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Nanotechnological approaches for counteracting multidrug resistance in cancer

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Cancer Drug Resistance 2020年第4期3卷 1003-1020页

作者： Chiara martinelli Marco Biglietti Independent Researcher Como 22100Italy Independent Researcher Milan 20148Italy

Every year,cancer accounts for a vast portion of deaths *** clinical protocols are based on chemotherapy,which,however,is not tumor-selective and produces a series of unbearable side effects in healthy *** a consequence,multidrug resistance(MDR)can arise causing metastatic progression and disease *** therapy has demonstrated limited responses in the treatment of MDR,mainly due to the different pharmacokinetic properties of administered drugs and to tumor heterogeneity,challenges that still need to be solved in a significant percentage of cancer *** this perspective,we briefly discuss the most relevant MDR mechanisms leading to therapy failure and we report the most advanced strategies adopted in the nanomedicine field for the design and evaluation of ad hoc *** present some emerging classes of nanocarriers developed to reverse MDR and discuss recent progress evidencing their limits and promises.

关键词： Multidrug resistance cancer nanotechnology nanomedicine nanocarriers targeted delivery

Validation of material point method for soil fluidisation analysis

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2017年第3期29卷 431-437页

作者： Marco Bolognin Mario martinelli Klaas J.Bakker Sebastiaan N.Jonkman Delft University of Technology DelftThe Netherlands Deltares DelftThe Netherlands

The main aim of this paper is to describe and analyse the modelling of vertical column tests that undergo fluidisation by the application of a hydraulic gradient.A recent advancement of the material point method（MPM）,allows studying both stationary and non-stationary fluid flow while interacting with the solid *** fluidisation initiation and post-fluidisation processes of the soil will be investigated with an advanced MPM formulation（Double Point）in which the behavior of the solid and the liquid phase is evaluated separately,assigning to each of them a set of material points（MPs）.The result of these simulations are compared to analytic solutions and measurements from laboratory *** work is used as a benchmark test for the MPM double point formulation in the Anura3D software and to verify the feasibility of the software for possible future engineering applications.

关键词： Material point method fluidization liquefaction

Feasibility study of tar sands conditioning for earth pressure balance tunnelling

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2015年第6期7卷 684-690页

作者： D.martinelli D.Peila E.Campa DIATI-Politecnico di Torino Astaldi SpA

This paper presents the results of laboratory test on the feasibility of soil conditioning for earth pressurebalance （EPB） excavation in a tar sand, which is a natural material never studied in this respect. Thelaboratory test performed is based on a procedure and methods used in previous studies with differenttypes of soils, but for this special complex material, additional tests are also conducted to verify particularproperties of the tar sands, such as the tilt test and vane shear test usually used in cohesive materials, anda direct shear test. The laboratory test proves that the test procedure is applicable also to this type of soiland the conditioned material can be considered suitable for EPB excavations, although it is necessary touse a certain percentage of fine elements （filler） to create a material suitable to be mixed with foam. Thetest results show that the conditioned material fulfils the required standard for an EPB application.

关键词： Tunnelling Earth pressure balance(EPB) Soil conditioning Tar sands Laboratory test

The landscape of cognitive impairment in superoxide dismutase 1-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第7期18卷 1427-1433页

作者： Ilaria martinelli elisabetta Zucchi Cecilia Simonini Giulia Gianferrari Giovanna Zamboni Marcello Pinti Jessica Mandrioli Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program University of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModenaItaly Department of Neurosciences Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di ModenaModenaItaly Department of Biomedical Metabolic and Neural SciencesUniversity of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModenaItaly Department of Life Sciences University of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModenaItaly

Although mutations in the superoxide dismutase 1 gene account for only a minority of total amyotrophic lateral sclerosis cases,the discovery of this gene has been crucial for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis *** the identification of superoxide dismutase 1 in 1993,the field of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis genetics has considerably widened,improving our understanding of the diverse pathogenic basis of amyotrophic lateral *** this review,we focus on cognitive impairment in superoxide dismutase 1-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis *** has mostly reported that cognition remains intact in superoxide dismutase 1-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients,but recent reports highlight frontal lobe function frailty in patients carrying different superoxide dismutase 1-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis *** thoroughly reviewed all the various mutations reported in the literature to contribute to a comprehensive database of superoxide dismutase 1-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis genotype-phenotype *** a resource could ultimately improve our mechanistic understanding of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,enabling a more robust assessment of how the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis phenotype responds to different variants across genes,which is important for the therapeutic strategy targeting genetic *** in superoxide dismutase 1-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis deserves further longitudinal research since this peculiar frailty in patients with similar mutations can be conditioned by external factors,including environment and other unidentified agents including modifier genes.

关键词： amyotrophic lateral sclerosis cognitive impairment genotype-phenotype correlation superoxide dismutase 1

Soil conditioning tests of clay for EPB tunnelling

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Underground Space 2022年第4期7卷 483-497页

作者： C.Todaro A.Carigi L.Peila D.martinelli D.Peila DIATI Polytechnic University of TurinItaly IGG CNRItaly

Tunnelling with earth pressure balance-tunnel boring machine(EPB-TBM)in clayey soil requires a careful conditioning to reduce the effect of clogging and *** the last decade,many researches have been carried out to understand how to reduce these negative behaviors using conditioning agents,and different laboratory test procedures have been proposed using both powdered clay and clay chips to quantify and assess the effect of conditioning in terms of reduction of clogging and *** this paper a review of the various proposed tests is ***,it can be seen that no unified assessment method on the soil conditioning is available and therefore the designers do not have consistent data on which their choices are *** present research proposes a laboratory test methodology to study clay conditioning taking both the behavior of chips and powdered clay into *** proposed procedure has been applied on two different clays,and the test results are presented and discussed to show how the proposed methodology could be applied.

关键词： Tunnel EPB-TBM Soil conditioning Laboratory tests

Cardiac rehabilitation and mid-term follow-up after transcatheter aortic valve implantation

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2014年第4期11卷 279-285页

作者： Renzo Zanettini Gemma Gatto Ileana Mori Maria Beatrice Pozzoni Stefano Pelenghi Luigi martinelli Silvio Klugmann Cardiac Rehabilitation Centre Istituti Clinici di Perfezionamento Hospital via Bignami 1 20126 Milan Italy De Gasperis Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery Department Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital Piazza Ospedale Maggiore 3 20162 Milan Italy

Background Evaluation of patient outcomes following transcatheter aortic valve implantation （TAVI） has usually been based on survival and clinical improvement. Studies on quality of life are limited, and data from comprehensive assessments after the procedure are lacking. Methods Sixty patients referred for cardiac rehabilitation after TAVI underwent in-hospital and after-discharge multidimensional assessments to evaluate clinical, functional, and nutritional statuses, degree of autonomy, cognitive impairment, depression and quality of life. Results On admission to rehabilitation, approximately half of the patients had severe functional impairment and dependence for basic activities of daily living. During their hospital stay, one-third of the patients suffered significant clinical complications and two had to be transferred to the implantation center. Despite this, the overall outcome was very good. All of the remaining patients were clinically stable at discharge and functional status, autonomy and quality of life were improved in most. During a mean follow-up of 540 days （range： 192-738 days）, five patients died from noncardiac causes, three were hospitalized for cardiac events, and nine for non cardiac reasons. Functional status and autonomy remained satisfactory in the majority of patients and most continued to live independently. Conclusions Patients referred for rehabilitation after TAVI are often very frail, with a high grade of functional impairment, dependence on others and high risk of clinical complications. During a rehabilitation programme, based on a multidimensional assessment and intervention, most patients showed significant improvement in functional status, quality of life, and autonomy, which remained stable in the majority of subjects during mid-term follow-up.

关键词： Cardiac rehabilitation Comprehensive assessment Follow-up Transcatheter aortic valve implantation

Some Neglected Causes of the Global Financial Crisis and Their Implications for Effective Crisis Governance

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Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences 2013年第3期6卷 103-136页

作者： Alberto martinelli

The essay analyzes in a sociological and political science perspective several key aspects of the global economic-financial crisis which have either been neglected or not sufficiently analyzed in most scientific and media accounts. It focuses on two basic aspects： a） the coguitive framework prevailing among U. S. corporate, governmental and intellectual elites, i.e. the neodiberal conception of the self-regulating market, which deeply influenced their behaviour both in the market and in the political arena and b ） the mechanisms of pressure politics and political lobbying in the US Congress that managed to influence key decisions concerning de-regulation policy, in so far as to weaken the existing systems of institutional controls and to prevent new rules for new financial products. The last section evaluates President Obama＇s economic strategy and regulation policy in the light of the two basic aspects analysed in the first two sections, i.e. the action of lobbies and the influence of mainstream neo-hberal economics. The aim of the essay is to integrate the economic literature with a sociological and political analysis in order to gain clearer knowledge of the complex mechanisms of the crisis, which in turn can contribute to identifying key obstacles in implementing pohcies aimed at enforcing new forms of regulation of global markets.

关键词： global economic-financial crisis pressure pofitics for de-regulation new forms of regulation of global markets Obama's economic policy

An Utilitarianist Reading of Criminal Law

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Sociology Study 2014年第4期4卷 348-359页

作者： Joao Paulo Orsini martinelli Fluminense Federal University Rio de Janeiro Brazil

Utilitarianism is the branch of philosophy that studies the usefulness of an idea. Among the possible gains and losses, the balance must be positive to reach the intended utility. Criminal law is the most repressive branch of legal system and therefore should be applied sparingly by the state. Its usefulness should be the protection of legal interests and minimal restriction of personal liberty. The lawmaker should seek the best way to achieve this utility with the choice of the most relevant legal interests and less repressive means before appealing to the criminal law. The legal interests protected by criminal law must be the most important ones for a social life in harmony and prohibited behaviors must be injurious or dangerous to those legal interests. The Rule of Law does not authorize criminal prohibitions without a minimum limit that allows citizens to behave according to their wishes, provided that does not harm the interests of other people. This is the calculation that legislator, judge, and interpreter should seek： more protection and less restriction to citizens.

关键词： Utilitarianism legal interests personal liberty proportionality

Earthquake geochemical scientific expedition and research

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Earthquake Research Advances 2023年第4期3卷 58-64页

作者： Chang Lu Xiaocheng Zhou Zhi Chen Zhaofei Liu Le Hu Fengxia Sun Giovanni martinelli Ying Li Key Laboratory of Earthquake Prediction Institute of Earthquake ForecastingChina Earthquake AdministrationBeijing100036China State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources School of Earth Science and ResourcesChina University of Geosciences(Beijing)Beijing100083China INGV-National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology Dept.of Palermo Palermo90146Italy

Large earthquakes can cause both casualties and economic losses, but they also provide invaluable opportunities for earthquake scientific research. Geofluids, due to their wide distribution, sensitive response to underground conditions, and ease of observation, are widely applied in field investigations after earthquakes. Analyzing the origin of fluids, energy transfer processes, temperature/pressure conditions, and the spatial-temporal evolution of geofluids can provide valuable information concerning the mechanism of earthquake precursor anomalies, shortterm prediction methods, identification of the seismogenic faults, determination of earthquake risk, and the environmental impact of post-earthquake fluids. This article details post-earthquake scientific expeditions and research on fluid geochemistry in China and abroad, aimed at providing ideas and guidance for future scientific expedition work and geochemistry-related earthquake studies.

关键词： Geofluids Geochemistry Earthquake investigation