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Deterioration of Groundwater in Beirut Due to Seawater Intrusion

Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2017年第11期5卷 149-159页

作者： Mark Saadeh elie Wakim RWTH University Aachen Germany American University of Technology (AUT) Halat Lebanon

All of Lebanon’s aquifers, without exception, are afflicted with some form of contamination, be it from untreated raw sewage, pesticides or fertilizers, but at the forefront there is seawater intrusion, and nowhere it is more pronounced than in Beirut, the capital. Extensive sampling of Beirut’s groundwater in recent years has revealed alarming values of Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) in the thousands of milligrams per litre, in an increasing number of wells. This irreversible deterioration of groundwater quality is forcing citizens to install costly desalination equipment, importing questionable water by private tankers or abandoning their wells altogether. Initial groundwater sampling began in 2004. In what was possibly Lebanon’s worst drought in decades, another campaign to sample Beirut’s groundwater was undertaken in the summer of 2014 which still continues to date. Acute water shortages in recent years coupled with recurrent periods of drought, have rendered Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) of many sampled wells in Beirut, equivalent to that of seawater (~37,500 mg/L). Fundamental in combating the impact of seawater intrusion however is an understanding of the Ghyben-Herzberg principle which warns that for every meter of groundwater drop above sea level there is an equivalent rise of 40 meters of the saline-fresh water interface, demonstrating just how sensitive over-pumping is in coastal aquifers. With an understanding of the principle dynamics behind the phenomena of seawater intrusion, myriad methods may then be employed to combat this encroachment in coastal aquifers. Restricting or even preventing altogether withdrawals from Beirut’s coastal aquifers may however be the only viable option left.

关键词： Seawater Intrusion Groundwater Footprint Groundwater Protection Zones Aquifer Storage Recovery Total Dissolved Solids

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Kawasaki Disease in a Togolese Child

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2022年第2期12卷 293-296页

作者： Koffi Mawuse Guedenon Doguénsaga Borgatia Attah Djatougbe Ayaovi elie Akolly Mawouto Fiawoo Kokou Placide Agbo-Kpati Adama Dodji Gbadoe Department of Pediatrics CHU Sylvanus Olympio University of Lomé Lomé Togo Department of Cardiology CHR Sokodé University of Kara Kara Togo Department of Pediatrics GHEF Site de Marne La Vallée Jossigny France

Introduction: Kawasaki disease (KD) is a severe febrile vasculitis that affects children under 5 years of age. The severity of KD is related to coronary involvement. Few cases have been reported in sub-Saharan Africa. Objective: We present a clinical observation of a Togolese infant to illustrate the typical clinical picture that every pediatrician should know. Observation: The patient was a 20-month-old infant from Togo who presented with conjunctivitis, cheilitis, stomatitis, and pharyngitis in a febrile setting. There was a satellite sub-maxillary adenopathy. There was a persistent biological inflammatory syndrome with thrombocytosis and a doppler ultrasound confirmed the diagnosis of a coronary aneurysm. Treatment was based on corticosteroid therapy and acetylsalicylic acid with success. Conclusion: KD involves cardiac complications that require rigorous and sometimes long-term monitoring to prevent death.

关键词： Kawasaki Disease Lympho-Cutaneous-Mucosal Syndrome Vascularity Coronary Aneurysm

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Assessment of the Socio-Demographic Factors Associated with the Satisfaction Related to the Childbirth Experience

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2014年第10期4卷 585-611页

作者： elie Al Ahmar Samir Tarraf Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences Holy Spirit University of Kaslik Mount Lebanon Lebanon

Assessment of the socio-demographic factors associated with the satisfaction is related to the childbirth experience. Objective: A mother’s satisfaction with the childbirth experience may have instant and lasting effects on her wellbeing, and on the bonding with her infant. The main aim of the study was to assess which socio-demographic factors are associated with this satisfaction. Most factors that authors agree on are: Pain intensity, personal control, self-efficacy, length of labor, method of delivery and numerous other demographic factors. Design: A cross-sectional study. Data was collected using a self-reported survey. Settings: The sample consisted of 100 women, selected from St Georges Hospital and CHU-NDS, who had to speak Arabic and had given birth in the past three days prior to interview. Methods: The multiple linear regressions and the mean test were used to assess which factors were associated with a positive childbirth experience. The Mackey childbirth satisfaction scale, three items from the Wijma delivery Expectancy/Experience questionnaire, a seven item mastery scale developed by Pearlin and Schooler and a background questionnaire were filled by women. Findings: Factors that were linked to a positive birth experience were: Higher age, multiparous women, higher education, high monthly income, unemployment, childbirth preparation, high personal control and self-efficacy, high childbirth and labor pain, fulfilled expectations, shorter period of labor and instrumented delivery. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that satisfaction with the childbirth experience is multi-dimensional with diverse factors foreseeing diverse dimensions of satisfaction.

关键词： Childbirth Experience Satisfaction Personal Control Self-Efficacy Mother

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Effectiveness of a Single High Dose of Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) Injection Over Corticosteroid and Hyaluronic Acid Injections on Osteoarthritis, Chronic Tendinitis and Tennis Elbow Treatment

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Open Journal of Regenerative Medicine 2022年第2期11卷 41-53页

作者： Charbel Khalil Diana Chaker Albert Azar elie El Kayem Rawad Salameh Mohamad Dar-Yahya Fadi Nader Alain Chebly Kamil Samaha Ahmad Ibrahim Reviva Stem Cell Platform for Research and Applications Center Bsalim Lebanon Middle East Institute of Health University Hospital Bsalim Lebanon Bone Marrow Transplant Unit Burjeel Medical City Abu Dhabi UAE Stem Cell Institute Faculty of Medical Sciences Lebanese University Beirut Lebanon NSERM National Institute of Health and Medical Research Paris XI Paris France Faculty of Medicine Lebanese American University Beirut Lebanon Lebanese University Faculty of Medicine Beirut Lebanon Medical Genetics Unit (UGM) Faculty of Medicine Saint Joseph University Beirut Lebanon Higher Institute of Public Health Saint Joseph University Beirut Lebanon

Background: Corticosteroid, hyaluronic acid (HA) injections and Anti-inflammatory agents are considered as non-invasive treatments for knee osteoarthritis (OA), Chronic Tendinitis (CT) and Tennis elbow (TE) that are supposed to provide symptomatic relief and to help surgical delay intervention. Platelet rich plasma (PRP) is a biological component shown to be beneficial for different orthopedic dysfunctionalities treatment. The presence of GFs in PRPs such as transforming growth factor-β, insulin-like growth factor 1co-stimulate the mesenchymal stem cells and fibroblasts secretions and promotes the fibrin matrix formation which effectively drive the healing process, induces regenerative response and lead to the damage structure repair in orthopedics trauma. Methods: Three groups of a total of 30 patients presenting OA, CT and TE diagnosis, non-responding to corticosteroid, HA and non-steroid anti-inflammatory treatments were randomized to undergo one intra-articular injections of single high dose of PRP. The efficacy of Intra-articular PRP Injections was evaluated before the injection and one month after. The efficiency assessment score was based on [1] Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, [2] Physical Function Short Form (KOOS-PS) Arabic (KSA) version LK 1.0, [3] HOOS-Physical Function Short form (HOOS-PS), and [4] Macdermid patient-rated Tennis Elbow. Results: A significant reduction of pain and a marked improvement in movements was observed in the 3 patient’s groups, PRP-injected patients showed significantly higher values compared with baseline: (p < 0.005 vs baseline), improve functional status and reduce clearly the articular dysfunctions over the time. In our study, single High dose injection of PRP provided an overall superior clinical improvement compared with HA and corticosteroid treatments over the time and the different follow-up checkpoints of the study.

关键词： Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) Osteoarthritis Chronic Tendinitis Tennis Elbow Corticosteroid Hyaluronic Acid Non-Steroid Anti-Inflammatory

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Differential effects of glutamate receptor antagonists on dorsal horn neurons responding to colorectal distension in a neonatal colon irritation rat model

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第41期11卷 6495-6502页

作者： Chun Lin elie D Al-Chaer Laboratory of elie D Al-Chaer(ACELAB) Center for Pain Research (CPR) University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston TX 77555-0632 United States Center for Neubiological Research Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhou 350004 Fujian Province China

AIM: To investigate and compare the effects of spinal D-(-)-2-amino-7-phosphonoheptanoic acid (AP-7) and 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione disodium (CNQX),two glutamate receptor antagonists, on the responses of dorsal horn neurons to colorectal distension (CRD) in adult rats exposed to neonatal colon irritation (CI).METHODS: Hypersensitive SD rats were generated by CI during postnatal days 8, 10 and 12. Experiments on adult rats were performed using extracellular single-unit recording. The effects of spinal application of AP-7 (0.001,0.01, 0.1, 1 mmoL) were tested on the CRD-evoked neuronal responses in 16 controls and 17 CI rats. The effects of CNQX (0.2, 2, 5, 10 μmoL) were also tested on the CRD-evoked responses of 17 controls and 18 CI ***: (1) The average responses of lumbosacral neurons to all intensities of CRD in CI rats were significantly higher than those in control rats; (2) In control rats, AP-7 (0.01 mmoL) had no significant effect on the neuronal response to all intensities of CRD (20,40, 60, 80 mmHg); while AP-7 (0.1 mmoL) inhibited the neuronal response to 80-mmHg CRD. By contrast, in CI rats, AP-7 (0.01-1 mmoL) attenuated the CRD-evoked neuronal responses to all distention pressures in a dosedependent manner; (3) In control rats, CNQX (2 μmoL)had no significantly effect on the neuronal response to all intensities of CRD; however, CNQX (5 μmoL) significantly attenuated the responses to CRD in the 40-80 mmHg range. By contrast, CNQX (2-10 μmoL)significantly decreased the neuronal responses in CI rats to non-noxious and noxious CRD in a dose-dependent ***: Our results suggest that spinal N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and non-NMDA receptors may contribute to the processing of central sensitivity in a neonatal CI rat model, but they may play different roles in it.

关键词：谷氨酸受体神经元新生儿结肠疾病

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Developing a contact probe for rodent fundus imaging in a confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope

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Chinese Optics Letters 2016年第3期14卷 76-79页

作者：江晓芸丁翼晨王文耀黄智宇王志茹 elie de Lestrange Anginieur 俞玥李军濮鸣亮任秋实李长辉 Department of Biomedical Engineering Peking University Department of Anatomy School of Basic Medical Sciences Peking University Laboratory Animal Center Peking University School of Public Health Jilin University

Since significant ocular differences in both anatomical structure and optical properties exist between rodents and humans, clinical imaging devices for human use are not suitable for use on rodents. In this study, we develop a contact probe with a flexible surface that can closely fit the rodent cornea for fundus imaging with a confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope. Both Zemax simulation and in vivo fundus imaging demonstrate that this con- tact probe can significantly improve both the imaging quality and the operational convenience.

关键词： Mammals Medical imaging Optical properties

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Prevalence of Suicidal Risk in the General Population in Parakou (Benin) in 2022

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Open Journal of Psychiatry 2023年第4期13卷 304-323页

作者： Ataigba Ireti Nethania elie Aza-Gnandji Guy Gérard Sossa Megni Gbenondjihou elie Adeossi Kintossi Feldia Bernice Bernice Zingbe Cadnella Marieange Moussa Djibrilla Awohouedji Dèdonougbo Mêmêgnon Tokpanoude Coovi Nonwanou Ignace Djossou Sègnon Eurydice Elvire Djidonou Anselme Tognon Tchegnonsi Francis Gandaho Proper Ezin Houngbe Josiane Faculté de Médecine & Institut de Formation en Soins Infirmiers et Obstétricaux Université de Parakou Parakou Bénin Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Départemental du Borgou Alibori de Parakou: Service de psychiatrie Parakou Bénin Organisation Non Gouvernementale de Soutien de Réhabilitation d’Insertion et de Réinsertion (SouRIR ONG) Parakou Bénin Faculté des Sciences de la Santé Université d’Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Bénin Centre National Hospitalier Universitaire-Hubert Koutoucou Maga de Cotonou: Service de Psychiatrie Cotonou Bénin Centre National Hospitalier Universitaire Psychiatrique de Cotonou: Unité de psychiatrie de l’enfant et de l’adolescent Cotonou Bénin Faculté des Sciences de la Santé Université André Salifou de Zinder Zinder Niger Service de Psychiatrie H&#244pital National de Zinder Zinder Niger Faculté des Sciences de la Santé U nité de Santé Publique Cotonou Bénin

Introduction: Every year worldwide, the WHO estimates that nearly one million people take their own lives, the equivalent of one suicide occurring every 40 seconds, despite the fact that this harm is preventable. Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the risk of suicide in the general population in the commune of Parakou in 2022. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study conducted from December 2021 to December 2022. Sampling was probabilistic, using the WHO cluster sampling technique. Results: A total of 582 subjects were surveyed, of whom 99 (17.01%) were at risk of suicide (low (7.6%), moderate (5.7%) and high (3.8%)). Evaluation of suicidal behaviors revealed suicidal ideation (15.12%), suicidal planning (4.46%), suicide attempts (3.78%) and suicidal equivalents (6.90%). After multivariate analysis, the following were statically associated with suicidal risk: wet nurse status of less than one month (p = 0.003), family history of suicide attempt (p = 0.004), lack of affection from parents or guardians (p = 0.044), poor relationship with partner (p = 0.033) and depression (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Approximately one person in five is at risk of suicide at the end of this study. There is every interest to implement effective preventive measures at national level.

关键词： Risk Suicide Benin-2022

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蒿甲醚伍用伯氨喹治疗恶性疟的研究

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中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志 2001年第5期19卷 308-309页

作者：黄建荣高英起 Nganawei elie 浙江大学医学院附属一院杭州310003 浙江杭州中医医院杭州310006 中非共和国友谊医院

目的　观察蒿甲醚伍用伯氨喹治疗恶性疟的疗效和副作用。　方法　在中非共和国选择恶性疟12 1例 ,随机分为两组。伍用组 :口服蒿甲醚 80mg ,qd× 5d ,首日蒿甲醚 16 0mg加服伯氨喹 3片 (含基质 7 5mg ,qd× 3～ 4d)治疗 32例 ;肌注蒿甲... 详细信息

目的　观察蒿甲醚伍用伯氨喹治疗恶性疟的疗效和副作用。　方法　在中非共和国选择恶性疟12 1例 ,随机分为两组。伍用组 :口服蒿甲醚 80mg ,qd× 5d ,首日蒿甲醚 16 0mg加服伯氨喹 3片 (含基质 7 5mg ,qd× 3～ 4d)治疗 32例 ;肌注蒿甲醚加服伯氨喹 ,治疗 2 9例 ;对照组 :单用口服蒿甲醚治疗 33例和肌注蒿甲醚治疗 2 7例 ,B组、C组和D组所用剂量与疗程均同A组。上述病例于用药前及后 6、 14、 2 1、及 2 8d各随访1次 ,密切观察病例的临床症状与体征变化。　结果　A组、B组、C组和D组病例的平均退热时间分别为(47 6± 15 7)、 (36 9± 10 7)、 (48 5± 18 4 )和 (42 2± 9 5 )h。其临床治愈率依次为 84 4 %、 10 0 %、 90 1和96 3% ,其复燃率依次为 6 3%、 3 4 %、 2 1 2 %和 18 5 %。 4组药物副作用均轻。　结论　蒿甲醚伍用伯氨喹及单用蒿甲醚 (口服或肌注 )对恶性疟治疗作用均良好。

关键词：疟疾恶性疟抗疟药物蒿甲醚伯氨喹临床疗效

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Learning Experience and Satisfaction of International Students in China

Learning Experience and Satisfaction of International Studen...

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作者： elie HIRWA 山东大学

学位级别：硕士

The globalization becomes the today’s world *** has been entered in higher *** is a big competition of students seeking to study *** marketing of higher education is one tool used by educationalist in order to increase *** satisfy recruited students for retention has not been paid attention *** purpose of this research is to explore the satisfaction of international students in *** make the research more understandable and specific,we choose the case study of a comprehensive *** source of information is the questionnaire distributed to international *** are presented using SPSS and quantitative analyses are made supported by relationship analysis using regression and *** result showed that practical work（internship and field trip）resources like library and networking opportunities（for employment）are too *** their performance are still low,there is a high gap in those *** performs better in areas of digital resources（soft materials）.The class participation is good confirmed by a good mean of importance and performance of interaction in class,class presentation and attending class on *** data confirmed by the relationship between importance of learning satisfaction;learning methods and learning *** research concludes with recommendation to increase library service,and explore the minimization of the gap in practical work.

关键词：国际教育学生满意度全球化学习经验

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Endoscopic Aspects of Caustic Injuries of the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract in Parakou, Benin Republic: A Multicenter Study

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2023年第10期11卷 15-24页

作者： Saké Khadidjatou Fanou Coffi Dénis Agbeille Mohamed Falilatou Hountondji Astrid Alexandrine Tamou Sambo Bio elie Tchaou Blaise Adélin Sehonou Jean Kodjoh Nicolas Faculty of Medicine University of Parakou Parakou Benin Military Teaching Hospital-Regional Teaching Hospital of Parakou Parakou Benin Faculty of Health Sciences University of Abomey Calavi Cotonou Benin

Objective: Caustic ingestion is a medico-surgical emergency. The objective of this study is to describe endoscopic lesions of the upper gastrointestinal tract secondary to caustic ingestion in Parakou, Benin Republic. Patients and Methods: This was a retrospective and descriptive cross-sectional study. The study was multicenter in the gastrointestinal endoscopy units of the Teaching Hospital Center of Borgou-Alibori and the Military Teaching Hospital of Parakou. It covered the period from July 2015 to October 2021. This included any patient who ingested a caustic substance and performed a gastroscopy in one of the two endoscopy units. The variables studied were: socio-demographic data, the nature of the caustic substance ingested, the time between the caustic ingestion and the performance of gastroscopy and injuries of the upper gastrointestinal tract. Results: Out of the 24 patients included, 19 were men, i.e. a sex ratio of 3.8. Their average age was 25.54 ± 12.04 years with extremes of 6 and 50 years. Five subjects (20.83%) were under the age of 18 and the ingestion was accidental in them. Among the 19 patients aged at least 18 years, caustic ingestion was voluntary in 14 (73.68%). The caustic substance ingested was either a base (sodium hydroxide or caustic soda) or an acid (sulfuric acid) in 14 cases (58.33%) and 10 cases (41.67%), respectively. The time between the caustic ingestion and the performance of gastroscopy varied from 1 to 1095 days. The endoscopic lesions objectified were: stenosis (37.5%), ulcerations (29.17%), necrosis (20.83%), or erythema (12.25%). Conclusion: In Parakou, caustic ingestion, usually bases, is often voluntary in adult men. Endoscopic lesions were often ulcerative but sometimes necrotic.

关键词： Caustic Injuries Bases Acids Endoscopy Parakou

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