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The skeletal muscle fiber periphery:A nexus of mTOR-related anabolism

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运动医学与健康科学(英文) 2023年第1期5卷 10-19页

作者： Cassidy T.Tinline-Goodfellow Matthew J.Lees Nathan hodson Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education University of TorontoCanada Institute of Sport Manchester Metropolitan UniversityManchesterUnited Kingdom Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences Manchester Metropolitan UniversityManchesterUnited Kingdom

Skeletal muscle anabolism is driven by numerous stimuli such as growth factors,nutrients(i.e.,amino acids,glucose),and mechanical *** stimuli are integrated by the mechanistic target of rapamycin(mTOR)complex 1(mTORC1)signal transduction *** recent years,work from our laboratory and elsewhere has sought to unravel the molecular mechanisms underpinning the mTOR-related activation of muscle protein synthesis(MPS),as well as the spatial regulation of these mechanisms within the skeletal muscle *** studies have suggested that the skeletal muscle fiber periphery is a region of central importance in anabolism(i.e.,growth/MPS).Indeed,the fiber periphery is replete with the substrates,molecular machinery,and translational apparatus necessary to facilitate *** review provides a summary of the mechanisms underpinning the mTOR-associated activation of MPS from cell,rodent,and human *** also presents an overview of the spatial regulation of mTORC1 in response to anabolic stimuli and outlines the factors that distinguish the periphery of the cell as a highly notable region of skeletal muscle for the induction of *** research should seek to further explore the nutrient-induced activation of mTORC1 at the periphery of skeletal muscle fibers.

关键词： Skeletal muscle mTOR Periphery Muscle protein synthesis Hypertrophy Translation

A Rapid Method of Preparing the Plasma Membrane Enriched Fraction of the Bovine Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells

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眼科学报 1999年第1期15卷 22-28页

作者： Chi Ho To Stuart A hodson Department of Optometry and Radiography The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung Hom KowloonHong KongDepartment of Optometry and Vision SciencesUniversity of Wales CardiffCardiffUnited Kingdom

Purpose: To devise a rapid method of isolating the plasma membrane enriched fraction (PMEF) of the bovine retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells with Percoll cen-trifugation *** : The bovine RPE was homogenised with a tight fit Dounce homogeniser and centrifuged in a 16. 7% Percoll gradient for 20 minutes. The RPE particulate fractions were characterised in terms of their protein concentrations, Na/K-ATPase and bicarbonate stimulated ATPase *** ; The total protein recovery was 88.7% of the RPE homogenate. The nucleus layer was identified at the first band. The mitochondrial fraction was at the second layer according to its bicarbonate stimulated ATPase activity. The 3rd and 4th bands were enriched with plasma membranes and their Na/K-ATPase activities were 31. 5 and 34.6 μmol/mg/h respectively. The Na/K-ATPase activities were about six times that of the RPE ***: A rapid method of isolating the bovine RPE PMEF has been devised which involved a single

关键词：视网膜色素上皮细胞血浆膜过滤梯度眼

Double-blind randomized sham controlled trial of intraperitoneal bupivacaine during emergency laparoscopic cholecystectomy

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2013年第3期12卷 310-316页

作者： Keith J Roberts Jeff Gilmour Ruplay Pande James hodson For Tai Lam Saboor Khan Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire Wolfson Laboratory University Hospitals Birmingham

BACKGROUND: Intraperitoneal local anesthesia (IPLA) during elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy (el-LC) decreases post-operative pain. None of the studies have explored the efficacy of IPLA at emergency laparoscopic cholecystectomy (em-LC). A longer operative duration, the greater frequency of washing, and the inflammation associated with cholecystitis or pancreatitis are a few reasons why it cannot be assumed that a benefit in pain scores will be seen in em-LC with IPLA. This study was undertaken to assess the efficacy of IPLA in patients undergoing em-LC. METHODS: Double-blind randomized sham controlled trial was conducted of 41 consecutive subjects undergoing em-LC. IPLA was delivered by a combination of injection to the diaphragmatic and topical wash over the liver and gallbladder with bupivacaine or saline. The primary outcome was visual analogue scale pain scores until discharge. Secondary outcomes included pain scores in theatre recovery and analgesic consumption. RESULTS: One patient had a procedure converted to open and was excluded. There was no significant difference in pain scores in the ward or theatre recovery. Analgesic use, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, duration to ambulation, eating, satisfaction scores, and time to discharge were comparable between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: IPLA during em-LC does not influence postoperative pain. Other modalities of analgesia should be explored for decreasing the interval between diagnosis of acute admission and em-LC.

关键词： gallbladder stone disease gallbladder cholecystectomy

Venous resection at pancreaticoduodenectomy can be safely performed in the presence of jaundice

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2020年第5期19卷 488-491页

作者： Rupaly Pande James hodson Ravi Marudanayagam Darius Mirza John Isaac Keith J Roberts HPB Surgery University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation TrustBirmingham B152THUK Institute of Translational Medicine University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation TrustBirmingham B152THUK Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy University of BirminghamBirmingham B152THUK

Venous resection at pancreaticoduodenectomy(PD)has established itself as a viable treatment for borderline resectable cancer,with equivalent survival to those patients undergoing PD for cancer without venous resection[1].Thus surgery for these patients is clearly desirable,when possible,compared to palliative ***,there is concern and debate about the safety of venous resection at PD[2].There is a need to improve patient pathways,outcome and experience[3].To this end,in patients who present with jaundice,it is clear that surgery without preoperative biliary drainage(PBD)reduces complications[4].In 2015,our team introduced a‘fast track’program to routinely perform PD in the presence of jaundice[5].This change of practice has become routine,with most patients now undergoing surgery without *** is,however,unclear whether portal vein(PV)resection+PD is safe in the setting of *** aim of this study,therefore,was to compare outcomes and complications between patients with or without jaundice undergoing PD with associated resection of the superior mesenteric vein(SMV)and/or PV.

关键词： jaundice resection routine

Incidence of anastomotic stricture after Ivor-Lewis oesophagectomy using a circular stapling device

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2019年第11期11卷 407-413页

作者： Robert Tyler Amit Nair Meagan Lau James hodson Rizwan Mahmood Jan Dmitrewski Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation TrustBirmingham B152THUnited Kingdom Institute of Translational Medicine University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation TrustBirmingham B152THUnited Kingdom Department of Gastroenterology Russells Hall HospitalDudley DY12HQUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND Benign oesophageal strictures carry a significant level of morbidity,causing burdensome symptoms impacting on quality of ***-oesophagectomy anastomotic stricture rates as high as 41%have been reported in the *** can require endoscopic dilatation,often multiple times to relieve *** aim of the present study was to determine a single surgeons stricture rate in a series of 2-stage Ivor-Lewis procedures,and to identify any independent risk factors in their *** To determine a single surgeons stricture rate in a series of 2-stage Ivor-Lewis procedures,and to identify any independent risk factors in their *** We performed a retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected database of Ivor-Lewis oesophagectomy performed from 2004-2018 to determine the stricture *** database comprised a single-surgeon series of open,two-stage oesophagectomies with a circular stapled intra-thoracic *** location,histology,neoadjuvant chemotherapy,stapler size,T-stage and R-status were analysed to see if they could predict stricture *** was defined as dysphagia requiring endoscopic *** with anastomotic leaks were excluded on the basis they would develop an anastomotic *** One hundred and seventy patients were collected in the *** were excluded on the basis of anastomotic leak,perioperative death and early *** hundred and fifty-four patients(119 males,35 females)with a mean age of 64±10 years were eligible for analysis.A total of 15 patients developed strictures a median of 99 d(interquartile range:84-133)after surgery,giving a Kaplan-Meier estimated stricture rate of 10%at one *** of the factors considered were found to be significantly associated with *** In this study the stricture rate was 10%,with the majority occurring in the first 100 d after *** significant independent factors were found in the deve

关键词： Oesophageal cancer Anastomosis Stricture Stapled Circular

Prognostic factors and survival after surgical resection of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor with validation of established and modified staging systems

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2018年第2期17卷 169-175页

作者： Nikolaos Benetatos James hodson Ravi Marudanayagam Robert P Sutcliffe John R Isaac John Ayuk Tahir Shah Keith J Roberts The HPB Unit Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust Institute of Translational Medicine Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham University Hospitals Birmingham Endocrinology Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham University Hospitals Birmingham Liver Unit Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham University Hospital of Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust

Background: Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors(PNETs) display wide heterogeneity with highly variable prognosis. This study aimed to identify variables related to survival after surgical resection of ***: A total of 143 patients were identified from a prospectively maintained database. Patient characteristics were analyzed and prognostic factors for overall survival and progression-free survival were evaluated. The WHO, ENETS and AJCC scoring systems were applied to the cohort, and their ability to predict patient outcomes were ***: Multivariate analysis found that female gender, lymph node metastases and increasing WHO2010 grade to be independently associated with reduced overall survival(P < 0.05). Patients requiring multi-visceral resection or debulking surgery found to be associated with shortest survival. ROC analysis found the ENETS and AJCC scoring systems to be similarly predictive of 5-year overall survival. Modified Ki67 significantly improved its accuracy in predicting 5-year overall survival(AUROC: 0.699 vs 0.605;P < 0.01).Conclusions: Multi-visceral or debulking surgery is associated with poor outcomes. There seems to be no significant difference between enucleation and anatomical segmental resection. Available scoring systems have reasonable accuracy in stratifying disease severity, with no system identified as being *** stratification with modified grading systems needs further validation before applied in clinical practice.

关键词： Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors Prognostic factors Validation of staging systems