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Ecological Consequences of Land Use Change: Forest Structure and Regeneration across the Forest-grassland Ecotone in Mountain Pastures in Nepal

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Journal of Mountain Science 2014年第4期11卷 838-849页

作者： Lila Nath SHARMA Ole Reidar VETAAS Ram Prasad CHAUDHARY Inger elisabeth MREN Department of Geography University of Bergen Bergen 5020 Norway Research Centre for Applied Science and Technology and Central Department of Botany Tribhuvan UniversityKathmandu 977 Nepal

The ecotone, the spatial transition zone between two vegetation communities, is claimed to have more species than the adjoining communities. However, empirical studies do not always confirm higher richness at the ecotone. The ecotone position and structure are dynamic over time and space and it is driven by the changes in climate, land use or their interaction. In this context, we assessed the forest- grassland ecotone of temperate mountains in central Nepal by i） comparing species composition and richness across the ecotone, ii） analyzing if the forestgrassland ecotone is shifting towards the grassland center by colonizing them with trees, and iii） discussing the consequence of changed disturbance regime in the dynamics of this ecotone and the surrounding grasslands. We analyzed vegetation data sampled from belt transects laid across the forest- grassland ecotone in semi-natural grassland patches. Vegetation data consisting of species richness and composition, and size structure and regeneration of the two most dominant tree species, namely Rhododendron arboreum and Abies spectabilis, from the transects, were used to analyze the trend of the forest-grassland ecotone. Forest and grasslands were different in terms of floristic composition and diversity. Vascular plant speciesrichness linearly increased while moving from forest interior to grassland center. Spatial pattern of tree size structure and regeneration infers that forest boundary is advancing towards the grasslands at the expense of the grassland area, and tree establishment in the grasslands is part of a suceessional process. Temporally, tree establishment in grasslands started following the gradual decline in disturbance. We argue that local processes in terms of changed land use may best explain the phenomenon of ecotone shift and consequent forest expansion in these grasslands. We underpin the need for further research on the mechanism, rate and spatial extent of ecotone shift by using advaneed tools to

关键词： Ecotone shift Grasslands Forest Landuse change Rhododendron

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Successful surgical management of ruptured umbilical hernias in cirrhotic patients

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第10期21卷 3109-3113页

作者： Nikolaos A Chatzizacharias J Andrew Bradley Simon Harper Andrew Butler Asif Jah Emmanuel huguet Raaj K Praseedom Michael Allison Paul Gibbs Department of HPB and Transplant Surgery Addenbrooke’s Hospital NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre Department of Hepatology Addenbrooke’s Hospital

Acute umbilical hernia rupture in patients with hepatic cirrhosis and ascites is an unusual,but potentially lifethreatening complication,with postoperative morbidity about 70% and mortality between 60%-80% after supportive care and 6%-20% after urgent surgical *** options include primary surgical repair with or without concomitant portal venous system decompression for the control of the *** present a retrospective analysis of our centre's experience over the last 6 *** cohort consisted of 11 consecutive patients(median age:53 years,range:36-63 years) with advanced hepatic cirrhosis and refractory *** patient resuscitation and optimisation with intravenous fluids,prophylactic antibiotics and local measures was *** failed attempt for conservative management was followed by a successful primary *** all cases,with one exception,a primary repair with non-absorbable Nylon,interrupted sutures,without mesh,was *** perioperative complication rate was 25% and the recurrence rate 8.3%.No mortality was *** length of hospital stay was 14 d(range:4-31 d).Based on our experience,the management of ruptured umbilical hernias in patients with advanced hepatic cirrhosis and refractory ascites is feasible without the use of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt routinely in the preoperative period,provided that meticulous patient optimisation is performed.

关键词： Umbilical hernia Rupture Cirrhosis Ascites Transju

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Biological treatment of chicken feather waste for improved biogas production

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2011年第10期23卷 1747-1753页

作者： Gergely Forgcs Saeid Alinezhad Amir Mirabdollah elisabeth Feuk-Lagerstedt Ilona Srvri Horvth School of Engineering University of Bors501 90 BorsSweden Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Chalmers University of Technology412 96 GteborgSweden School of Engineering University of Boras501 90 BorsSweden

A two-stage system was developed which combines the biological degradation of keratin-rich waste with the production of biogas. Chicken feather waste was treated biologically with a recombinant Bacillus megaterium strain showing keratinase activity prior to biogas production. Chopped, autoclaved chicken feathers （4%, W/V） were completely degraded, resulting in a yellowish fermentation broth with a level of 0.51 mg/mL soluble proteins after 8 days of cultivation of the recombinant strain. During the subsequent anaerobic batch digestion experiments, methane production of 0.35 Nm3/kg dry feathers （i.e., 0.4 Nm3/kg volatile solids of feathers）, corresponding to 80% of the theoretical value on proteins, was achieved from the feather hydrolyzates, independently of the pre- hydrolysis time period of 1, 2 or 8 days. Cultivation with a native keratinase producing strain, Bacillus licheniformis resulted in only 0.25 mg/mL soluble proteins in the feather hydrolyzate, which then was digested achieving a maximum accumulated methane production of 0.31 Nm3/kg dry feathers. Feather hydrolyzates treated with the wild type B. megaterium produced 0.21 Nm3 CH4/kg dry feathers as maximum yield.

关键词： anaerobic digestion feather waste keratinase, Bacillus licheniformis Bacillus megaterium gene expression

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New hypertension and diabetes diagnoses following the Affordable Care Act Medicaid expansion

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Family Medicine and Community Health 2020年第4期8卷 84-89页

作者： Heather Angier Nathalie huguet David Ezekiel-Herrera Miguel Marino Teresa Schmidt Beverly B Green Jennifer E DeVoe Family Medicine Oregon Health&Science UniversityPortlandOregonUSA Biostatistics Group Oregon Health&Science University-Portland State University School of Public HealthPortlandOregonUSA Research OCHINPortlandOregonUSA Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute SeattleWashingtonUSA

Objective To assess the Affordable Care Act(ACA)Medicaid expansion’s impact on new hypertension and diabetes diagnoses in community health centres(CHCs).Design Rates of new hypertension and diabetes diagnoses were computed using generalised estimating equation Poisson models and we tested the difference-in difference(DID)pre-ACA versus post-ACA in states that expanded Medicaid compared with those that did *** We used electronic health record data(pre-ACA:1 January 2012-31 December 2013-post-ACA:1 January 2014-31 December 2016)from the Accelerating Data Value Across a National Community Health Center Network clinical data *** included clinics with≥50 patients contributing to person-time at risk in each study *** Patients aged 19-64 with≥1 ambulatory visit in the study period were *** then excluded patients who were pregnant during the study period(N=127530).For the hypertension outcome,we excluded individuals with a diagnosis of hypertension prior to the start of the study period,those who had a hypertension diagnosis on their first visit to a clinic or their first visit after 3 years without a visit,and those who had a diagnosis more than 3 years after their last visit(pre-ACA non-expansion N=130973;expansion N=193198;post-ACA non-expansion N=186341;expansion N=251015).For the diabetes analysis,we excluded patients with a diabetes diagnosis prior to study start,on their first visit or first visit after inactive patient status,and diagnosis while not an active patient(pre-ACA non-expansion N=145435;expansion N=198558;post-ACA non-expansion N=215039;expansion N=264644).Results In non-expansion states,adjusted hypertension diagnosis rates saw a relative decrease of 6%,while in expansion states,the adjusted rates saw a relative increase of 7%(DID 1.14,95%CI 1.11 to 1.18).For diabetes diagnosis,adjusted rates in non-expansion states experienced a significant relative increase of 28%and in expansion states the relative increase was 25%

关键词： diagnosis hypertension expansion

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Colonic and anal metastases from pancreato-biliary malignancies

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第13期20卷 3693-3697页

作者： Farshid Ejtehadi Nikolaos A Chatzizacharias Rebecca J Brais Nigel R Hall Edmund M Godfrey Emmanuel huguet Raaj K Praseedom Asif Jah Department of HPB and Transplant Surgery Addenbrooke’s HospitalCambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustCambridgeshire CB2 0QQUnited Kingdom Department of Histopathology Addenbrooke’s HospitalCambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustCambridgeshire CB2 0QQUnited Kingdom Cambridge Colorectal Unit Addenbrooke’s HospitalCambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustCambridgeshireCB2 0QQUnited Kingdom Department of Radiology Addenbrooke’s HospitalCambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustCambridgeshire CB2 0QQUnited Kingdom

Pancreato-biliary malignancies often present with locally advanced or metastatic *** is the mainstay of treatment although less than 20%of tumours are suitable for resection at *** sites for metastases are liver,lungs,lymph nodes and peritoneal *** disease carries poor prognosis,with median survival of less than 3 *** report two cases where metastases from pancreato-biliary cancers were identified in the colon and anal *** both cases specific immunohistochemical staining was utilised in the *** the first case,the pre-senting complaint was obstructive jaundice due to an ampullary tumour for which a pancreato-duodenectomy was carried ***,the patient re-presented 4wk later with an atypical anal fissure which was found to be metastatic deposit from the primary ampullary *** the second case,the patient presented with obstructive jaundice due to a biliary *** imaging revealed sigmoid thickening,which was confirmed to be a metastatic *** colonic and anorectal metastases from pancreatobiliary cancers are rare and can masquerade as primary colorectal *** key to the diagnosis is the specific immunohistochemical profile of the intestinal lesion biopsies.

关键词： Pancreatobiliary cancer Rare metastatic sites Colonic metastasis Anal metastasis Immunohistochemistry

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The Xa7 resistance gene guards the rice susceptibility gene SWEET14 against exploitation by the bacterial blight pathogen

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Plant Communications 2021年第3期2卷 82-92页

作者： Dangping Luo Jose C.huguet-Tapia R.Taylor Raborn Frank F.White Volker P.Brendel Bing Yang Division of Plant Sciences Bond Life Sciences CenterUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMO 65211USA Department of Plant Pathology University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32611USA Department of Biology Department of Computer ScienceIndiana UniversityBloomingtonIN 47405USA Donald Danforth Plant Science Center St.LouisMO 63132USA Biodesign Institute Center for Mechanisms of Evolution Arizona State UniversityTempeAZ 85281USA

Many plant disease resistance(R)genes function specifically in reaction to the presence of cognate effectors from a *** oryzae pathovar oryzae(Xoo)uses transcription activator-like effectors(TALes)to target specific rice genes for expression,thereby promoting host susceptibility to bacterial ***,we report the molecular characterization of Xa7,the cognate R gene to the TALes AvrXa7 and PthXo3,which target the rice major susceptibility gene ***7 was mapped to a unique 74-kb *** expression analysis of the region revealed a candidate gene that contained a putative AvrXa7 effector binding element(EBE)in its promoter and encoded a 113-amino-acid peptide of unknown *** editing at the Xa7 locus rendered the plants susceptible to avrXa7-carrying Xoo *** AvrXa7 and PthXo3 activated a GUS reporter gene fused with the EBE-containing Xa7 promoter in Nicotiana *** EBE of Xa7 is a close mimic of the EBE of SWEET14 for TALe-induced disease *** expression of Xa7 triggers cell death in ***7 is prevalent in indica rice accessions from 3000 rice ***7 appears to be an adaptation that protects against pathogen exploitation of SWEET14 and disease susceptibility.

关键词： Xa7 TAL effector Xanthomonas bacterial blight disease resistance SWEET14

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Parkinson’s disease and translational research

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Translational Neurodegeneration 2020年第4期9卷 547-557页

作者： elisabeth Dinter Theodora Saridaki Leonie Diederichs Heinz Reichmann Bjorn H.Falkenburger Department of Neurology Technische Universitat DresdenDresdenGermany Deutsches Zentrum fur Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen DresdenGermany Department of Neurology RWTH University AachenAachenGermany

Parkinson's disease(PD)is diagnosed when patients exhibit bradykinesia with tremor and/or rigidity,and when these symptoms respond to dopaminergic *** in the last years there was a greater recognition of additional aspects of the disease including non-motor symptoms and prodromal states with associated pathology in various regions of the nervous *** this review we discuss current concepts of two major alterations found during the course of the disease:cytoplasmic aggregates of the protein a-synuclein and the degeneration of dopaminergic *** provide an overview of new approaches in this field based on current concepts and latest *** many areas,translational research on PD has advanced the understanding of the disease but there is still a need for more effective therapeutic options based on the insights into the basic biological phenomena.

关键词： α-Synuclein Pre-formed fibrils Protein aggregates Aggresome Dopamine deficiency Medium spiny neurons Autophagy

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Real-world data on the infliximab biosimilar CT-P13 (Remsima®) in inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2021年第36期9卷 11285-11299页

作者： Jose María huguet Xavier Cortés Marta Maia Bosca-Watts Marian Aguas Nuria Maroto Lidia Martí Cirilo Amorós Jose María Paredes Department of Gastroenterology General University Hospital of ValenciaValencia 46014Spain Department of Gastroenterology Hospital de SaguntoSagunto 46520Spain Department of Gastroenterology Hospital Clinico Universitario de ValenciaValencia 46010Spain Department of Gastroenterology Hospital Universitario y Politecnico la Fe de ValenciaValencia 46026Spain Department of Gastroenterology Hospital de ManisesManises 46940Spain Department of Gastroenterology Hospital Comarcal Francesc de BorjaGandia 46702Spain Department of Gastroenterology Hospital Arnau de Vilanova de ValenciaValencia 46015Spain Department of Gastroenterology Hospital Universitario Doctor Peset de ValenciaValencia 46017Spain

BACKGROUND In recent years,biological therapies have revolutionized the management of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD);however,they are *** development of biosimilar products has allowed us to reduce healthcare costs and improve patients’access to these *** various studies support the similarity between infliximab and its biosimilar CT-P13 in terms of efficacy and safety,there are unmet needs regarding research on these agents in the context of *** To analyze clinical response rates to CT-P13 and adverse events in IBD patients treated in real-life *** An observational,prospective,multicenter study of IBD patients treated with CTP13 in clinical practice who were naïve to biological treatments or failed to respond to other anti-tumor necrosis factor drugs or had switched from infliximab originator was carried *** diagnostic or follow-up interventions were conducted on patients outside usual clinical *** primary endpoints were clinical response rates and number of adverse *** primary efficacy variable was the proportion of patients who were in clinical remission and/or had a clinical response at 3,6,9,and 12 *** A total of 220 IBD patients treated with CT-P13(Remsima®)were included in the study:87(40%)with ulcerative colitis and 133(60%)with Crohn’s *** age of the patients was 41.47(SD 15.74)years,and 58%were ***(9%)patients started treatment with CT-P13 after switching from *** the remaining 201 patients,142(65%)were naïve to biologic *** baseline,68.6%(n=138/201)of patients presented with active *** 12 mo of treatment,14.8%(n=12/81)presented with active disease,and 64.2%(n=52/81)were in clinical remission without *** 3 mo,75.5%(n=115/152)had a clinical response or achieved clinical remission,which was sustained for 12 mo(85.2%;n=69/81).There was a decrease in specific IBD indices at 3,6,9,and 12 mo(P<0.001).A total of 34 adverse events

关键词： Crohn’s disease Ulcerative colitis Inflammatory bowel disease Infliximab Biosimilar CT-P13

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Practical strategies for modulating foam cell formation and behavior

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2014年第10期2卷 497-506页

作者： elisabeth Uitz Babak Bahadori Mark F McCarty Mohammed H Moghadasian Department of Internal Medicine 2 University Hospital of St. Poelten Karl Landsteiner Private University of Health and Life Sciences Catalytic Longevity Carlsbad CA 92009 United States Department of Human Nutritional Sciences University of Manitoba Winnipeg R2H 2A6 Manitoba Canada

Although high density lipoprotein(HDL)-mediated reverse cholesterol transport is crucial to the prevention and reversal of atheroma, a recent meta-analysis makes evident that current pharmaceutical strategies for modulating HDL cholesterol levels lower cardiovascular risk only to the extent that they concurrently decrease low density lipoprotein(LDL) cholesterol. This corresponds well with findings of a recent Mendelian randomization analysis, in which genetic polymorphisms associated with HDL cholesterol but no other known cardiovascular risk factors failed to predict risk for myocardial infarction. Although it is still seems appropriate to search for therapies that could improve the efficiency with which HDL particles induce reverse cholesterol transport, targeting HDL cholesterol levels per se with current measures appears to be futile. Itmay therefore be more promising to promote reverse cholesterol transport with agents that directly target foam cells. Macrophage expression of the cholesterol transport proteins adenosine triphosphate binding cassette transporter A1, adenosine triphosphate binding cassette transporter G1, and scavenger receptor class B member 1 is transcriptionally up-regulated by activated liver X receptors(LXR), whereas nuclear factor(NF)-kappa B antagonizes their expression. Taurine, which inhibits atherogenesis in rodent studies, has just been discovered to act as a weak agonist for LXRalpha. Conversely, it may be possible to oppose NF-kappa B activation in macrophages with a range of measures. Induction of heme oxygenase-1, which can be attained with phase 2 inducer phytochemicals such as lipoic acid and green tea catechins, promotes reverse cholesterol transport in macrophages and inhibits atherogenesis in rodents, likely due to, in large part, NF-kappa B antagonism. Inhibition of macrophage nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate(NADPH) oxidase activity with the spirulina-derived bilirubin-mimetic phycocyanobilin may also oppose NF-ka

关键词： Atherosclerosis Cholesterol Inflammation Phytochemical Nutraceutical Atherogenesis Plaque Cytokine Antioxidant

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Nutritional stress reduces flight performance and exploratory behavior in a butterfly

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Insect Science 2019年第5期26卷 897-910页

作者： elisabeth Reim Danny Eichhorn Jan D.Roy Philip O.M.Steinhoff Klaus Fischer Zoological Institute and Museum Greifswald UniversityGreifswaldGermany

Anthropogenic global change, including agricultural intensification and climate change, poses a substantial challenge to many herbivores due to a reduced availability of feeding resources. The concomitant food stress is expected to detrimentally affect performance, amongst others in dispersal-related traits. Thus, while dispersal is of utmost importance to escape from deteriorating habitat conditions, such conditions may negatively feedback on the ability to do so. Therefore, we here investigate the impact of larval and adult food stress on traits related to dispersal ability, including morphology, physiology, flight performance, and exploratory behavior, in a butterfly. We show that inadequate nutrition during development and in the adult stage dim inishes flight performance, despite som e reallocation of somatic resources. Detrimental effects of food stress on flight performance were mainly caused by reductions in body mass and storage reserves. Similar results were found for exploratory behavior. Furthermore, exploratory behavior was found to be (moderately) repeatable at the individual level, which might indicate the existence of a personality trait. This notion is further supported by the fact that flight performance and exploratory behavior were positively correlated, potentially suggesting the existence of a dispersal syndrome. In summary, our findings may have important implications for dispersal in natural environments, as the conditions requiring dispersal the m ost impair flight ability and thereby likely dispersal rates.

关键词： condition dispersal syndrome flight ability food stress habitat degradation resource allocation

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