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The influence of the crystalline nature of nano-metal oxides on their antibacterial and toxicity properties

Nano Research 2015年第2期8卷 695-707页

作者： liana Perelshtein Anat Lipovsky Nina Perkas Aharon Gedanken elisa Moschini Paride Mantecca Department of Chemistry and Kanbar Laboratory for Nanomaterials Bar-Ilan University Center for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology Ramat-Gan 52900 Israel Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences Particulate Matter an Health Risk (POLARIS) Research Centre University of Milano Bicocca Milano 20126 Italy

The antibacterial properties of nano-metal oxides （ZnO, CuO） are based on the formation of reactive oxygen species （ROS）. This work reveals that the antibacterial properties of these nano-metal oxides are strongly dependent on their crystalline structure. The antibacterial activity of the nanooxides was tested against four types of bacteria that commonly cause nosocomial infections. The sonochemical method was applied not only for synthesis of nanooxides but also to their coating on textiles. The antibacterial properties of textiles coated with commercial and sonochemically prepared nano-metal oxides were evaluated and compared. The toxicity was evaluated on human lung cells and amphibian embryos, as representative models for inhalation and aquatic toxicology. The sonochemically prepared metal nanooxides are better antimicrobials than commercially available metal oxides with the same particle size range. It was found that the crystallites which have more defects and less organized structure are more toxic. The formation of ROS was studied by electron spin resonance （ESR） measurements for both the sonochemically prepared and commercial samples of ZnO/CuO nanoparticles. A significant increase in the production of radical species was found in the more defective, sonochemically prepared samples, as compared to the commercial ones. Since modulation of the nanoparticle defects influenced their toxicity, the possibility of engineering safer nano-antibacterials is indicated.

关键词： CuO ZnO nanoparticles antibacterial activity reactive oxygen species(ROS) cytotoxicity lung cells

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Evaluation of habitat requirements of small rodents and effectiveness of an ecologically-based management in a hantavirus-endemic natural protected area in Argentina

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Integrative Zoology 2017年第1期12卷 77-94页

作者： María Victoria VADELL Francisco GARCÍA ERIZE Isabel elisa GÓMEZ VILLAFAÑE Department of Ecology Genetics and Evolution.Institute of EcologyGenetics and Evolution(IEGEBA-CONICET).University of Buenos AiresBuenos AiresArgentina Institute of Research and Environmental Engineering(3iA).University of San Martín San MartínBuenos AiresArgentina

Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome is a severe cardio pulmonary disease transmitted to humans by sylvan rodents found in natural and rural *** transmission is closely linked to the ecology of animal reservoirs and abiotic factors such as habitat characteristics,season or climatic *** main goals of this research were:to determine the biotic and abiotic factors affecting richness and abundance of rodent species at different spatial scales,to evaluate different methodologies for studying population of small rodents,and to describe and analyze an ecologically-based rodent management experience in a highly touristic area.A 4-year study of small rodent ecology was conducted between April 2007 and August 2011 in the most relevant habitats of El Palmar National Park,*** involved a wide range of control and prevention measures,including poisoning,culling and habitat modification.A total of 172 individuals of 5 species were captured with a trapping effort of 13860 traps-nights(1.24 individuals/100 traps-nights).Five rodent species were captured,including 2 hantavirus-host species,Oligoryzomys nigripes and Akodon *** nigripes,host of a hantavirus that is pathogenic in humans,was the most abundant species and the only one found in all the studied *** results are inconsistent with the dilution effect *** present study demonstrates that sylvan rodent species,including the hantavirus-host species,have distinct local habitat selection and temporal variation patterns in abundance,which may influence the risk of human exposure to hantavirus and may have practical implications for disease transmission as well as for reservoir management.

关键词： abundance disease prevention habitat use population dynamics zoonosis

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Induced pluripotent stem cells as suitable sensors for fibromyalgia and myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2021年第8期13卷 1134-1150页

作者： María B Monzón-Nomdedeu Karl J Morten elisa Oltra School of Biotechnology Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente MártirValencia 46001Spain Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health The Women CentreUniversity of OxfordOxford OX39DUUnited Kingdom Department of Pathology Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente MártirValencia 46001Spain Centro de Investigación Traslacional San Alberto Magno Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente MártirValencia 46001Spain

BACKGROUND Fibromyalgia(FM)and myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome(ME/CFS)are devastating metabolic neuroimmune diseases that are difficult to diagnose because of the presence of numerous symptoms and a lack of specific *** patient heterogeneity linked to patient subgroups and variation in disease severity,anomalies are found in the blood and plasma of these patients when compared with healthy control *** seeming specificity of these“plasma factors”,as recently reported by Ron Davis and his group at Stanford University,CA,United States,and observations by our group,have led to the proposal that induced pluripotent stem cells(iPSCs)may be used as metabolic sensors for FM and ME/CFS,a hypothesis that is the basis for this indepth *** To identify metabolic signatures in FM and/or ME/CFS supporting the existence of disease-associated plasma factors to be sensed by *** A PRISMA(Preferred Reported Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis)-based systematic review of the literature was used to select original studies evaluating the metabolite profiles of FM and ME/CFS body *** MeSH terms“metabolomic”or“metabolites”in combination with FM and ME/CFS disease terms were screened against the PubMed *** original studies applying omics technologies,published in English,were *** data obtained were tabulated according to the disease and type of body fluid *** across studies were searched and P-values reported by the original studies were gathered to document significant differences found in the disease *** Eighteen previous studies show that some metabolites are commonly altered in ME/CFS and FM body *** vitro cell-based assays have the potential to be developed as screening platforms,providing evidence for the existence of factors in patient body fluids capable of altering morphology,differentiation state and/or growth ***,they can be further develo

关键词： Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome Fibromyalgia Induced pluripotent stem cells Plasma factor Conditioned medium Sensor system

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Alpine tundra species phenology is mostly driven by climate-related variables rather than by photoperiod

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Journal of Mountain Science 2020年第9期17卷 2081-2096页

作者： QUAGLIA Elena RAVETTO ENRI Simone PEROTTI elisa PROBO Massimiliano LOMBARDI Giampiero LONATI Michele Department of Agricultural Forest and Food SciencesUniversity of TorinoLargo Paolo Braccini 210095Grugliasco(To)Italy Grazing Systems AgroscopeRoute de Duillier 501260NyonSwitzerland

The study of plant phenology has frequently been used to link phenological events to various factors,such as temperature or *** the high-alpine environment,proper timing of the phenological cycle has always been crucial to overcome harsh conditions and potential extreme events(*** frosts)but little is known about the response dynamics of the vegetation,which could shape the alpine landscape in a future of changing *** tundra vegetation is composed by an array of species belonging to different phytosociological optima and with various survival strategies,and snowbed communities are a relevant expression of such an extreme-climate adapted *** set eight permanent plots with each one in a snowbed located on the Cimalegna plateau in Northwestern Italy and then we selected 10 most recurring species among our plots,all typical of the alpine tundra environment and classified in 3different pools:snowbed specialists,grassland species and rocky debris *** 3 years we registered the phenophases of each species during the whole growing season using an adaptation of the BBCH *** later focused on the three most biologically relevant phenophases,i.e.,flower buds visible,full flowering,and beginning of seed *** important season-related variables were chosen to investigate their relationship with the phenological cycle of the studied species:(i)the Day Of Year(DOY),the progressive number of days starting from the 1 st of January,used as a proxy of photoperiod,(ii)Days From Snow Melt(DFSM),selected to include the relevance of the snow dynamics,and(iii)Growing Degree Days(GDD),computed as a thermal *** analysis highlighted that phenological development correlated better with DFSM and GDD than with ***,models showed that DOY was always a worse predictor since it failed to overcome interannual variations,while DFSM and marginally GDD were better suited to predict the phenological development of most of the species,desp

关键词： Alpine plants Climate change Growing degree days Italian Alps Salix herbacea Snowbed vegetation

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Contrasting responses of native and alien plant species to soil properties shed new light on the invasion of dune systems

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2020年第6期13卷 667-675页

作者： Stefano Vitti elisa Pellegrini Valentino Casolo Giacomo Trotta Francesco Boscutti Department of Life Sciences University of TriesteVia L.Giorgieri 1034127 TriesteItaly Department of Agricultural FoodEnvironmental and Animal SciencesUniversity of Udinevia delle Scienze 91Udine 33100Italy Department of Biology University of CopenhagenUniversitetsparken 42100 KøbenhavnØDenmark

Aims Among terrestrial ecosystems,coastal sandy dunes are particularly prone to alien plant *** studies related the invasion of dune habitats to anthropic causes,but less is known about the role of soil properties and plant traits in plant *** this study,we tested the relationships between soil features and alien plant invasion in dune systems,focusing on the interplay between soil nutrients,soil salinity and plant functional *** Study sites were sandy barrier islands of the Marano and Grado lagoon(northern Adriatic Sea).One hundred plots(4 m×4 m)were selected within 10 areas according to the main habitats occurring along the ecological gradient of dune system(foredune,backdune and saltmarsh).In each plot,we recorded all plant species occurrence and abundance and we collected a soil *** each soil sample,soil texture,conductivity(as proxy of soil salinity),organic carbon and nitrogen content were analyzed and related to the species number and cover of native and alien *** of main reproductive and vegetative functional traits among habitats was also analyzed for both alien and native *** Findings Soil properties were strongly related to overall plant diversity,by differently affecting alien and native species *** backdune,the most invaded habitat,a high soil conductivity limited the number of alien species,whereas the content of soil organic carbon increased along with alien plant abundance,suggesting also the occurrence of potential feedback processes between plant invasion and *** found a significant convergence between native and alien plant functional trait spectra only in backdune habitat,where environmental conditions ameliorate and plant competition *** findings suggest that in harsh conditions only native specialized plants can thrive while at intermediate conditions,soil properties gradient acts in synergy with plant traits to curb/facilitate alien plant richness.

关键词： invasive alien species functional traits soil nutrients plant communities dune system

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Comparison of 2D and 4D Flow MRI Measurements for Hemodynamic Evaluation of the Fontan Palliation

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Congenital Heart Disease 2023年第6期18卷 627-638页

作者： elisa Listo Nicola Martini Stefano Salvadori elisa Valenti Nicola Stagnaro Gianluca Trocchio Chiara Marrone Alberto Clemente Francesca Raimondi Pierluigi Festa Lamia Ait Ali Department of Radiology IRCCS Istituto Giannina GasliniGenovaItaly U.O.C.Bioingegneria Gabriele Monasterio CNR-Tuscany FoundationPisaItaly Institute of Clinical Physiology CNR PisaItaly Cardiology Unit IRCCS Istituto Giannina GasliniGenovaItaly Pediatric Cardiology and GUCH Unit Massa Gabriele Monasterio CNR-Tuscany FoundationMassaItaly Gabriele Monasterio CNR-Tuscany Foundation PisaItaly Department of Cardiology Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria MeyerFlorenceItaly Institute of Clinical Physiology CNR MassaItaly

Background:The assessment of Fontan circuit’sﬂow is traditionally evaluated by multiple through-plane phase-contrast MRI acquisitions(2Dﬂow),while recently,a single volumetric 4D-ﬂow MRI acquisition is emerging as a comprehensive tool for the hemodynamic evaluation in congenital heart ***:To compare 2D and 4D-ﬂow MRI measurements in patients after Fontan palliation and to evaluate parameters affecting potential ***:39 patients after Fontan palliation(23 males,age 22±11 years)who underwent cardiac MRI with 2D and 4D-ﬂow MRI acquisition were included in the *** all patients,bloodﬂow quantiﬁcation in the Fontan circuit and aorta by 2Dﬂow and by 4Dﬂow MRI acquisition blinding to the 2D results was *** agreement between 2D and 4D-ﬂow MRI was calculated as the intraclass correlation coefﬁcient(ICC).The mean absolute differences between 4D and 2Dﬂows were analyzed using linear regression ***:4D-ﬂow MRI acquisition time was slightly lower than 2D(7.6±1.8 min vs.9.4±3.3 min,p=0.03).Flow was slightly predominant in the right pulmonary artery(58%of total pulmonaryﬂow).Conduit/tunnel-pul-monary arteriesﬂow accounted for 60%of the Fontan *** between 2D and 4D was overall good-to-excellent from ICC:0.81795%CI:0.637–0.907 to 0.93295%CI:0.866–*** was no signiﬁcant inﬂu-ence of evaluated parameters on the agreement on 4D and 2Dﬂ***:4D-ﬂow MRI represents a valid tool in Fontan’sﬂow quantiﬁ*** larger studies are needed to conﬁrm our results and to evaluate the impact of advanced 4D-ﬂow MRI parameters on the prognostic stratiﬁcation in patients after Fontan palliation.

关键词： Fontan palliation fontanﬂows 4Dﬂow MRI 2Dﬂow MRI cardiac magnetic resonance

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Assay of ghrelin concentration in infant formulas and breast milk

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第15期17卷 1971-1975页

作者： Francesco Savino elisa Petrucci Maria Maddalena Lupica Giuliana Eva Nanni Roberto Oggero Department of Pediatrics "Regina Margherita" Children's Hospital Piazza Polonia 94-10126 Turin Italy

AIM: To test if total ghrelin is present in infant formulas. METHODS: Using a radioimmunoassay, we measured total ghrelin concentrations in 19 samples of commercial infant formulas and in 20 samples of human milk. We also determined ghrelin concentration in the serum of infants and lactating mothers. RESULTS: Ghrelin concentrations were significantly higher in artificial milk (2007.1 ± 1725.36 pg/mL) than in human milk (828.17 ± 323.32 pg/mL) (P = 0.005). The mean ghrelin concentration in infant serum (n = 56) was 1115.86 ± 42.89 pg/mL, and was significantly higher (P = 0.023) in formula-fed infants (1247.93 ± 328.07 pg/mL) than in breast-fed infants (1045.7 ± 263.38 pg/mL). The mean serum ghrelin concentration (mean ± SD) in lactating mothers (n = 20) was 1319.18 ± 140.18 pg/mL. CONCLUSION: This study provides evidence that total ghrelin is present in infant formulas. This findingraises diverse questions regarding the uptake, absorption and metabolic effects of this hormone.

关键词： Breast feeding Ghrelin Human milk Infants Infant formulas

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Grazing Management Plans improve pasture selection by cattle and forage quality in sub-alpine and alpine grasslands

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Journal of Mountain Science 2019年第9期16卷 2126-2135页

作者： Marco PITTARELLO Massimiliano PROBO elisa PEROTTI Michele LONATI Giampiero LOMBARDI Simone RAVETTO ENRI Department of Agricultural Forest and Food Sciences University of Torino Grugliasco Italy Agroscope Grazing Systems 1260 Nyon 1 Switzerland

Over the last decades, the reduction of manpower for herd management has led to an increase of continuous grazing systems(CGS) in the Italian Alps, which allow cattle to roam freely. Under CGS, due to high selectivity, livestock exploit grasslands unevenly, over-and under-using specific areas at the same time with negative effects on their conservation. To counteract these effects, a specific policy and management tool(i.e. Grazing Management Plan) has been implemented by Piedmont Region since 2010. The Grazing Management Plans are based on the implementation of rotational grazing systems(RGS), with animal stocking rate adjusted to balance it with grassland carrying capacity. A case study was conducted on alpine summer pastures to test the 5-year effects produced by the implementation of a Grazing Management Plan in grasslands formerly managed under several years of CGS on 1) the selection for different vegetation communities by cattle, 2) the abundance of oligo-, meso-, and eutrophic plant species(defined according to Landolt N indicator value), and 3) forage yield, quality, and palatability. A total of 193 vegetation surveys were carried out in 2011 and repeated in 2016. Cows were tracked yearly with Global Positioning System collars to assess their grazing selectivity, and forage Pastoral Value(PV) was computed to evaluate forage yield, quality, and palatability. Five years after RGS implementation, cow selectivity significantly decreased and the preference for the different vegetation communities was more balanced than under CGS. The abundance of meso-and eutrophic species increased, whereas oligotrophic ones decreased. Moreover, the abundance of moderately to highly palatable plant species increased, whereas non-palatable plant species decreased, with a consequent significant enhancement of the PV. Our findings indicate that the implementation of Grazing Management Plans can be considered a sustainable and effective management tool for improving pasture selecti

关键词： Mountain GPS tracking Agricultural policies Livestock Pastoral Value Vegetation community

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Powder metallurgy with space holder for porous titanium implants:A review

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2021年第17期76卷 129-149页

作者： Alejandra Rodriguez-Contreras Miquel Punset JoséA.Calero Francisco Javier Gil elisa Ruperez JoséMaría Manero Biomaterials Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group(BBT)Department of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversitat Politecnica de Catalunya(UPC)Av.Edurad Maristany 1608019BarcelonaSpain Barcelona Research Centre in Multiscale Science and Engineering Technical University of Catalonia(UPC)Av.Eduard Maristany 10-1408019BarcelonaSpain UPC Innovation and Technology Center(CIT-UPC).Technical University of Catalonia(UPC) C.Jordi Girona 3-108034Barcelona.Spain AMES GROUP SA.Carretera Nacional 340 Pol.Ind."Les Fallulles"08620Sant Vicenc dels HortsBarcelonaSpain Bioengineering Institute for Technology Universitat Intemacional de Catalunyac/Josep Trueta s/n08195BarcelonaSpain

One of the biggest challenges in the biocompatibility of implantable metals is the prevention of the stress shielding effect,which is related to the coupling of the bone-metal mechanical *** stress shielding phenomenon provokes bone resorption and the consequent adverse effects on prosthesis ***,it can be inhibited by adapting the stiffness of the implant *** the use of titanium(Ti)porous structures is a great alternative not only to inhibit this effect but also to improve the osteointegration of orthopedic and dental implants,a brief description of the techniques used for their manufacturing and a review of the current commercialized implants produced from porous Ti assemblies are compiled in this *** powder metallurgy(PM)with space holder(SH)is a powerful technology used to produce porous Ti structures,it is here discussed its potential for the fabrication of medical devices from the perspectives of both design and *** most important parameters of the technique such as the size and shape of the initial metallic particles,the SH and binder type of materials,the compaction pressure of the green form,and in the sintering stage,the temperature,atmosphere,and time are reviewed according to the bibliography ***,the importance of the porosity and its types together with the influence of the mentioned parameters in the final porosity and,consequently,in the ultimate mechanical properties of the structure are ***,a few examples of the PM-SH application for the manufacturing of orthopedic implants are presented.

关键词： Powder metallurgy Space holder method Porous titanium structures Medical devices Stress shielding effect Porous materials permeability Interconnected porosity Porous bone substitute materials Open-cell titanium foams Sintering-dissolution technique

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Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in the etiology of Crohn's disease, cause or epiphenomenon?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第36期20卷 13060-13070页

作者： elisa Liverani Eleonora Scaioli Carla Cardamone Paola Dal Monte Andrea Belluzzi Gastroenterology Division Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences Sant’Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital 40138 Bologna Italy Diagnostic and Speciality Medicine Department of Experimental Microbiology Unit Sant’Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital 40138 Bologna Italy

The origin of inflammatory bowel disease is unknown. Attempts have been made to isolate a microorganism that could explain the onset of inflammation, but no pathological agent has ever been identified. Johne’s disease is a granulomatous chronic enteritis of cattle and sheep caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) and shows some analogies with Crohn’s disease (CD). Several studies have tried to clarify if MAP has a role in the etiology of CD. The present article provides an overview of the evidence in favor and against the “MAP-hypothesis”, analyzing the methods commonly adopted to detect MAP and the role of antimycobacterial therapy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Studies were identified through the electronic database, MEDLINE, and were selected based on their relevance to the objective of the review. The presence of MAP was investigated using multiple diagnostic methods for MAP detection and in different tissue samples from patients affected by CD or ulcerative colitis and in healthy controls. On the basis of their studies, several authors support a close relationship between MAP and CD. Although increasing evidence of MAP detection in CD patients is unquestionable, a clear etiological link still needs to be proven.

关键词： Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis Crohn’ s disease Inflammatory bowel disease Johne’ s disease Mycobacterial protein tyrosine phosphatase

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