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Conditions for autonomous choice： a qualitative study of older adults＇ experience of decision-making in TAVR

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2017年第1期14卷 42-48页

作者： elisabeth Skaar Anette Hylen Ranhoff Jan Erik Nordrehaug Daniel E Forman Margrethe Aase Schaufel Department of Heart Disease Haukeland University Hospital Bergen Norway Department of Clinical Science University of Bergen Bergen Norway Kavli Research Centre for Geriatrics and Dementia Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital Bergen Norway University of Pittsburgh Medical Center VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System Pittsburgh USA Research Unit for General Practice Uni Research Health Bergen Norway Department of Thoracic Medicine Haukeland University Hospital Bergen Norway

Background Patient autonomy is a leading principle in bioethics and a basis for shared decision making. This study explores conditions for an autonomous choice experienced by older adults who recently underwent trans-catheter aortic valve replacement （TAVR）. Methods Qualitative study entailing semi-structured interviews of a purposive sample often older （range 73-89, median 83.5 years） adults after TAVR （median 23 days）. The study setting was a cardiac department at a university hospital performing TAVR since 2010. Analysis was by systematic text condensation. Results Even when choice seemed hard or absent, TAVR-patients deliberately took the chance offered them by processing risk assessment, ambivalence and fate. They regarded declining the treatment to be worse than accepting the risk related to the procedure. The experience of being thoroughly advised by their physician formed the basis of an autonomous trust. The trust they felt for the physicians＇ recommendations mitigated ambivalence about the procedure and risks. TAVR patients expressed feelings consistent with self-empowerment and claimed that it had to be their decision. Even so, choosing the intervention as an obligation to their family or passively accepting it was also reported. Conclusions Older TAVR patients＇ experience of an autonomous decision may encompass frank tradeoff; deliberate physician dependency as well as a resilient self-view. Physicians should be especially aware of how older adults＇ subtle cognitive declines and inclinations to preserve their identities which can influence their medical decision making when obtaining in- formed consent. Cardiologists and other providers may also use these insights to develop new strategies that better respond to such inherent complexities.

关键词： Aortic stenosis Older adults Patient-centered care Shared decision-making Trans-catheter aortic valve replacement

Parkinson’s disease and translational research

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Translational Neurodegeneration 2020年第4期9卷 547-557页

作者： elisabeth Dinter Theodora Saridaki Leonie Diederichs Heinz Reichmann Bjorn H.Falkenburger Department of Neurology Technische Universitat DresdenDresdenGermany Deutsches Zentrum fur Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen DresdenGermany Department of Neurology RWTH University AachenAachenGermany

Parkinson's disease(PD)is diagnosed when patients exhibit bradykinesia with tremor and/or rigidity,and when these symptoms respond to dopaminergic *** in the last years there was a greater recognition of additional aspects of the disease including non-motor symptoms and prodromal states with associated pathology in various regions of the nervous *** this review we discuss current concepts of two major alterations found during the course of the disease:cytoplasmic aggregates of the protein a-synuclein and the degeneration of dopaminergic *** provide an overview of new approaches in this field based on current concepts and latest *** many areas,translational research on PD has advanced the understanding of the disease but there is still a need for more effective therapeutic options based on the insights into the basic biological phenomena.

关键词： α-Synuclein Pre-formed fibrils Protein aggregates Aggresome Dopamine deficiency Medium spiny neurons Autophagy

Practical strategies for modulating foam cell formation and behavior

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2014年第10期2卷 497-506页

作者： elisabeth Uitz Babak Bahadori Mark F McCarty Mohammed H Moghadasian Department of Internal Medicine 2 University Hospital of St. Poelten Karl Landsteiner Private University of Health and Life Sciences Catalytic Longevity Carlsbad CA 92009 United States Department of Human Nutritional Sciences University of Manitoba Winnipeg R2H 2A6 Manitoba Canada

Although high density lipoprotein(HDL)-mediated reverse cholesterol transport is crucial to the prevention and reversal of atheroma, a recent meta-analysis makes evident that current pharmaceutical strategies for modulating HDL cholesterol levels lower cardiovascular risk only to the extent that they concurrently decrease low density lipoprotein(LDL) cholesterol. This corresponds well with findings of a recent Mendelian randomization analysis, in which genetic polymorphisms associated with HDL cholesterol but no other known cardiovascular risk factors failed to predict risk for myocardial infarction. Although it is still seems appropriate to search for therapies that could improve the efficiency with which HDL particles induce reverse cholesterol transport, targeting HDL cholesterol levels per se with current measures appears to be futile. Itmay therefore be more promising to promote reverse cholesterol transport with agents that directly target foam cells. Macrophage expression of the cholesterol transport proteins adenosine triphosphate binding cassette transporter A1, adenosine triphosphate binding cassette transporter G1, and scavenger receptor class B member 1 is transcriptionally up-regulated by activated liver X receptors(LXR), whereas nuclear factor(NF)-kappa B antagonizes their expression. Taurine, which inhibits atherogenesis in rodent studies, has just been discovered to act as a weak agonist for LXRalpha. Conversely, it may be possible to oppose NF-kappa B activation in macrophages with a range of measures. Induction of heme oxygenase-1, which can be attained with phase 2 inducer phytochemicals such as lipoic acid and green tea catechins, promotes reverse cholesterol transport in macrophages and inhibits atherogenesis in rodents, likely due to, in large part, NF-kappa B antagonism. Inhibition of macrophage nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate(NADPH) oxidase activity with the spirulina-derived bilirubin-mimetic phycocyanobilin may also oppose NF-ka

关键词： Atherosclerosis Cholesterol Inflammation Phytochemical Nutraceutical Atherogenesis Plaque Cytokine Antioxidant

Nutritional stress reduces flight performance and exploratory behavior in a butterfly

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Insect Science 2019年第5期26卷 897-910页

作者： elisabeth Reim Danny Eichhorn Jan D.Roy Philip O.M.Steinhoff Klaus Fischer Zoological Institute and Museum Greifswald UniversityGreifswaldGermany

Anthropogenic global change, including agricultural intensification and climate change, poses a substantial challenge to many herbivores due to a reduced availability of feeding resources. The concomitant food stress is expected to detrimentally affect performance, amongst others in dispersal-related traits. Thus, while dispersal is of utmost importance to escape from deteriorating habitat conditions, such conditions may negatively feedback on the ability to do so. Therefore, we here investigate the impact of larval and adult food stress on traits related to dispersal ability, including morphology, physiology, flight performance, and exploratory behavior, in a butterfly. We show that inadequate nutrition during development and in the adult stage dim inishes flight performance, despite som e reallocation of somatic resources. Detrimental effects of food stress on flight performance were mainly caused by reductions in body mass and storage reserves. Similar results were found for exploratory behavior. Furthermore, exploratory behavior was found to be (moderately) repeatable at the individual level, which might indicate the existence of a personality trait. This notion is further supported by the fact that flight performance and exploratory behavior were positively correlated, potentially suggesting the existence of a dispersal syndrome. In summary, our findings may have important implications for dispersal in natural environments, as the conditions requiring dispersal the m ost impair flight ability and thereby likely dispersal rates.

关键词： condition dispersal syndrome flight ability food stress habitat degradation resource allocation

Cell-free DNA liquid biopsy for early detection of gastrointestinal cancers:A systematic review

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2021年第11期13卷 1799-1812页

作者： Isabelle Uhe Monika elisabeth Hagen Frederic Ris Jeremy Meyer Christian Toso Jonathan Douissard Abdominal Surgery Division Geneva University HospitalsGeneva 1211Switzerland

BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal tumors are among the most common cancer types,and early detection is paramount to improve their ***-free DNA(cfDNA)liquid biopsy raises significant hopes for non-invasive early *** To describe current applications of this technology for gastrointestinal cancer detection and *** A systematic review of the literature was performed across the PubMed *** reporting the use of cfDNA liquid biopsy in the screening or diagnosis of gastrointestinal cancers were included in the *** A total of 263 articles were screened for eligibility,of which 13 articles were *** investigated colorectal cancer(5 studies),pancreatic cancer(2 studies),hepatocellular carcinoma(3 studies),and multi-cancer detection(3 studies),including gastric,oesophageal,or bile duct cancer,representing a total of 4824 *** sensitivities ranged from 71% to 100%,and specificities ranged from 67.4% to 100%.Pre-cancerous lesions detection was less performant with a sensitivity of 16.9% and a 100% specificity in one *** study using a large biobank demonstrated a 94.9% sensitivity in detecting cancer up to 4 years before clinical symptoms,with a 61% accuracy in tissue-of-origin *** cfDNA liquid biopsy seems capable of detecting gastrointestinal cancers at an early stage of development in a non-invasive and repeatable manner and screening simultaneously for multiple cancer types in a single blood *** trials in clinically relevant settings are required to determine the exact place of this technology in gastrointestinal cancer screening and diagnosis strategies.

关键词： Cell-free DNA Tumor DNA Liquid biopsy Next-generation sequencing Cancer genomics Pancreatic cancer Colorectal cancer Hepatocellular carcinoma Multicancer detection Cancer screening Public health Precision oncology

Emotions and performance in rugby

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2019年第6期8卷 595-600页

作者： Mickael Campo Stéphane Champely Andrew MLane elisabeth Rosnet Claude Ferrand Benoit Louvet SPMS(EA 4180) UBFCDijon 21078France Laboratory for Vulnerabilities and Innovation in Sport(L-VIS EA 7428)University of Lyon 1Villeurbanne 69622France Institute of Sport Faculty of EducationHealth and Well-beingUniversity of WolverhamptonWs13BDUK Faculty of Sport Sciences Universitéde Reims Champagne-ArdenneReims 51096France Research Team of Psychology of Ages of Life(EA 2114) University Francois RabelaisTours 37041France CETAPS(EA 3832) Normandie UniversitéMont Saint Aignan 76821France

Purpose:This study investigated emotion-performance relationships in rugby *** identified which emotions rugby players experienced and the extent to which these emotions were associated with performance,considering how emotions unfold over the course of a game,and whether the game was played at home or ***:Data were gathered from 22 professional male rugby union players using auto-confrontation interviews to help identify situations within games when players experienced intense *** assessed the intensity of emotions experienced before each discrete performance and therefore could assess the emotion-performance relationship within a ***:Players identified experiencing intense emotions at 189 *** in rugby union rated the quality of each performance at these 189 time-points on a visual analog scale.A Linear Mixed Effects model to investigate emotion-performance relationships found additive effects of game location,game time,and emotions on individual ***:Results showed 7 different pre-performance emotions,with high anxiety and anger associating with poor *** research should continue to investigate emotion-performance relationships during performance using video-assisted recall and use a measure of performance that has face validity for players and coaches alike.

关键词： Emotion Game location Game time Linear Mixed Effects model Multilevel analysis Performance assessment Team sport

Possible Use of Lumpfish to Control Caligus elongatus Infestation on Farmed Atlantic Salmon: A Mini Review

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2020年第5期19卷 1133-1139页

作者： IMSLAND Albert K REMEN Mette BLOCH-HANSEN Karin SAGERUP Kjetil MATHISEN Remi MYKLEBUST elisabeth A REYNOLDS Patrick Akvaplan-niva Iceland Office Akralind 4201 KópavogurIceland Department of Biological Sciences University of BergenHigh Technology Center5020 BergenNorway Akvaplan-niva Trondheim OfficeHavnegata 97010 TrondheimNorway Akvaplan-niva Framsenteret9296 TromsøNorway Nordlaks Oppdrett AS Post Box 2248455 StokmarknesNorway Cermaq Finnmark AS Markedsgata 39510 AltaNorway GIFAS AS Gildeskål8140 InndyrNorway

In this mini review, we systematized current knowledge about the number of Caligus elongatus on farmed Atlantic salmon in relation to the use of lumpfish as cleaner fish. The review was prompted by reports of an unusually large number of sea lice(C. elongatus) infestation of farmed salmon in northern Norway, Faroese Islands and Iceland and the urgent need to determine if common lumpfish can be used to reduce the number on farmed Atlantic salmon by actively grazing on sea lice. Available data from Norway clearly indicate that lumpfish grazes on C. elongatus, and it is possible to enhance this grazing with the assistances of livefeed conditioning prior to sea pen transfer and selective breeding. Observations from Iceland, Faroese Islands and Scotland also indicate that lumpfish can effectively lower infestations of C. elongatus on salmon. Overall, this mini review expresses that lumpfish can actively lower the number of C. elongatus on farmed Atlantic salmon.

关键词： sea lice Caligus elongatus lumpfish salmon farming welfare

Pathophysiological role of guanylate-binding proteins in gastrointestinal diseases

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第28期22卷 6434-6443页

作者： Nathalie Britzen-Laurent Christian Herrmann elisabeth Naschberger Roland S Croner Michael Stürzl Division of Molecular and Experimental Surgery Department of Surgery University Medical Center Erlangen Translational Research Center Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg Physical Chemistry I Ruhr-University Bochum Department of Surgery University Medical Center Erlangen Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg

Guanylate-binding proteins(GBPs) are interferonstimulated factors involved in the defense against cellular pathogens and inflammation. These proteins, particularly GBP-1, the most prominent member of the family, have been established as reliable markers of interferon-γ-activated cells in various diseases, including colorectal carcinoma(CRC) and inflammatory bowel diseases(IBDs). In CRC, GBP-1 expression is associated with a Th1-dominated angiostatic micromilieu and is correlated with a better outcome. Inhibition of tumor growth by GBP-1 is the result of its strong antiangiogenic activity as well as its direct anti-tumorigenic effect on tumor cells. In IBD, GBP-1 mediates the anti-proliferative effects of interferon-γ on intestinal epithelial cells. In addition, it plays a protective role on the mucosa by preventing cell apoptosis, by inhibiting angiogenesis and by regulating the T-cell receptor signaling. These functions rely to a large extent on the ability of GBP-1 to interact with and remodel the actin cytoskeleton.

关键词： Guanylate-binding proteins Colorectal carcinoma Inflammatory bowel diseases Interferon

Facial nerve palsy, headache, peripheral neuropathy and Kaposi's sarcoma in an elderly man

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2014年第6期2卷 235-239页

作者： Dimitrios Daoussis elisabeth Chroni Athanassios C Tsamandas Andrew P Andonopoulos Division of Rheumatology Department of Internal Medicine University of Patras School of Medicine Department of Neurology University of Patras School of Medicine Department of Pathology University of Patras School of Medicine

We present a case of an elderly man, who initially presented with right facial nerve palsy, ipsilateral headache, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR) and no fever. A presumptive diagnosis of giant cell arteritis was made and the patient was treated with highdose steroids. A temporal artery biopsy was negative. Several months later, while on 16 mg of methylprednisolone daily, he presented with severe sensorimotor peripheral symmetric neuropathy, muscle wasting and inability to walk, uncontrolled blood sugar and psychosis. A work-up for malignancy was initiated with the suspicion of a paraneoplastic process. At the same time a biopsy of the macular skin lesions that had appeared on the skin of the left elbow and right knee almost simultaneously was inconclusive, whereas a repeat biopsy from the same area of the lesions that had become nodular, a month later, was indicative of Kaposi'ssarcoma. Finally, a third biopsy of a similar lesion, after spreading of the skin process, confirmed the diagnosis of Kaposi's sarcoma. He was treated with interferon α and later was seen in very satisfactory condition, with no clinical evidence of neuropathy, normal muscle strength, no headache, normal electrophysiologic nerve studies, involution of Kaposi's lesions and a normal ESR.

关键词： Facial nerve palsy Peripheral neuropathy Vasculitis Paraneoplastic syndrome Kaposi’s sarcoma