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Regeneration mechanisms and therapeutic strategies for neuromuscular junctions in aging and diseases

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 193-194页

作者： Masashi Fujitani Abu md Mamun Tarif Yoshinori Otani department of Anatomy and Neuroscience Faculty of MedicineShimane UniversityShimaneJapan

The neuromuscular junction(NMJ)is an essential synaptic structure composed of motor neurons,skeletal muscles,and glial cells that orchestrate the critical process of muscle contraction(Li et al.,2018).The typical NMJ structure is classically described as having a“pretzel-like”shape in mice(Figure 1),whereas human NMJs have a smaller,fragmented structure throughout *** NMJs exhibit smaller or fragmented endplates,partial denervation,reduced numbers of synaptic vesicles,abnormal presynaptic mitochondria,and dysfunctional perisynaptic Schwann cells(Alhindi et al.,2022).

关键词： aging structure Figure

Steel Surface defect detection Using Learnable Memory Vision Transformer

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第1期82卷 499-520页

作者： Syed Tasnimul Karim Ayon Farhan md.Siraj Jia Uddin department of Computer Science and Engineering BRAC UniversityDhaka1212Bangladesh department of AI and Big data Endicott CollegeWoosong UniversityDaejeon34606Republic of Korea

This study investigates the application of Learnable Memory Vision Transformers(LMViT)for detecting metal surface flaws,comparing their performance with traditional CNNs,specifically ResNet18 and ResNet50,as well as other transformer-based models including Token to Token ViT,ViT withoutmemory,and Parallel *** awidely-used steel surface defect dataset,the research applies data augmentation and t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding(t-SNE)to enhance feature extraction and *** techniques mitigated overfitting,stabilized training,and improved generalization *** LMViT model achieved a test accuracy of 97.22%,significantly outperforming ResNet18(88.89%)and ResNet50(88.90%),aswell as the Token to TokenViT(88.46%),ViT without memory(87.18),and Parallel ViT(91.03%).Furthermore,LMViT exhibited superior training and validation performance,attaining a validation accuracy of 98.2%compared to 91.0%for ResNet 18,96.0%for ResNet50,and 89.12%,87.51%,and 91.21%for Token to Token ViT,ViT without memory,and Parallel ViT,*** findings highlight the LMViT’s ability to capture long-range dependencies in images,an areawhere CNNs struggle due to their reliance on local receptive fields and hierarchical feature *** additional transformer-based models also demonstrate improved performance in capturing complex features over CNNs,with LMViT excelling particularly at detecting subtle and complex defects,which is critical for maintaining product quality and operational efficiency in industrial *** instance,the LMViT model successfully identified fine scratches and minor surface irregularities that CNNs often *** study not only demonstrates LMViT’s potential for real-world defect detection but also underscores the promise of other transformer-based architectures like Token to Token ViT,ViT without memory,and Parallel ViT in industrial scenarios where complex spatial relationships are *** research m

关键词： Learnable Memory Vision Transformer(LMViT) Convolutional Neural Networks(CNN) metal surface defect detection deep learning,computer vision image classification learnable memory gradient clipping label smoothing t-SNE visualization

Ru/NiMnB spherical cluster pillar for highly proficient green hydrogen electrocatalyst at high current density

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 397-408页

作者： md Ahasan Habib Shusen Lin Mehedi Hasan Joni Sumiya Akter dristy Rutuja Mandavkar Jae-Hun Jeong Jihoon Lee department of Electronic Engineering College of Electronics and Information Kwangwoon University

Advanced OER/HER electrocatalytic alternatives are crucial for the wide adaptation of green hydrogen ***,Ru/NiMnB spherical cluster pillar （SCP）,denoted as Ru/NiMnB,is synthesized using a combination of electro-deposition and hydrothermal *** investigation of Ru doping in the NiMnB matrix revealed significant improvements in electrocatalytic *** Ru/NiMnB SCPs demonstrate superior OER/HER activity with low overpotentials of 150 and 103 mV at 50mA/cm2in 1 M KOH,making them highly competitive with state-of-the-art ***,the Ru/NiMnB SCPs exhibit a low 2-E cell voltage of 2.80 V at ultra-high current density of 2,000 m A/cm2in 1 M KOH,outperforming the standard benchmark electrodes of RuO2||Pt/C,thereby positioning Ru/NiMnB as one of the best bifunctional *** SCPs exhibit exceptional high-current characteristics,stability and corrosion resistance,as evidenced by continuous operation at 1,000 mA/cm2high-current density for over 150 h in 6 M KOH at elevated temperatures under harsh industrial *** a small amount of Ru incorporation significantly enhances the electrocatalytic performances of NiMnB,attributed to increased active sites and improved intrinsic properties such as conductivity,adsorption/desorption capability and reaction ***,Ru/NiMnB SCPs present a promising bi-functional electrode concept for efficient green H2production.

关键词： Potassium hydroxide

A Study on the Gas-Solid Particle Flows in a Needle-Free drug delivery device

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Journal of Thermal Science 2013年第4期22卷 340-344页

作者： md.Alim Iftekhar Rasel md.Abu Taher H.d.Kim department of Mechanical Engineering Andong National University

different systems have been used over the years to deliver drug particles to the human skin for pharmaceutical effect. Research has been done to improve the performance and flexibility of these systems. In recent years a unique system called the transdermal drug delivery has been developed. Transdermal drug delivery opened a new door in the field of drug delivery as it is more flexible and offers better performance than the conventional systems. The principle of this system is to accelerate drug particles with a high speed gas flow. Among different transdermal drug delivery systems we will concentrate on the contour shock tube system in this paper. A contoured shock tube is consists of a rupture chamber, a shock tube and a supersonic nozzle section. The drug particles are retained between a set of bursting diaphragm. When the diaphragm is ruptured at a certain pressure, a high speed unsteady flow is initiated through the shock tube which accelerates the particles. Computational fluid dynamics is used to simulate and analyze the flow field. The dPM (discrete phase method) is used to model the particle flow. As an unsteady flow is initiated though the shock tube the drag correlation proposed by Igra et al is used other than the standard drag correlation. The particle velocities at different sections including the nozzle exit are investigated under different operating conditions. Static pressure histories in different sections in the shock tube are investigated to analyze the flow field. The important aspects of the gas and particle dynamics in the shock tube are discussed and analyzed in details.

关键词： Shock tube drug delivery Contoured shock tube Unsteady flow Biolistics

Rhabdomyolysis-related acute kidney injury in COVId-19:A critical concern

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World Journal of Virology 2025年第1期14卷 127-129页

作者： md Safiullah Sarker Virology Laboratory Infectious Diseases DivisionDhaka 1212Bangladesh

Rhabdomyolysis is a severe condition characterized by the breakdown of muscle tissue leading to the release of intracellular components into the *** condition,when associated with acute kidney injury(AKI),can result in significant morbidity and mortality,particularly in the context of coronavirus disease 2019(COVId-19).This editorial discusses a retrospective study on patients with COVId-19 who developed rhabdomyolysis-related *** study highlights that patients with rhabdomyolysis exhibited higher inflammatory markers,such as Creactive protein,ferritin,and procalcitonin,and experienced worse clinical outcomes compared to those with other causes of *** findings underscore the importance of early recognition and management of rhabdomyolysis in COVId-19 patients to improve prognosis and reduce mortality rates.

关键词： Rhabdomyolysis Acute kidney injury COVId-19 SARS-CoV-2 Creatine kinase Inflammation Prognosis Mortality

Capturing transition and non-transition flows with a new shear stress transport model

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2023年第3期36卷 121-136页

作者： md Mizanur RAHMAN School of Mechanical Engineering Hangzhou Dianzi UniversityHangzhou 310018China

A new Shear Stress Transport(SST)k-ω model is devised to integrate salient features of both the non-transitional SST k-ω model and correlation-based γ-Re_(θ) transition *** exceptionally simplified approach is applied to extend the New SST(NSST)model capabilities toward transition/non-transition ***’s stress-intensity factor R_(b)=|-uv|/k can be parameterized with the wall-distance dependent Reynolds number Re_(y)=√ky/v;however,as the Re_(y)is replaced by a“flow-structure-adaptive”parameter R_(μ)=v_(T)/v,the resulting R_(b)is capable of capturing various transition phenomena *** prospective stress-intensity parameter R_(b)=R_(b)(Re_(y),R_(μ))is incorporated in the constitutive relations for eddy-viscosity v_(T) and production term P_(k).The proposed formulation is intrinsically plausible,having a dramatic impact on the prediction of bypass,separation-induced and natural transitions together with non-transitional *** extra viscous-production term P_(k)^(lim) is added with the k-equation to ensure proper generation of k at the viscous sublayer when computing separation-induced transition over a Low-Reynolds Number(LRN)*** demonstrate that the NSST k-ω model maintains an excellent consistency with both SST k-ω and γ-Re_(θ) models.

关键词： γ-Re_(θ)model Non-transition Stress-intensity parameter SST model Transition

Pressure-dependent physical properties of cubic SrΒO3(Β=Cr,Fe)perovskites investigated by density functional theory

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Chinese Physics B 2020年第12期29卷 212-220页

作者： md Zahid Hasan md Rasheduzzaman Khandaker Monower Hossain department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering International Islamic University ChittagongKumiraChittagong-4318Bangladesh department of Materials Science and Engineering University of RajshahiRajshahi-6205Bangladesh

We perform the first-principles investigations of the structural,elastic,electronic,and optical properties of SrBO3(B=Cr,Fe)perovskites under pressure based on density functional theory(dFT).This is the first detailed pressure-dependent study of the physical properties for these *** calculated structural parameters are consistent with the existing experimental results and slightly decrease with the application of *** mechanical properties are discussed in detail and reveal that the SrCrO3 is harder than *** pressure,these compounds behave like half-metals,confirmed by their band structure and density of *** the SrCrO3 retains its half-metallic nature under pressure,SrFeO3 becomes metallic for both up-spin and down-spin *** charge density and bond overlap population reveal the covalent nature of Cr–O bond and Fe–O bond in the studied *** optical properties of SrBO3,also discussed for the first time,reveal some interesting results.

关键词： density functional theory(dFT) effects of pressure electronic band structure optical properties

Miscibility and Molecular Orientation of Carbazole in Mixed Langmuir and Langmuir-Blodgett Films

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Chinese Physics Letters 2007年第7期24卷 2044-2047页

作者： md. N. Islam d. Bhattachaxjee S. A. Hussain department of Physics Tripura University Suryamaninagar-799130 Tripura India

We report the miscibility and molecular orientation of carbazole （CA） molecules in the mixed Langmuir and Langmuir-Blodgett （LB） films of CA in polymethyl methacrylate （PMMA） and stearic acid （SA） matrices. The lr-A isotherm confirms the formation of stable Langmuir films of CA mixed with either PMMA or SA at airwater interface. ＇Characteristics of area per molecule versus molefraction and collapse pressure versus molefraction reveal complete demixing of CA and the matrix PMMA/SA molecules in the mixed films. Absorption spectroscopy certainly confirms the fact that CA molecules have preferred orientation on the substrate of the LB films.

关键词： ELECTROLUMINESCENT dEVICES ENERGY-TRANSFER

Redox dysregulation as a driver for dNA damage and its relationship to neurodegenerative diseases

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Translational Neurodegeneration 2023年第1期12卷 604-637页

作者： Sina Shadfar Sonam Parakh md Shafi Jamali Julie d.Atkin Centre for Motor Neuron disease Research Macquarie Medical SchoolMacquarie UniversitySydneyNSW 2109Australia La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science La Trobe UniversityBundooraMelbourneVIC 3086Australia

Redox homeostasis refers to the balance between the production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)as well as reactive nitrogen species(RNS),and their elimination by *** is linked to all important cellular activities and oxidative stress is a result of imbalance between pro-oxidants and antioxidant *** stress perturbs many cellular activities,including processes that maintain the integrity of *** acids are highly reactive and therefore particularly susceptible to *** dNA damage response detects and repairs these dNA *** dNA repair processes are therefore essential for maintaining cellular viability,but they decline considerably during *** damage and deficiencies in dNA repair are increasingly described in age-related neurodegenerative diseases,such as Alzheimer’s disease,Parkinson’s disease,amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Huntington’s ***,oxidative stress has long been associated with these ***,both redox dysregulation and dNA damage increase significantly during aging,which is the biggest risk factor for neurodegenerative ***,the links between redox dysfunction and dNA damage,and their joint contributions to pathophysiology in these conditions,are only just *** review will discuss these associations and address the increasing evidence for redox dysregulation as an important and major source of dNA damage in neurodegenerative *** these connections may facilitate a better understanding of disease mechanisms,and ultimately lead to the design of better therapeutic strategies based on preventing both redox dysregulation and dNA damage.

关键词： Redox dysregulation dNA damage Neurodegeneration Reactive oxygen species Oxidative stress