo dell’Università snc

Diabetic retinopathy(DR)is the most common complication of diabetes and the leading cause of visual impairment in the working-age population in the Western world(http://***/).One of the earliest events observed in DR is the impairment of retinal perfusion,caused by the constriction of retinal blood vessels,inducing biochemical and metabolic alterations,perycites/endothelial degeneration,and retina ischemia(Wong et al.,2016).Severe stages of DR include proliferative DR,caused by the abnormal growth of new vessels,and diabetic macular oedema in the central part of the *** is strongly associated with a prolonged duration of diabetes,hypertension,and hyperglycaemia but it can persist even after replacement of normal glycaemic status(Wong et al.,2016).

关键词： homeostasis alterations impairment

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ON THE CONVERGENCE OF PROJECTOR-SPLINES FOR THE NUMERICAL EVALUATION OF CERTAIN TWO-DIMENSIONAL CPV INTEGRALS

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Journal of Computational Mathematics 2002年第2期20卷 113-120页

作者： Santi, elisabetta Cimoroni, M.G. Department of Energetica University of L'Aquila-67040 Roio Poggio-L'Aquila 意大利

Focuses on a study that proposed product formulas based on projector-splines for the numerical evaluation of two-dimensional Cauchy principal value integrals. Preliminaries; Convergence of quadrature rules using proje... 详细信息

关键词： D Cauchy principal value integral Tensor product projector-splines.

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Playing together,laughing together:rapid facial mimicry and social sensitivity in lowland gorillas

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Current Zoology 2022年第5期68卷 560-569页

作者： Chiara Bresciani Giada Cordoni elisabetta Palagi Natural History Museum University of PisaVia Roma 79Calci(Pisa)56011Italia Department of Biology Unit of EthologyUniversity of PisaVia A.Volta 6Pisa 56126Italia

n nonhuman animals,the phenomenon of rapid facial mimicry(RFM)—the automatic,involuntary,and rapid(<1 s)replication of others’facial expressions—has been mainly investigated in the playful *** immature lowland gorillas Gorilla gorilla gorilla both play face(PF)and full PF(FPF)are rapidly mimicked between the *** makes the species suitable to test hypotheses on the factors influencing RFM during *** observations on 3 captive groups of lowland gorillas(N=27)revealed that contrary to expectations,the closeness of social bond negatively influenced the occurrence of RFM but it did not affect either RFM latency or its overlapping index(OVERLAP).RFM was affected by the degree of symmetry of play fighting:the more balanced the session,the higher the occurrence of *** of the same sex class responded faster than players of different *** findings suggest that RFM may help synchronizing behaviors of playmates matching in size(same-sex)and promote symmetric playful interactions.“Laughing together”(measured by the RFM OVERLAP)lasted longer when the responder perfectly mirrored the partner expression(PF→PF;FPF→FPF).If PF and FPF convey information on the different play roughness degree,through“laughing together”the players could coordinate their actions and share positive moods and playful *** the perfect congruency in the motor resonance,also known as social sensitivity,can foster a possible emotional dialogue between gorillas remains to be investigated.

关键词： emotional resonance facial overlapping Gorilla gorilla gorilla matching playmates mirror response play communication

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