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Ex vivo response to mucosal bacteria and muramyl dipeptide in inflammatory bowel disease

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第44期22卷 9734-9743页

作者： Claudia Loganes Erica Valencic Alessia Pin elisa marini Stefano Martelossi Samuele Naviglio Luigina De Leo Tarcisio Not Lorenzo Monasta Alberto Tommasini Annalisa Marcuzzi Department of Medicine Surgery and Health Sciences University of Trieste Strada di Fiume Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo"

AIM To evaluate how mucosal bacteria impact on the spontaneous and muramyl dipeptide(MDP)-induced inflammation in Crohn's disease(CD) and ulcerative colitis(UC).METHODS Colonic mucosal biopsies were collected from children with active or remissive CD, UC and controls. Two tissue samples were taken from inflamed mucosal segments(in patients with active disease) or from noninflamed mucosa [in patients in remission or in healthy controls(HC)]. Experiments were performed in the presence or absence of antibiotics, to assess whether the disease-associated microbiota can modulate the cytokine response ex vivo. For this purpose, each specimen was half-cut to compare spontaneous and MDP-induced inflammation in the presence of live bacteria(LB) or antibiotics. After 24 h of culture, an array of 17 cytokines was assessed in supernatants. Statistical analyses were performed to find significant differences in single cytokines or in patterns of cytokine response in the different groups. RESULTS We demonstrated that subjects with CD display a spontaneous production of inflammatory cytokines including granulocyte-colony stimulating factor(G-CSF), interleukin(IL) 6, IL8, IL10 and IL12, that was not significantly influenced by the addition of antibiotics. UC specimens also displayed a trend of increased spontaneous secretion of several cytokines, which however was not significant due to broader variability among patients. After the addition of antibiotics, spontaneous IL8 secretion was significantly higher in UC than in controls. In HC, a trend towards the weakening of spontaneous IL8 production was observed in the presence of live mucosal bacteria with respect to the presence of antibiotics. In contrast, in the presence of LB UC showed an increasing trend of spontaneous IL8 production, while MDP stimulation resulted in lower IL8 production in the presence of antibiotics. We also showed that subjects with CD seem to have a lowered production of IL8 in response to MDP in the presence

关键词： Gut-microbiota Crohn’s disease Ulcerative colitis Cytokines Inflammation

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Kinetic Density Functional Theory: A Microscopic Approach to Fluid Mechanics

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2014年第10期61卷 596-606页

作者： Umberto marini Bettolo Marconi Simone Melchionna Scuola di Scienze e Tecnologie Università di CamerinoVia Madonna delle Carceri62032CamerinoINFN PerugiaItaly Istituto Processi Chimico-Fisici Consiglio Nazionale delle RicercheItaly

In the present paper we give a brief summary of some recent theoretical advances in the treatment of inhomogeneous fluids and methods which have applications in the study of dynamical properties of liquids in situations of extreme confinement, such as nanopores, nanodevices, etc. The approach obtained by combining kinetic and density functional methods is microscopic, fully self-consistent and allows to determine both configurational and flow properties of dense fluids. The theory predicts the correct hydrodynamic behavior and provides a practical and numerical tool to determine how the transport properties are modified when the length scales of the confining channels are comparable with the size of the molecules. The applications range from the dynamics of simple fluids under confinement, to that of neutral binary mixtures and electrolytes where the theory in the limit of slow gradients reproduces the known phenomenological equations such as the Planck–Nernst–Poisson and the Smolochowski equations. The approach here illustrated allows for fast numerical solution of the evolution equations for the one-particle phase-space distributions by means of the weighted density lattice Boltzmann method and is particularly useful when one considers flows in complex geometries.

关键词： Kinetic theory dynamical density functional theory electrokinetics

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Multi-family therapy for veteran and refugee families: a Delphi study

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Military Medical Research 2019年第1期6卷 39-44页

作者： elisa van Ee Psychotraumacentrum Zuid Nederland Behavioural Science Institute Radboud University

Background: Research indicates that Posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD) has an extensive impact on family relationships. Nevertheless, there is a dearth of empirically supported interventions addressing family functioning and PTSD. In the Netherlands, it is considered good clinical practice to offer multi-family therapy(MFT) to veteran and refugee families. MFT for traumatized families aims to address the dysfunctional family patterns that have evolved to address the consequences with ***: The aim of this study is to generate a common framework for the practical impact and active ingredients of MFT in families confronted with trauma. The Delphi method was used to study the expert opinion of 11 therapists in Dutch expert trauma ***: The results indicate that MFT is a promising treatment for families dealing with the consequences of trauma. According to experts, positive outcomes include an increased understanding between family members,particularly visible in the de-escalation of conflicts within the family, and improved parenting. One explanation for the effectiveness of MFT with these target groups is its defining feature of therapy with several ***: The findings support the importance of considering family relationships and the family context in interventions for traumatized individuals.

关键词： PTSD Veteran Refugee Multi-family therapy Parenting Expert opinion

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Increasing temperatures affect multiyear life cycle of the outbreak bush-cricket Barbitistes vicetinus(Orthoptera,Tettigoniidae)

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Insect Science 2023年第2期30卷 530-538页

作者： Giacomo Ortis Lorenzo marini Giacomo Cavaletto Luca Mazzon Department of Agronomy FoodNatural resourcesAnimals and Environment(DAFNAE)University of PaduaLegnaroItaly

Although outbreaks of rare species are unusual,several insect species have become emerging pests probably due to the ongoing environmental *** vicetinus was first described in 1993 as an endemic bush-cricket of north-east Italy and was considered rare until 2008,when it became an established pest,causing severe damages to forests and *** possible role of temperature in changing its life cycle has still to be fully ***,we explored the effect of summer temperature on egg diapause and the effect of winter temperature on egg *** observations showed that the proportion of embryos that can complete development at the end of summer ranged from zero to nearly 90% depending on summer temperatures.A substantial shift in the rate of development from 20% to nearly 80% occurred in a thermal range of about 1℃.On the contrary,overwinter egg survival was high and constant(90%)across a wide range of winter temperatures that go well beyond both the cold and warm thermal limits of the current species ***,the results suggest a potential key role of summer temperature warming on the outbreak propensity of this species that is able to switch from a multiyear to an annual life cycle with just a 1-2℃ warming.

关键词： climate change diapauses global warming overwinter survival pest pluriannualcycle

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Phase-matching-free parametric oscillators based on two-dimensional semiconductors

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Light(Science & Applications) 2018年第1期7卷 992-1000页

作者： Alessandro Ciattoni Andrea marini Carlo Rizza Claudio Conti Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche(CNR-SPIN) Via Vetoio 1067100 L’AquilaItaly Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences University of L’AquilaVia Vetoio 1067100 L’AquilaItaly Institute for Complex Systems(ISC-CNR) Via dei Taurini 1900185 RomeItaly ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology08860 CastelldefelsBarcelonaSpain Department of Industrial and Information Engineering and Economics University of L’AquilaVia G.Gronchi 18I-67100 L’AquilaItaly Department of Physics University SapienzaPiazzale Aldo Moro 500185 RomeItaly

Optical parametric oscillators are widely used as pulsed and continuous-wave tunable sources for innumerable applications,such as quantum technologies,imaging,and biophysics.A key drawback is material dispersion,which imposes a phase-matching condition that generally entails a complex design and setup,thus hindering tunability and *** we show that the burden of phase-matching is surprisingly absent in parametric microresonators utilizing mono-layer transition-metal dichalcogenides as quadratic nonlinear *** the exact solution of nonlinear Maxwell equations and first-principle calculations of the semiconductor nonlinear response,we devise a novel kind of phase-matching-free miniaturized parametric oscillator operating at conventional pump *** find that different two-dimensional semiconductors yield degenerate and non-degenerate emission at various spectral regions due to doubly resonant mode excitation,which can be tuned by varying the incidence angle of the external pump *** addition,we show that high-frequency electrical modulation can be achieved by doping via electrical gating,which can be used to efficiently shift the threshold for parametric *** results pave the way for the realization of novel ultra-fast tunable micron-sized sources of entangled photons—a key device underpinning any quantum *** miniaturized optical parametric oscillators may also be employed in lab-on-chip technologies for biophysics,detection of environmental pollution and security.

关键词： parametric matching degenerate

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Over-specialization versus synergy in neuroscience:professionals’integration is more than the sum of its parts

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第11期16卷 2232-2233页

作者： elisa Cainelli Luca Vedovelli Department of General Psychology University of PadovaPadovaItaly Unit of Biostatistics Epidemiology and Public HealthDepartment of CardiacThoracicVascular Sciencesand Public HealthUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly

Health care systems in industrialized countries are built around acute health problems(Etzwiler,1997).This approach is successful when the goal is to improve or overcome pathologies that result in severe health issues or *** the recent tremendous improvement of the treatments of life-threatening conditions,the clinical focus has moved from short term results to the overall expected quality of life and longterm ***,the new objectives imply to consider a multitude of interacting processes and *** fact,a complex interplay of biological systems(nervous,immune,and endocrine)works together in an integrated and synergistic way to deal with a constantly evolving environment,determining our physical,behavioral,and psychological/subjective *** interplay is the mechanism that allows us to adapt promptly and appropriately to circumstances,the key feature for successful living.

关键词： overcome synergistic determining

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How do stream processes affect hazard exposure on alluvial fans? Insights from an experimental study

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Journal of Mountain Science 2020年第4期17卷 753-772页

作者： Bruno MAZZORANA elisa GHIANDONI Lorenzo PICCO Universidad Austral de Chile Faculty of SciencesInstituto de Ciencias de la Tierra5090000 ValdiviaChile Universidad Austral de Chile RINA–Natural and Anthropogenic Risks Research Center5090000 ValdiviaChile Universidad Austral de Chile Laboratory of HydromorphologyFaculty of Forest Sciences and Natural Resources5090000 ValdiviaChile University of Padova Department of LandEnvironmentAgriculture and Forestry35020 LegnaroItaly

Alluvial fans are among the most privileged settlement areas in many mountain regions. These landforms are particularly dynamic being episodically affected by distributary processes generated by extreme flood events. Addressing risk assessment entails determining hazard exposure and unravelling how it might be related to process loading and to process dynamics once the flow becomes unconfined on the surface of alluvial fans. By following a ‘similarity of process concept’, rather than by attempting to scale a real-world prototype, we performed a set of 72 experimental runs on an alluvial fan model. Thereby, we considered two model layouts, one without a guiding channel and featuring a convex shape and the other one with a guiding channel, a bridge, and inclined but planar overland flow areas as to mirror an anthropic environment. Process magnitude and intensity parameters were systematically varied, and the associated biphasic distributary processes video recorded. For each experiment, the exposure was detected by mapping the exposed area in a GIS, thereby discerning between areas exposed to biphasic flows and the associated depositional phenomena or to the liquid flow phase only. Our results reveal that total event volume, sediment availability and stream power in the feeding channel, as well as depositional effects, avulsion, and channelization on the alluvial fan concur to determine the overall exposure. Stream process loading alone, even when rigorously defined in terms of its characterizing parameters, is not sufficient to exhaustively determine exposure. Hence, further developing reliable biphasic simulation models for hazard assessment on settled alluvial fans is pivotal.

关键词： Alluvial fan Hazard Exposure Flood risk Experimental model Process similarity

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Biomarkers for pancreatic cancer:Recent achievements in proteomics and genomics through classical and multivariate statistical methods

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第37期20卷 13325-13342页

作者： Emilio Marengo elisa Robotti Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation University of Piemonte Orientale

Pancreatic cancer(PC) is one of the most aggressive and lethal neoplastic diseases. A valid alternative to the usual invasive diagnostic tools would certainly be the determination of biomarkers in peripheral fluids to provide less invasive tools for early diagnosis. Nowadays, biomarkers are generally investigated mainly in peripheral blood and tissues through high-throughput omics techniques comparing control vs pathological samples. The results can be evaluated by two main strategies:(1) classical methods in which the identification of significant biomarkers is accomplished by monovariate statistical tests where each biomarker is considered as independent from the others; and(2) multivariate methods, taking into consideration the correlations existing among the biomarkers themselves. This last approach is very powerful since it allows the identification of pools of biomarkers with diagnostic and prognostic performances which are superior to single markers in terms of sensitivity, specificity and robustness. Multivariate techniques are usually applied with variable selection procedures to provide a restricted set of biomarkers with the best predictive ability; however, standard selection methods are usually aimed at the identification of the smallest set of variables with the best predictive ability and exhaustivity is usually neglected. The exhaustive search for biomarkers is instead an important alternative to standard variable selection since it can provide information about the etiology of the pathology by producing a comprehensive set of markers. In this review, the most recent applications of the omics techniques(proteomics, genomics and metabolomics) to the identification of exploratory biomarkers for PC will be presented with particular regard to the statistical methods adopted for their identification. The basic theory related to classical and multivariate methods for identification of biomarkers is presented and then, the most recent applications in this f

关键词： Pancreatic cancer Biomarker identification Multivariate analysis Principal component analysis Ranking principal component analysis

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Regulation mechanisms of endocrine disruptors on vasodilation andvasoconstriction: Insights from ex vivo models

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BIOCELL 2022年第6期46卷 1383-1389页

作者： MARGARIDA LORIGO elisa CAIRRAO CICS-UBI Health Sciences Research CentreUniversity of Beira InteriorCovilhã6200-506Portugal FCS-UBI Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Beira InteriorCovilhã6200-506Portugal

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The knowledge andunderstanding of CVD are based on the study of vascular physiology and how the smooth muscle cells and tissuesperform their different functions. Exposure to endocrine disruptors (EDCs), such as phytoestrogens, polycyclicaromatic hydrocarbons, flame retardants, plasticizers, pesticides, and cosmetics, is an integral and fundamental part ofhuman exposure. Humans are exposed to EDCs by multiple pathways including air, food, water, and consumerproducts. However, this exposure can lead to several adverse effects on human health, including on the cardiovascular(CV) system. The negative impact that EDC toxicity has on human CV health is a serious problem that must not beoverlooked. In this point of view, we proposed the use of the human umbilical artery as a human model to study thedirect effects of EDCs on the vascular level. Several works where these cells were directly exposed to EDC’s werepresented to highlight this well-established model as a great strategy to be used. In the future, we emphasize the needto continue to carry out different investigations using HUA to unveil and understand the vascular toxicity of EDCsand improve human CV health.

关键词： Vascular tonus Human umbilical artery Human exposome

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Methods to produce induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells: Mesenchymal stem cells from induced pluripotent stem cells

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2021年第8期13卷 1094-1111页

作者： Victoria Dupuis elisa Oltra Facultédes Sciences et d’Ingénierie Sorbonne UniversitéParis 75252France Department of Pathology Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente MártirValencia 46001Spain Centro de Investigación Traslacional San Alberto Magno Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente MártirValencia 46001Spain

Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)have received significant attention in recent years due to their large potential for cell ***,they secrete a wide variety of immunomodulatory factors of interest for the treatment of immune-related disorders and inflammatory *** can be extracted from multiple tissues of the human ***,several factors may restrict their use for clinical applications:the requirement of invasive procedures for their isolation,their limited numbers,and their heterogeneity according to the tissue of origin or *** addition,MSCs often present early signs of replicative senescence limiting their expansion in vitro,and their therapeutic capacity in *** to the clinical potential of MSCs,a considerable number of methods to differentiate induced pluripotent stem cells(iPSCs)into MSCs have *** represent a new reliable,unlimited source to generate MSCs(MSCs derived from iPSC,iMSCs)from homogeneous and well-characterized cell lines,which would relieve many of the above mentioned technical and biological ***,the use of iPSCs prevents some of the ethical concerns surrounding the use of human embryonic stem *** this review,we analyze the main current protocols used to differentiate human iPSCs into MSCs,which we classify into five different categories:MSC Switch,Embryoid Body Formation,Specific Differentiation,Pathway Inhibitor,and Platelet *** also evaluate common and method-specific culture components and provide a list of positive and negative markers for MSC *** guidance on material requirements to produce iMSCs with these methods and on the phenotypic features of the iMSCs obtained is *** information may help researchers identify protocol options to design and/or refine standardized procedures for large-scale production of iMSCs fitting clinical demands.

关键词： Mesenchymal stem cells Induced pluripotent stem cells Mesenchymal stem cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells Differentiation methods Culture components Mesenchymal stem cell markers

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