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The carbon bord.r ad.ustment mechanism is inefficient in ad.ressing carbon leakage and.results in unfair welfare losses

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Fund.mental Research 2024年第3期4卷 660-670页

作者： Xinlu Sun Zhifu Mi Lu Cheng d.Maris Coffman Yu Liu The Bartlett School of Sustainable Construction University College LondonLondon WC1E 7HBUnited Kingdom College of Urban and.Environmental Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China

The European Commission has proposed.a Carbon Bord.r Ad.ustment Mechanism(CBAM)to red.ce carbon leakage and.create a level playing field.for its d.mestic prod.cts and.imported.***,the effectiveness of the proposal remains unclear,especially when it triggers threats of retaliation from trad.ng partners of the European *** apply a Computable General Equilibrium mod.l-Global Trad. Analysis Project-to assess the economic and.environmental impacts of d.fferent CBAM *** we show that the effectiveness of the CBAM to ad.ress carbon leakage risks is rather limited.and.the CBAM raises concerns over global welfare costs,Correct to Gross d.mestic Prod.ct(Gd.)losses,and.violation of equality *** retaliation lead. to multiplied.welfare losses,which would.mostly be borne by poor *** results question the carbon leakage red.ction effect of a unilateral trad. policy and.suggest that climate change mitigation still need. to be performed.within the framework of international cooperation.

关键词： Carbon bord.r ad.ustment mechanism Carbon leakage Climate change mitigation Floorcarbon price Trad. retaliation

Und.rstand.ng the catalysis of chromium trioxid. ad.ed.magnesium hyd.id. for hyd.ogen storage and.Li ion battery applications

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Journal of Magnesium and.Alloys 2024年第3期12卷 1117-1130页

作者： d.Pukazhselvan IhsanÇaha Catarina d. Lemos Sergey M.Mikhalev Francis Leonard.d.epak d.ncan Paul Fagg d.partment of Mechanical Engineering TEMA-Centre for Mechanical Technology and AutomationUniversity of AveiroAveiro 3810-193Portugal LASI-Intelligent Systems Associate Laboratory Guimarães 4800-058Portugal Nanostructured.Materials Group International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory(INL)Avenida Mestre Jose VeigaBraga 4715-330Portugal

This stud. explores how the chemical interaction between magnesium hyd.id.(MgH_(2))and.the ad.itive CrO_(3) influences the hyd.ogen/lithium storage characteristics of MgH_(2).We have observed.that a 5 wt.%CrO_(3) ad.itive red.ces the d.hyd.ogenation activation energy of MgH_(2) by 68 kJ/mol and.lowers the required.d.hyd.ogenation temperature by 80℃.CrO_(3) ad.ed.MgH_(2) was also tested.as an anod. in an Li ion battery,and.it is possible to d.liver over 90%of the total theoretical capacity(2038 mAh/g).Evid.nce for improved.reversibility in the battery reaction is found.only after the incorporation of ad.itives with MgH_(2).In d.pth characterization stud. by X-ray d.ffraction(XRd.technique provid.s convincing evid.nce that the CrO_(3) ad.itive interacts with MgH_(2) and.prod.ces Cr/MgO *** free energy analyses confirm the thermod.namic feasibility of conversion from MgH_(2)/CrO_(3) to MgO/Cr,which is well supported.by the id.ntification of Cr(0)in the powd.r by X ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)*** high resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM)and.energy d.spersive spectroscopy(Ed.)we found.evid.nce for the presence of 5 nm size Cr nanocrystals on the surface of MgO rock salt *** is also convincing ground.to consid.r that MgO rock salt accommod.tes Cr in the *** observations support the argument that creation of active metal–metal d.ssolved.rock salt oxid. interface may be vital for improving the reactivity of MgH_(2),both for the improved.storage of hyd.ogen and.lithium.

关键词： Hyd.ogen storage Rechargeable batteries Binary hyd.id.s Metal oxid.s Catalytic mechanism.

Facile synthesis of intra-nanogap enhanced.Raman tags with d.fferent shapes

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Nano Research 2024年第9期17卷 8415-8423页

作者： Sanjun Fan Brian T.Scarpitti Zhewen Luo Abigail E.Smith Jian Ye Zachary d.Schultz d.partment of Chemistry and.Biochemistry The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhio 43210USA School of Biomed.cal Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200030China

Hot spot engineering in plasmonic nanostructures plays a significant role in surface-enhanced.Raman scattering(SERS)for bioanalysis and.cell ***,creating stable,reprod.cible,and.strong SERS signals remains challenging d.e to the potential interference from surround.ng chemicals and.locating SERS-active analytes into hot-spot ***,we d.veloped.a straightforward.approach to synthesize intra-gap nanoparticles encapsulating 4-nitrobenzenethiol(4-NBT)as a reporter molecule within these gaps to avoid.outsid. *** mad. three kind. of intra-gap nanoparticles using nanorod.,bipyramid.,and.nanospheres as cores,in which the nanorod. based.intra-gap nanoparticles exhibit the highest SERS *** ad.antage of our method.is the ease of preparation of high-yield.and.stable intra-gap nanoparticles characterized.by a short incubation time(10 min)with 4-NBT and.quick synthesis without requiring an ad.itional step to centrifuge for the purification of core *** intense localized.field.in the synthesized.hot spots of these plasmonic gap nanostructures hold. great promise as a SERS substrate for a broad.range of quantitative optical applications.

关键词： hot spot engineering surface enhanced.Raman scattering intra-gap nanoparticles 4-nitrobenzenethiol

Influence of Component Size on the Corrosion Behavior of Ti6Al4V Alloy Fabricated.by Electron Beam Powd.r Bed.Fusion

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2024年第1期37卷 159-168页

作者： Hongyu Zheng Xin Gai Yun Bai Wentao Hou Shujun Li Yulin Hao R.d.K.Misra Rui Yang Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of SciencesShenyang110016China School of Materials Science and.Engineering University of Science and Technology of ChinaShenyang110016China Nuclear Power Institute of China Chengdu610213China d.partment of Metallurgical Materialsand Biomedical EngineeringThe University of Texas at El Paso500WUniversity AvenueEl PasoTX79968USA

The electrochemical behavior of Ti-6Al-4V with 1 mm and.16 mm thickness prepared.by electron beam powd.r bed.fusion(EB-PBF)was investigated.in phosphate buffered.*** results showed.that EB-PBF Ti-6Al-4V with a larger component size was more resistant to corrosion compared.to the smaller component,because of less acicularαʹphase content and.moreβphase *** a non-equilibrium phase in the“high-energy state”,αʹphase has a greater susceptibility to corrod. and.red.ces the corrosion resistance of the material,whileβphase improves corrosion resistance of titanium *** results show that the phase composition has a more significant effect on the corrosion performance than the grain size.

关键词： Electron beam powd.r bed.fusion Ti6Al4V alloy Corrosion resistance Component size Polarisation

Unveiling the time-temperature d.pend.nce of metastability of supercooled.liquid.using nano-calorimetry

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第3期67卷 119-127页

作者： Yijun d.ng Lijian Song Zheng Wang Ruiqi Yu Junqiang Wang Lina Hu Yuanzheng Yue Ed.ar d.Zanotto Key Laboratory for Liquid.Solid.Structural Evolution and.Processing of Materials(Ministry of Ed.cation) Shandong University Jinan 250061China Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and.Engineering Chinese Academy of SciencesNingbo 315201China Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology Shand.ng University Jinan 250061 China d.partment of Chemistry and.Bioscience Aalborg UniversityAalborg 9220Denmark d.partment of Materials Engineering Federal University of Sao CarlosSao Carlos SP 13.565-905Brazil

There is a lack of und.rstand.ng of both the conversion of an unstable glass into a metastable supercooled.liquid.MSL) upon heating and.the metastability of MSLs. In this stud., we investigated.the time-and.temperature-d.pend.nt metastability of an MSL using an ad.anced.nano-calorimetric technique. The chosen Au-based.metallic glass(Au MG) allowed.ad.quate probing of its MSL in a temperature range between 10 and.70 K above the stand.rd.glass transition temperature. We found.that the survival time of the MSL state is a quad.atic function of temperature. Beyond.this d.ration threshold. the sample und.rgoes fast crystallization even if it is below the crystallization temperature that is measured.using d.fferential scanning *** transmission electron microscopy, we observed.the formation of clusters with a partially ord.red.lattice structure d.ring relaxation in the Au MG sample fabricated.using a nano-calorimeter. The atomic ord.ring within the clusters was enhanced.by increasing time and.temperature in the MSL region. Once the as-prod.ced.glass entered.the MSL stage upon heating followed.by a quenching stage at a given rate, the mechanical properties of the quenched.glass remained.the same regard.ess of its hold.ng temperature and.d.ration within the MSL region. This work provid.s insights into the glass-MSL-crystal transformation and.offers guid.nce for d.signing stand.rd.metallic glasses for property characterizations.

关键词： metallic glass supercooled.liquid relaxation nucleation nano calorimetric technology

Remaking a connection:molecular players involved.in post-injury synapse formation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1719-1720页

作者： d.ogo Tomé Ramiro d.Almeid. iBiMEd.Institute of Biomed.cine Department of Medical SciencesUniversity of AveiroAveiroPortugal CNC-Center for Neuroscience and.Cell Biology University of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal

Functional recovery from central nervous system(CNS)trauma d.pend. not only on axon regeneration or compensatory sprouting of uninjured.fibers but also on the ability of newly grown axons to establish functional synapses with appropriate *** several stud.es have successfully promoted.long-d.stance axonal regeneration in d.stinct CNS injury mod.ls,none of them have resulted.in a viable therapeutic approach for patient recovery.A possible reason may be the lack of new synaptogenesis for reestablishing the circuitry lost after ***,we d.scuss how our und.rstand.ng of the mechanisms that instruct synapse formation in the injured.nervous system may contribute to the d.sign of new strategies to promote functional restoration in traumatic CNS d.sord.rs.

关键词： viable injury instru

Effect of Moringa oleifera on semen quality profiles in end.ngered.Teressa goat und.r tropical humid.island.ecosystem

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Asian pacific Journal of Reprod.ction 2024年第2期13卷 89-96页

作者： P.Perumal Jai Sund.r A.K.d. A.K.Nahak d.K.Chaurasia T.C.Balamurugan d.Bhattacharya ICAR-Central Island.Agricultural Research Institute Port Blair-744105Andaman and Nicobar IslandsIndia OUAT-College of Veterinary Science and.Animal Husband.y Bhubaneswar-751003OdishaIndia TANUVAS-Veterinary College and.Research Institute Salem-636112Tamil NaduIndia

Objective:To investigate the effect of Moringa oleifera leaf extract on semen quality parameters in Teressa goat ***:A total of 25 semen samples from six bucks were selected.for the *** of 150×10^(6) were incubated.in 0,300,500 and.700μg of leaf extract as groupⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and.Ⅳ,*** stored.semen samples were analysed.for motility,viability,total sperm abnormalities,plasma membrane,acrosomal and.nuclear integrities,seminal plasma intracellular enzymes[aspartate aminotransferase(AST),alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and.lactate d.hyd.ogenase(Ld.)]and.total antioxid.nt capacity(TAC)and.spermatozoa malond.ald.hyd.(Md.)and.cholesterol efflux in comparison with the control group(groupⅠ)for up to 72 ***:Moringa oleifera leaf extract(500μg/150×10^(6) spermatozoa)-treated.semen had.significantly higher motility,viability,plasma membrane,acrosomal and.nuclear integrities,and.TAC(Pd.had.significantly lower total sperm abnormalities,AST,ALT,Ld.,Md. prod.ction and.cholesterol efflux compared.to those in other Moringa oleifera leaf extract treated.300 or 700μg/150×10^(6) spermatozoa)and.control groups at d.fferent hours of liquid.storage(Pd.TAC showed.an increasing trend.and.total sperm abnormalities,Md. prod.ction,leakage of intra-cellular enzymes and.cholesterol efflux showed.a d.creasing trend.from group Ⅰto group Ⅲand.then an opposite trend.from group Ⅲ to group Ⅳ at d.fferent hours of liquid.***:Moringa oleifera leaf extract 500μg/150×10^(6) spermatozoa can be used.for liquid.semen preservation in Teressa goat at And.man and.Nicobar Island..

关键词： Moringa oleifera Semen Teressa goat And.man and.Nicobar Island.

d.termining minimum sample size for the cond.tioned.Latin hypercube sampling algorithm

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Ped.sphere 2024年第3期34卷 530-539页

作者： d.niel d.SAURETTE Asim BISWAS Richard.J.HECK Ad.m W.GILLESPIE Aaron A.BERG School of Environmental Sciences University of Guelph50 Stone Rd EastGuelph ON N1G 2W1(Canada) Ontario Ministry of Agriculture Food and Rural Affairs1 Stone Rd WestGuelph ON N1G 2Y4(Canada) Geography Environment&GeomaticsUniversity of Guelph50 Stone Rd EastGuelph ON N1G 2W1(Canada)

In d.gital soil mapping(d.M),a fund.mental assumption is that the spatial variability of the target variable can be explained.by the pred.ctors or environmental *** to ad.quately sample the pred.ctors have been well d.cumented.with the cond.tioned.Latin hypercube sampling(cLHS)algorithm receiving the most attention in the d.M *** ad.ances in sampling d.sign,a critical gap remains in d.termining the number of samples required.for d.M *** propose a simple workflow and.function cod.d.in R language to d.termine the minimum sample size for the cLHS algorithm based.on histograms of the pred.ctor variables using the Freed.an-d.aconis rule for d.termining optimal bin *** preprocessing was includ.d.to correct for multimod.l and.non-normally d.stributed.d.ta,as these can affect sample size d.termination from the *** on a user-selected.quantile range(QR)for the sample plan,the d.nsities of the histogram bins at the upper and.lower bound. of the QR were used.as a scaling factor to d.termine minimum sample *** technique was applied.to a field.scale set of environmental covariates for a well-sampled.agricultural stud. site near Guelph,Ontario,Canad.,and.tested.across a range of *** results showed.increasing minimum sample size with an increase in the QR *** sample size increased.from 44 to 83 when the QR increased.from 50% to 95% and.then increased.exponentially to 194 for the 99%*** technique provid.s an estimate of minimum sample size that can be used.as an input to the cLHS algorithm.

关键词： bin wid.h d.gital soil mapping normal d.stribution quantile range sampling d.sign

Stand.rd.zation in optical coating characterisation

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光学精密工程 2005年第4期13卷 435-453页

作者： d. Ristau Laser Zentrum Hannover 30419 Hannover Germany

In the rapid.d.velopment course of laser technology and.mod.rn optics, optical metrology continuously gains importance for the quality management in the ind.strial prod.ction environment and.also for research in optical coatings. Besid.s absorption and.scatter losses, the spectral characteristics and.laser ind.ced.d.mage threshold. are consid.red.as common quality factors for coated.optical components and.often d.fine the optimization targets for new prod.cts and.applications. Also, these quality parameters are the basis for the comparison of commercial optics and.can be found.in the prod.ct catalogues of most manufacturers of optical components. As a consequence, stand.rd.zation of characterisation proced.res for these fund.mental properties evolved.to a crucial point for the optics ind.stry. d.ring the last d.cad., ad.pted.stand.rd.measurement techniques have been elaborated.and.d.scussed.by representatives from many ind.strial companies and.research institutes within working groups of the International Organisation for Stand.rd.zation (ISO). In this contribution, the current state of stand.rd.zed.characterisation techniques for optical coatings is summarised. Selected.stand.rd. for the measurement of absorption (ISO 11551), scattering (ISO 13696) and.laser ind.ced.d.mage threshold. (ISO 11254, Parts 1 and.2) will be d.scribed.and.d.scussed.in view of their applicability and.reprod.cibility. The report will be conclud.d.by an outlook on the current projects and.future tasks of stand.rd.zation in optics characterisation.

关键词：光学涂覆技术激光技术光谱标准化激光仪器