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人类居住 2006年第1期 36-37页

作者： eliana riggio chaudhuri 宗菁（译）联合国儿童基金会CFC国际项目协调员不详

联合国儿童基金会之所以提出“建设适合儿童生长的城市”这一概念，主要是基于这样一个事实，即越来越多的儿童将在城市中生活。但是，大部分城市都不适于儿童的生长发育。

关键词：生长发育基金会联合国儿童城市建设运动生活

Application of ultrasonography-elastography score to suspect porto-sinusoidal vascular disease in patients with portal vein thrombosis

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2024年第1期23卷 20-24页

作者： Stefania Gioia Adriano De Santis Giulia d’Amati Silvia Nardelli Alessandra Spagnoli Arianna Di Rocco Lorenzo Ridola Oliviero riggio Department of Translational and Precision Medicine Sapienza University of RomeRomeItaly Department of Radiological Oncologicaland Pathological SciencesSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases Sapienza University of RomeRomeItaly

Background:Porto-sinusoidal vascular disease(PSVD)and portal vein thrombosis(PVT)are causes of portal hypertension characterized respectively by an intrahepatic and a pre-hepatic obstacle to the flow in the portal *** PVT may be a consequence of PSVD,in PVT patients at presentation,a pre-existing PSVD should be *** these patients the identification of an underlying PSVD would have relevant implication regarding follow-up and therapeutic management,but it could be *** this setting ultrasonography may be valuable in differential *** aim of the study was to use ultrasonography to identify parameters to discriminate between PSVD and“pure”PVT and then to suspect PVT secondary to a pre-existing ***:Fifty-three patients with histologically proven PSVD and forty-eight patients affected by chronic PVT were enrolled and submitted to abdominal ultrasonography with elastography by acoustic radiation force impulse(ARFI).Results:ARFI was higher and superior mesenteric vein(SMV)diameter was wider in PSVD patients than in PVT ***,a prognostic score was obtained as linear combinations of the two parameters with a good discrimination capacity between PSVD and PVT(the area under the curve=0.780;95%confidence interval:0.690-0.869).Conclusions:A score based on ARFI and SMV diameter may be useful to suspect an underlying PSVD in patients with PVT and to identify a subgroup of patients to be submitted to liver biopsy.

关键词： Non-cirrhotic portal hypertension Porto-sinusoidal vascular disease Chronic portal vein thrombosis Liver stiffness Portal hypertension Acoustic radiation force impulse

Dewatering of Scenedesmus obliquus Cultivation Substrate with Microfiltration:Potential and Challenges for Water Reuse and Effective Harvesting

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Engineering 2024年第7期38卷 155-163页

作者： Marco Malaguti Lorenzo Craveri Francesco Ricceri Vincenzo riggio Mariachiara Zanetti Alberto Tiraferri Department of Environment Land and Infrastructure EngineeringPolitecnico di TorinoTorino 10129Italy Clean Water Center Politecnico di TorinoTorino 10129Italy

In the microalgae harvesting process,which includes a step for dewatering the algal suspension,directly reusing extracted water in situ would decrease the freshwater footprint of cultivation *** various algae harvesting techniques,membrane-based filtration has shown numerous *** study evaluated the reuse of permeate streams derived from Scenedesmus obliquus(***)biomass filtration under bench-scale and pilot-scale *** particular,this study identified a series of challenges and mechanisms that influence the water reuse potential and the robustness of the membrane harvesting *** a preliminary phase of this investigation,the health status of the initial biomass was found to have important implications for the harvesting performance and quality of the permeate stream to be reused;healthy biomass ensured better dewatering performance(i.e.,higher water fluxes)and higher quality of the permeate water streams.A series of bench-scale filtration experiments with different combinations of cross-flow velocity and pressure values were performed to identify the operative conditions that would maximize water *** selected conditions,2.4 m·s^(-1)and 1.4 bar(1 bar=105 Pa),respectively,were then applied to drive pilot-scale microfiltration tests to reuse the collected permeate as a new cultivation medium for *** growth in a pilot-scale *** investigation revealed key differences between the behavior of the membrane systems at the two scales(bench and pilot).It indicated the potential for beneficial reuse of the permeate stream as the pilot-scale experiments ensured high harvesting performance and growth rates of biomass in permeate water that were highly similar to those recorded in the ideal cultivation ***,different nutrient reintegration protocols were investigated,revealing that both macro-and micro-nutrient levels are critical for the success of the reuse approach.

关键词： Scenedesmus obliquus Microfiltration Permeate reuse Harvesting Microalgae Pilot-scale

Conservation and behavior of Africa＇s ＂Big Five＂

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Current Zoology 2014年第4期60卷 486-499页

作者： Tim CARO Jason riggio Department of Wildlife Fish and Conservation Biology University of California Davis CA 95616 USA

We examine the conservation status of Africa＇s ＂Big Five＂： lion, leopard, buffalo, black and white rhinoceros and elephant, and the role of behavioral knowledge in their conservation. Efforts to conserve these flagship species consist of in situ conservation, captive breeding and reintroductions. With a few exceptions, we find limited evidence that knowledge of behavior informs conservation programs targeted at these species. For management in the wild, knowledge of infanticide and ranging can provide guidelines for realistic hunting quotas and corridors between protected areas, respectively. For ex situ and reintroduction programs, behavioral knowledge is chiefly focused on improved animal husbandry. Despite a formidable understanding of these species＇ behavior, the practicalities of using such knowledge may be diminished because exploitation of these species is so forceful and the bulk of efforts aimed at conserving these species （and indeed most other African species） are primarily in situ where behaviorally driven interventions are limited. Our comparative findings suggest that behavior has been of rather narrow use in the conservation of these flagship species [Current Zoology 60 （4）： 486--499, 2014].

关键词： African elephant Black rhinoceros Buffalo Flagship species Leopard Lion White rhinoceros

Ascitic fluid analysis for diagnosis and monitoring of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第31期15卷 3845-3850页

作者： Oliviero riggio Stefania Angeloni Department of Clinical Medicine "Sapienza" University of Rome

Polymorphonuclear (PMN) cell count in the ascitic fluid is essential for the diagnosis and management of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP). To date, PMN cell count is routinely performed by traditional manual counting. However, this method is time-consuming, costly, and not always timely available. Therefore, considerable efforts have been made in recent years to develop an alternative test for a more rapid diagnosis and monitoring of SBP. The use of urinary reagent strips was proposed to achieve an "instant" bedside diagnosis of SBP. A series of reports evaluated the urine strip test for SBP diagnosis and reported promising results. However, a recent large multicenter study revealed a surprising lack of diagnostic effi cacy of the urine screening test for SBP diagnosis. Another method, more recently proposed as an alternative to the manual PMN count, is the measurement of lactoferrin in ascitic fluid, but the data available on the diagnostic value of this test are limited to a single study. However, both urinary reagent strips and ascitic lactoferrin tests are qualitative methods and need, therefore, to be further confirmed by standard cytology of the ascitic fluid. To date, the only quantitative method proposed as a valid alternative to manual PMN counting is automated blood cell counters, commonly used in all laboratories for blood cell counting. Data available in the literature on the diagnostic performance of this method are limited but very promising, and this tool seems to have the potential to replace the manual counting method.

关键词： Ascites Ascitic fluid lactoferrin Automatedblood cell counter Paracentesis Polymorphonuclear cell count Urinary reagent strips

Quality of life in patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第48期24卷 5446-5453页

作者： Lorenzo Ridola Silvia Nardelli Stefania Gioia Oliviero riggio Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies Sapienza University of Rome Department of Clinical Medicine Sapienza University of Rome

Minimal hepatic encephalopathy(MHE) represents the mildest type of hepatic encephalopathy(HE). This condition alters the performance of psychometric tests by impairing attention, working memory, psychomotor speed, and visuospatial ability, as well as electrophysiological and other functional brain measures. MHE is a frequent complication of liver disease, affecting up to 80% of tested patients, depending of the diagnostic tools used for the diagnosis. MHE is related to falls, to an impairment in fitness to drive and the development of overt HE, MHE severely affects the lives of patients and caregivers by altering their quality of life(QoL) and their socioeconomic status. MHE is detected in clinically asymptomatic patients through appropriate psychometric tests and neurophysiological methods which highlight neuropsychological alterations such as video-spatial orientation deficits, attention disorders, memory, reaction times, electroencephalogram slowing, prolongation of latency evoked cognitive potentials and reduction in the critical flicker frequency. Several treatments have been proposed for MHE treatment such as non-absorbable disaccharides, poorly absorbable antibiotics such rifaximin, probiotics and branched chain amino acids. However, because of the multiple diagnosis methods, the various endpoints of treatment trials and the variety of agents used in trials, to date the treatment of MHE is not routinely recommended apart from on a case-by-case basis. Aim of this review is analyze the burden of MHE on QoL of patients and provide a brief summary of therapeutic approaches.

关键词： Cirrhosis Minimal hepatic encephalopathy Covert hepatic encephalopathy Health related quality of life

Neurological and psychiatric effects of hepatitis C virus infection

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第29期27卷 4846-4861页

作者： Jessica Faccioli Silvia Nardelli Stefania Gioia Oliviero riggio Lorenzo Ridola Department of Translational and Precision Medicine “Sapienza”University of RomeRome 00185Italy

Hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection is widespread and affects 71 million people *** hepatic manifestations are the most frequent,ranging from chronic hepatitis to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma,it is also associated with several extrahepatic *** patients may present nonspecific neurological symptoms,regardless of the presence of liver *** pathogenetic mechanisms underlying neurological symptoms have been hypothesized:neuroinvasion,immune-mediated damage,neurotransmitter alterations and *** of the central nervous system include cerebral vasculopathy,acute or subacute encephalopathy and inflammatory *** infection may be responsible for neuropathies,of which the most frequent form is symmetrical axonal sensory or sensory-motor polyneuropathy which causes loss of leg sensitivity and *** to 50%of patients with HCV infection may experience cognitive decline and psychological disorders,such as depression and *** associated neurocognitive disorder is independent of the presence of liver cirrhosis and affects different domains than in patients with hepatic *** can be studied using specific tests that mainly explore executive functions,verbal learning and verbal *** disorders significantly reduce the quality of *** new antiviral therapies improve the extrahepatic symptoms of HCV infection and their success depends on the achievement of sustained virological ***,the effect of therapy may differ depending on the type of organ involved;neurological symptoms can be irreversible if there is organic liver *** aim of this review is to provide a critical overview of physiopathological mechanisms,diagnostic and therapeutic strategies of the neurological and psychiatric effects of HCV infection.

关键词： Hepatitis C virus Neurological disorders Psychiatric disorders Antiviral therapy Quality of life Hepatic encephalopathy

Sarcopenia and cognitive impairment in liver cirrhosis: A viewpoint on the clinical impact of minimal hepatic encephalopathy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第35期25卷 5257-5265页

作者： Silvia Nardelli Stefania Gioia Jessica Faccioli Oliviero riggio Lorenzo Ridola Department of Translational and Precision Medicine "Sapienza" University of Rome

Minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) represents the mildest type of hepatic encephalopathy (HE). MHE is considered as a preclinical stage of HE and is part of a wide spectrum of typical neurocognitive alterations characteristic of patients with liver cirrhosis, particularly involving the areas of attention, alertness, response inhibition, and executive functions. MHE can be detected by testing the patients’ psychometric performance, attention, working memory, psychomotor speed, and visuospatial ability, as well as by means of electrophysiological and other functional brain measures. MHE is very frequent, affecting from 20% up to 80% of patients tested, depending of the diagnostic tools used. Although subclinical, MHE is considered to be clinically relevant. In fact, MHE has been related to the patients’ falls, fitness to drive, and working ability. As a consequence, MHE affects the patients and caregivers lives by altering their quality of life and even their socioeconomic status. Recently sarcopenia, a very common condition in patients with advanced liver disease, has been shown to be strictly related to both minimal and overt HE. Aim of this review is to summarize the most recently published evidences about the emerging relationship between sarcopenia and cognitive impairment in cirrhotic patients and provide suggestions for future research.

关键词： Minimal hepatic encephalopathy Cognitive impairment Sarcopenia Muscle alterations Cirrhosis

Hepatitis C virus eradication with directly acting antivirals improves health-related quality of life and psychological symptoms

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第48期25卷 6928-6938页

作者： Silvia Nardelli Oliviero riggio Davide Rosati Stefania Gioia Alessio Farcomeni Lorenzo Ridola Department of Translational and Precision Medicine “Sapienza”University of RomeRome 00185Italy Department of Economics&Finance University of Rome“Tor Vergata”Rome 00185Italy

BACKGROUND Alterations in health-related quality of life(HRQoL)and neuropsychological disorders were described in the hepatitis C virus(HCV)*** several studies investigated the modifications of HRQoL after HCV eradication,no data exists on the modifications of neuropsychological *** To investigate the effect of directly acting antivirals(DAAs)treatment on HRQoL and neuropsychological *** Thirty nine patients with HCV infection underwent a neuropsychological assessment,including Zung-Self Depression-Rating-Scale,Spielberg State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Y1-Y2 and the Toronto-Alexithymia Scale-20 items before and after DAAs *** was detected by Short-Form-36(SF-36).RESULTS All HRQoL domains,but role limitation physical and bodily pain,significantly improved after ***,after DAAs treatment,all domains of HRQoL returned similar to those of *** neuropsychological test significantly improved after HCV eradication.A significant correlation was observed among each psychological test and the summary components of *** multiple linear regression analysis including each psychological test as possible covariates,Zung-Self Depression Rating Scale(Zung-SDS)score was independently and significantly related to summary components of the SF-36 in the basal state and the difference between Zung-SDS score before and after treatment was the only variable significantly and independently related to the modification of HRQoL induced by the *** Neuropsychological symptoms strongly influenced HRQoL in HCV patients and there was a significant improvement of neuropsychological tests and HRQoL after DAAs treatment.

关键词： Hepatitis C virus Health related quality of life Depression State and trait anxiety Alexithymia Directly acting antivirals

Efficacy of current guidelines for the treatment of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in the clinical practice

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第17期14卷 2757-2762页

作者： Stefania Angeloni Cinzia Leboffe Antonella Parente Mario Venditti Alessandra Giordano Manuela Merli Oliviero riggio Department of Clinical Medicine "Sapienza" University of Rome Department of Public Health "Sapienza" University of Rome

AIM： To verify the validity of the International Ascites Club guidelines for treatment of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis （SBP） in clinical practice. METHODS： All SBP episodes occurring in a group of consecutive cirrhotics were managed accordingly and included in the study. SBP was diagnosed when the ascitic fluid polymorphonuclear （PIN） cell count was 〉 250 cells/mm^3, and empirically treated with cefotaxime. RESULTS： Thirty-eight SBP episodes occurred in 32 cirrhotics （22 men/20 women; mean age： 58.6 ＋ 22.2 years）. Prevalence of SBP, in our population, was 27%. Ascitic fluid culture was positive in nine （24%） cases only. Eleven episodes were nosocomial and 71% community-acquired. Treatment with cefotaxime was successful in 59% of cases, while 41% of episodes required a modification of the initial antibiotic therapy because of a less-than 25% decrease in ascitic PMN count at 48 h. Change of antibiotic therapy led to the resolution of infection in 87% of episodes. Among the cases with positive culture, the initial antibiotic therapy with cefotaxime failed at a percentage （44%） similar to that of the whole series. In these cases, the isolated organisms were either resistant or with an inherent insufficient susceptibility to cefotaxime. CONCLUSION： In clinical practice, ascitic PMN count is a valid tool for starting a prompt antibiotic treatment andevaluating its efficacy. The initial treatment with cefotaxime failed more frequently than expected. An increase in healthcare-related infections with antibiotic-resistant pathogens may explain this finding. A different first-line antibiotic treatment should be investigated.

关键词： Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis Cefotaxi-me Antibiotic-resistant pathogens Ascitic polymorpho-nuclear count Cirrhosis