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Increased population density reduces body growth and female investment in a simultaneous hermaphrodite

Current Zoology 2017年第2期63卷 151-157页

作者： elio cannarsa stefania meconcelli Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology Universita di Torino Via Accademia Albertina 13 10123 Torino Italy.

Sex allocation theory applied to hermaphrodites assumes that there is a trade off between the alloca- tion of resources to male and female functions, within a fixed reproductive resource budget. Charnov＇s classic resource allocation model predicts a more female-biased sex allocation when competition among different sperm donors is low due to diminishing fitness returns for male investment. By manipulating the social group size, one automatically changes the population density at which individ- uals live. Increasing population density may affect reproductive allocation, leading to resource compe- tition and/or to increased concentration of harmful metabolites. This could lead to an over- or under- estimation of the individual adjustment of sex allocation responses to mating opportunities. In this article, we tested the effects of density and social group size separately on female investment and body growth （considered as proxy of the overall energy budget） in the simultaneously hermaphroditic polychaete worm Ophryotrocha diadema. We manipulated social group size （i.e., monogamous and promiscuous regimes） and density （i.e., 4 levels） using a full-factorial design, to identify the underlying factor affecting female allocation （in terms of egg production） and body growth. In contrast to findings of previous experiments, we found that an increase in population density reduced body growth and egg production of hermaphrodites irrespective of social group size. We advance the hypothesis that the increase of catabolites and oxygen consumption in high-density conditions reduces the overall resource budget and this could obscure group size effects on female fecundity.

关键词： body growth female fecundity mating group size Ophryotrocha diadema resource budget.

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Treatment of Edematofibrosclerotic Panniculitis (Cellulite) and of Localised Adiposity with Extracts of Birch, Melilotus, Orthosiphon, Bromelin and Red Vine Leukocyanidine: Results from a Single-Centre Observational Prospective Study

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Journal of Cosmetics, Dermatological Sciences and Applications 2014年第3期4卷 166-172页

作者： Concettina elio Filippo Intilangelo Attilio Cavezzi Galya Dimitrova stefania Paccasassi Gianni Sigismondi Eurocenter Venalinfa San Benedetto del Tronto Italy Vascular Unit Poliambulatorio Hippocrates San Benedetto del Tronto Italy

The Edematofibrosclerotic Panniculitis (EFP) and the Localised Adiposity (LA) have controversial pathogenesis and therapy. A single-centre observational study has been performed to assess the potential efficacy, the limitations and the side effects of the medical treatment of EFP and AL by means of a multicomponent nutraceutical product. Fifty female subjects have been enrolled, mean age and BMI of the patients were 46 years and 24.18 respectively. The subjects have been submitted to a two-month treatment with two tablets of a nutraceutical based on extracts of Birch (100 mg), Orthosiphon (100 mg), Red Vine Leukocyanidines (100 mg), Melilotus (5 mg) and Bromelin (150 mg). The patients have been investigated before the treatment and during the treatment (at 30 and 60 days) by means of: a) volumetry of the lower limbs with tape measurement;b) visual analogue scale assessment (VAS) of symptoms such as pain paresthesia/dysesthesia, heaviness, and of the daily diuresis;c) duplex ultrasound evaluation of the thickness of the adipose tissue at the peri-trochanteric level;d) multifrequency segmental bioimpedance (MSB) analysis for the tissue liquid component. Forty-five of the 50 enrolled subjects have completed the study and five patients have discontinued the treatment, four of which due to unexpected personal problems or health problems not related to the treatment itself and one for reporting gastrointestinal disorders (such as constipation/diarrhea) with the nutraceutical intake. At the end of the therapeutical cycle, volumetry of the limbs decreased of 7% (right) and of 6% (left). Pre/post treatment VAS assessment of symptoms showed the following mean figures: heaviness from 5.10 to 0.88;paresthesia/dysesthesia from 0.90 to 0.00;pain from 2.03 to 0.12. Diuresis increased of 31%. Duplex-ultrasound assessment of the subcutaneous adipose layers at the trochanteric level showed a reduction of slightly more than 20% at the end of the treatment in both limbs. L-Dex bioimped

关键词： Edematofibrosclerotic Panniculitis Localised Adiposity Nutraceutical Bioimpedance Spectroscopy

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5-HTr Expression in Primary Trigeminal Neuron Following Injury

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2012年第4期2卷 427-435页

作者： Ombretta Mameli Antonella Russo stefania Stanzani Giovanni Tringali elio Insirello Marcello Alessandro Caria Pier Luigi De Riu Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine Human Physiology Division University of Sassari Sassari Italy Department of Physiological Sciences University of Catania Catania Italy Istituto di Ricerca Medica e Ambientale Catania Italy

Trigeminal ganglia neurons significantly affect the amplitude and type of 5-HT receptor gene expression following activation of their axon terminals and sensitisation by painful stimuli. Moreover, these neurons significantly alter gene expression in cytoskeletal proteins following injury. The aim of the present study was to determine whether peripheral and/or central deafferenting lesions affect gene expression in serotonergic receptors that are involved in pain transmission. Adult rats were subjected to unilateral ablation of the facial sensory and motor cortices. Fifteen days after the surgery, degeneration of the cortico-trigeminal pathway was observed. Presynaptic deafferentation of the primary trigeminal neurons and central afferents of the contralateral ganglia was conducted. As a consequence of the excision of the meninges covering the ablated cortices, the peripheral axotomy of the trigeminal-vascular primary neurons of the ipsi-lateral side was induced. Serotonergic receptor (5-HT5A/5B/1B/1D/1F) gene expression was analysed in both sides of the trigeminal ganglia neurons. The results of the present study showed a significant increase in 5-HT5A/5B/1B/1D receptor gene expression in the primary sensory neurons of both ganglia, with the highest levels of expression noted in the ganglia contralateral to the lesion. 5-HT1F receptor expression, however, was more strongly expressed in the ganglia ipsilateral to the lesion. Our results also confirm that the adaptive response of primary trigeminal neurons to injury involves anatomical remodelling, as well as changes in receptor gene expression involved in sensory transmission. This may explain the distortion of sensory signals observed in trigeminal neuropathic states, and may lead to the development of novel pharmacological interventions.

关键词： Sensory Neurons Plasticity Trigeminal Ganglia Neurons Axotomy Pre-Synaptic Deafferentation 5-HT Receptors

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