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Predicting the dynamics of local adaptation in invasive species

Journal of Arid Land 2013年第3期5卷 268-274页

作者： erin k ESPELAND USDA-ARS Pest management Research Unit Sidney MT 59270USA

An invasive plant species may restrict its spread to only one type of habitat, or, after some time, may continue to spread into a different, often stressful, secondary, habitat. The question of whether evolution is required for an invasive species to spread from one habitat to another is currently hotly debated. In order for local adaptation to occur, genetic variation must be present within invasive populations. In this paper, I focus on the effect of habitat on the maintenance of genetic variation during the lag phase, the phase of population stability prior to expansion. Genetic diversity in invasive plant populations accumulates through multiple introductions, gene flow, mutation, and hybridization, but diversity is maintained by population level processes influencing effective population size （Ne）. I show that when the plastic response to the environment results in little variation in reproductive output among indi- viduals, Ne is maximized and genetic variation is maintained. Established models of plant competition show that below-ground competition reduces the variation in reproductive output, whereas competition for light increases variation in reproductive output. The same environments that maintain high Ne also reduce the opportunity for se- lection and minimize the response to selection, and thus the effects of the environment are synchronized to prevent genetic purges. When the primary invasion habitat supports high Ne, conditions are ripe for local adaptation to a secondary habitat, particularly if the secondary habitat has high opportunity for selection. When the primary invasion habitat supports low Ne, genetic diversity is less likely to be sufficient for local adaptation to secondary habitat to occur.

关键词： canalization phenotypic plasticity population expansion secondary invasion

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Invasive grasses consistently create similar plant-soil feedback types in soils collected from geographically distant locations

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2016年第2期9卷 180-186页

作者： Lora B.Perkins Gary Hatfield erin k.Espeland Department of Natural Resource management South Dakota State University1 N.Campus Dr.BrookingsSD 57007USA Department of mathematics and Statistics South Dakota State University100 Admin LaneBrookingsSD 57007USA Pest management Research Unit USDA-ARS NPARL1500 North Central AveSidneyMT 59270USA

Aims Plants of similar life forms and closely related species have been observed to create similar types of plant–soil feedbacks(PSFs).However,investigations of the consistency of PSFs within species have not yielded clear *** example,it has been reported that species create different types of PSFs in their native and introduced *** aim of this project is to examine if four species create similar PSF types from soils collected from widely distributed areas within their introduced *** soil for this project was collected from three areas in western North *** this design,we aim to determine species-and site-specific ability to create PSFs and if the type of PSF created is consistent in all soil from all three collection *** species examined are Agropyron cristatum,Centaurea solstitialis,Poa pratensis and Taeniatherum *** We used three-field collected soils(from northern Nevada,western Montana and eastern Montana)in a two-phase greenhouse experiment to quantify the type of PSFs created by four invasive *** first phase was a conditioning phase wherein each invasive species created species-specific changes to the *** second phase of the experiment was the response phase wherein both the conditioning species and a native phytometer were grown in the conditioned soil and in unconditioned(control)*** final aboveground biomass was used to evaluate the effect of conditioning and to determine the type of PSF created by each invasive *** Findings Our results suggest that three of our four study species did show consistency in relation to *** species *** and *** consistently created PSF types that benefit conspecifics more than heterospecifics(and thus are‘invasive’PSF types)and *** consistently exhibited no,or‘neutral’,*** fourth species(***)was inconsistent:in one soil,no feedback was created;in other soil,an invasive PSF was created and in t

关键词： plant-soil feedback invasion niche construction

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Not yet defect-free: the current landscape for women in computational materials research

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npj Computational materials 2023年第1期9卷 1342-1351页

作者： Livia B.Pártay erin G.Teich Rose k.Cersonsky Department of Chemistry University of WarwickCoventry CV47ALUnited Kingdom Department of Physics Wellesley College106 Central StreetWellesley 02481 MAUSA Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison1415 Engineering DriveMadison 53706 WIUSA

INTRODUCTION“I really am not seeing how women are still considered disadvantaged in our field.”This phrase is heard all-too-often by woman scientists across many *** while attitudes on gender equity and parity have considerably improved in recent history,there are still measurable inequities stemming from systemic bias in the career progression,recognition,and perception of women in the sciences,including our sub-field of computational materials *** the obstacles to equity is in the interests of all of *** research inclusive is critical,not only from an ethical standpoint,but also for attracting and retaining dedicated and talented minds,enhancing the vibrancy of all fields,and nurturing a diverse range of ideas.

关键词： landscape attracting retaining

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Parents' participation in physical activity predicts maintenance of some,but not all, types of physical activity in offspring during early adolescence:A prospective longitudinal study

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2019年第3期8卷 273-279页

作者： Jennifer Brunei Jeffrey Gaudet erin k.Wing mathieu Bélanger School of Human kinetics University of Ottawa Institut du Savoir Montfort (ISM) H?pital Montfort cancer Therapeutic Program Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (OHRI) Centre de formation medicale du Nouveau-Brunswick Universite de Moncton Centre de formation médicale du Nouveau-Brunswick Université de Moncton

Purpose: We aimed to examine the longitudinal associations between parents' and youth's participation in physical activity(PA).Methods-: One hundred and ninety youth cuompleted self-admitiistered questionnaires 3 times per year from 2011 to 2015, and their parents completed an interviewer-administered questionnaire during a telephone interview once in2011-2012. Data on youth's and parents' activities were classified as interdependent or coactive/***: Youth with one or both parents who participated in interdependent activities were more likely to maintain participation in interdependent activities(hazard ratio(HR) = 3.63: 95% confidence interval(CI) = 1.30-10.17). Youth's sustained participation in coactive/independent activities was not associated with parents' participation in coactive/independent activities(HR= 0.97; 95%CI=0.46-2.06).Conclusion: Longitudinal associations between parents' and youth's participation in PA differed across type of PA. Encouraging parents' participation in interdependent activities may promote sustained participation in interdependent activities in youth.

关键词： Longitudinal maintenance Parental behavior Physical activity Sports Youth

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Structure-aware fusion network for 3D scene understanding

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2022年第5期35卷 194-203页

作者： Haibin YAN Yating LV Venice erin LIONG School of Automation Beijing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsBeijing 100876China Interdisciplinary Graduate School Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 639798Singapore

In this paper,we propose a Structure-Aware Fusion Network(SAFNet)for 3D scene *** 2D images present more detailed information while 3D point clouds convey more geometric information,fusing the two complementary data can improve the discriminative ability of the *** is a very challenging task since 2D and 3D data are essentially different and show different *** existing methods first extract 2D multi-view image features and then aggregate them into sparse 3D point clouds and achieve superior ***,the existing methods ignore the structural relations between pixels and point clouds and directly fuse the two modals of data without *** address this,we propose a structural deep metric learning method on pixels and points to explore the relations and further utilize them to adaptively map the images and point clouds into a common canonical space for *** experiments on the widely used ScanNetV2 and S3DIS datasets verify the performance of the proposed SAFNet.

关键词： 3D point clouds Data fusion Structure-aware 3D scene understanding Deep metric learning

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Current and emerging therapies in unresectable and recurrent gastric cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第20期22卷 4812-4823页

作者： erin Jou Lakshmi Rajdev Department of Oncology Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine

Gastric cancer is one of the most lethal cancers worldwide despite many advances and options in therapy. As it is often diagnosed at an advanced stage, prognosis is poor with a median overall survival of less than twelve months. Chemotherapy remains the mainstay of treatment for these patients but it confersonly a moderate survival advantage. There remains a need for new targeted treatment options and a way to better define patient populations who will benefit from these agents. In the past few years, there has been a better understanding of the biology, molecular profiling, and heterogeneity of gastric cancer. Our increased knowledge has led to the identification of gastric cancer subtypes and to the development of new targeted therapeutic agents. There are now two new targeted agents, trastuzumab and ramucirumab, that have recently been approved for the treatment of advanced and metastatic gastric cancer. There are also many other actively investigated targets, including epidermal growth factor receptor, the phosphatadylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway, c-Met, poly ADP-ribose polymerase, and immune checkpoint inhibition. In this review, we discuss the current management of advanced gastric cancer as well as emerging targeted therapies and immunotherapy.

关键词： Advanced gastric cancer Immunotherapy Human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 Targeted therapy Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor

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Factors affecting healing after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2015年第2期6卷 211-220页

作者： Amir M Abtahi erin k Granger Robert Z Tashjian Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Utah

Rotator cuff repair has been shown to have good longterm results. Unfortunately, a significant proportion of repairs still fail to heal. many factors, both patient and surgeon related, can influence healing after repair. Older age, larger tear size, worse muscle quality, greater muscle-tendon unit retraction, smoking, osteoporosis, diabetes and hypercholesterolemia have all shown to negatively influence tendon healing. Surgeon related factors that can influence healing include repair construct-single vs double row, rehabilitation, and biologics including platelet rich plasma and mesenchymalstem cells. Double-row repairs are biomechanically stronger and have better healing rates compared with single-row repairs although clinical outcomes are equivalent between both constructs. Slower, less aggressive rehabilitation programs have demonstrated improved healing with no negative effect on final range of motion and are therefore recommended after repair of most full thickness tears. Additionally no definitive evidence supports the use of platelet rich plasma or mesenchymal stem cells regarding improvement of healing rates and clinical outcomes. Further research is needed to identify effective biologically directed augmentations that will improve healing rates and clinical outcomes after rotator cuff repair.

关键词： Shoulder Repair Healing Tendon Rotator cuff tear

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Impact of alcohol on hepatitis C virus replication and interferon signaling

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第11期16卷 1337-1343页

作者： erin M Mccartney Michael R Beard Centre for cancer Biology Hanson Centre School of Molecular and Biomedical Science University of Adelaide

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is one of the main etiological factors responsible for liver disease worldwide. It has been estimated that there are over 170 million people infected with HCV worldwide. Of these infected individuals, approximately 75% will go on to develop a life long necroinflammatory liver disease, which over decades, can result in serious complications, such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Currently there is no effective vaccine and whilst antiviral therapies have been improved, they are still only effective in approximately 50% of individuals. HCV infection stands as a major cause of global morbidity and suffering, and places a signifi cant burden on health systems. The second highest cause of liver disease in the western world is alcoholic liver disease. Frequently, HCV infected individuals consume alcohol, and the combined effect of HCV and alcohol consumption is deleterious for both liver disease and response to treatment. This review discusses the impact of alcohol metabolism on HCV replication and the negative impact on interferon (IFN)-α treatment, with a particular focus on how alcohol and HCV act synergistically to increase oxidative stress, ultimately leading to exacerbated liver disease and a reduction in the effi cacy of IFN-α treatment. A better understanding of the complicated mechanisms at play in hepatocytes infected with HCV and metabo- lizing alcohol will hopefully provide better treatment options for chronic hepatitis C individuals that consume alcohol.

关键词： Alcohol metabolism Hepatitis C virus Reactive oxygen species Interferon signaling

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Metabolic reprogramming of glial cells as a new target for central nervous system axon regeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第5期17卷 997-998页

作者： erin L.Walden Shuxin Li Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center Department of Neural SciencesLewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple UniversityPhiladelphiaPAUSA

After central nervous system(CNS)injury,severed axons fail to regenerate and their disconnections to the original targets result in permanent functional deficits in patients(mahar and cavalli,2018).Both the diminished intrinsic regenerative capacity of mature neurons and the inhibitory CNS milieu contribute to the regenerative failure following CNS injury.

关键词： programming system permanent

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Focal seizure associated with human parvovirus B19 infection in a non-encephalopathic child

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2016年第1期12卷 118-120页

作者： Debopam Samanta erin Willis Division of Child Neurology University of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockArkansasUSA

Background:The incidence of acute symptomatic(at the time of documented brain insult)seizures and single unprovoked seizures are 29-39 and 23-61 per 100000 per year,*** stabilization of the patient,fi nding the etiology of the seizure is of paramount importance.A careful history and physical examination may allow a diagnosis without need for further ***:In the literature,severe central nervous system involvement has been reported from human parvovirus B19 *** reported a previously healthy 7-year-old girl who presented after an episode of focal *** was afebrile and didn't have any focal neurological *** had erythematous malar rash along with reticulating pattern of rash over her both upper ***:Parvovirus infection was suspected due to the characteristic erythematous malar *** human parvovirus B19 DNA polymerase chain reaction was positive which was consistent with acute parvovirus *** confirmation of current infection was done with Sandwich enzyme immunoassays showing positive anti-B19 IgM Index(>1.1).IgG index was equivocal(0.9-1.1).Conclusions:We report an extremely rare presentation of non-febrile seizure from acute parvovirus infection in a child without encephalopathy who had an excellent *** diagnosis can provide counselling regarding future seizure recurrence risk,curtail expenditure from expensive diagnostic work up and provide additional recommendations about potential risks to a pregnant caregiver.

关键词： erythema infectiosum human parvovirus B19 nonfebrile seizure

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