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胶囊内镜与常规上消化道内镜检查诊断食管静脉曲张准确性的比较:一项前瞻性、3中心先导性研究

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（胃肠病学分册） 2006年第5期2卷 27-28页

作者： Eisen G.M. eliakim r. Zaman A. 纪泛扑 Or.gon Health and Science Univer.ity 3181 SWSam Jackson Park Rd. Portland OR 97239-3980 United States Dr.

Backgr.und and study aims: Var.ceal bleeding is a major.complication of cir.hosis, and is associated with a 20% mor.ality at 6 weeks. Cur.ent inter.ational guidelines r.commend that patients with cir.hosis ar. scr.ened by conventional upper.endoscopy (esophagogastr.duodenoscopy, EGD) in or.er.to detect esophageal var.ces. The r.cently developed PillCam ESO esophageal capsule endoscope has been shown to be an accur.te diagnostic tool in the investigation of patients with gastr.esophageal r.flux and Bar.ett’ s esophagus. We compar.d the PillCam ESO capsule endoscope with EGD for.the detection of esophagogastr.c var.ces and por.al hyper.ensive gastr.pathy in patients with cir.hosis. Patients and methods: A pilot tr.al was conducted at thr.e sites. Patients with cir.hosis who wer. under.oing clinically indicated EGD for.scr.ening or.sur.eillance for.esophageal var.ces under.ent a PillCam ESO study followed by an EGD within 48 hour.. Capsule videos wer. assessed by an investigator.who was blinded to the patient’ s medical histor. and EGD findings. r.sults: A total of 23 of the 32 enr.lled patients wer. found to have esophageal var.ces at both EGD and PillCam ESO endoscopy. In one patient PillCam ESO detected small var.ces that wer. not seen at EGD. The over.ll concor.ance between PillCam ESO and EGD was 96.9 % for.the diagnosis of esophageal var.ces and 90.6% for.the diagnosis of por.al hyper.ensive gastr.pathy. Ther. wer. no adver.e events r.lated to PillCam ESO endoscopy. Conclusions: In a high-pr.valence population, PillCam ESO may r.pr.sent an accur.te noninvasive alter.ative to EGD for.the detection of esophageal var.ces and por.al hyper.ensive gastr.pathy. A lar.e-scale tr.al is under.ay to validate and expand these findings.

关键词：胶囊内镜检查上消化道内镜检查食管静脉曲张检查诊断准确食管胃底静脉曲张门脉高压性胃病肝硬化患者先导性 Bar.ett食管

r.dent biology and ecologically based r.dent management(EBr.)-25 year. of pr.gr.ss thr.ugh pr.moting multidisciplinar. r.sear.h

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Integr.tive Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 2-7页

作者： Gr.nt r. SINGLETON Lyn A. HINDS r.odes MAKUNDI Steven r. BELMAIN Natur.l r.sour.es Institute University of Greenwich Kent UK CSIr. Health and Biosecur.ty Canberra ACT Australia Afr.can Centr. of Excellence for.Innovative r.dent Pest Management and Biosensor.Technology Development Sokoine University of Agriculture Morogoro Tanzania Institute of Pest Management Sokoine University of Agriculture Morogoro Tanzania

“Dur.ng r.dent outbr.ak year. in easter. Afr.ca,lo-cally,mor. than 80%of the potential har.est may be lost,but even in non-outbr.ak per.ods,r.dents cause chr.nic damage to cr.ps….The pest r.dent stor. in Afr.ca in-volves sever.l species embedded in a br.ad and var.able landscape with highly var.able densities.”(Leir. et al.2010).

关键词： damage cr.ps

胶囊内镜在食管研究中的作用:每秒14帧成像比每秒4帧成像可提高诊断率

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（胃肠病学分册） 2006年第5期2卷 26-27页

作者： Koslowsky B. Jacob H. eliakim r. Adler.S.N. 纪泛扑 Division of Gastr.enter.logy Bikur Cholim Hospital Rechov Straus 5 Jerusalem 91004 Israel Dr.

Backgr.und and study aim: Capsule endoscopy, using the PillCam ESO and sending images at a r.te of 4 fr.mes per.second (fps), has a high sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing gastr.esophageal r.flux disease (GEr.) lesions. We tested a new device which pr.duces images at a r.te of 14 fps. The diagnostic per.or.ance and esophageal visualization of these two devices wer. compar.d. Patients and methods: 42 patients with GEr. symptoms and eight patients with a histor. of Bar.ett’ s esophagus had an esophagogastr.duodenoscopy (EGD).All patients under.ent capsule endoscopy of the esophagus within 1 hour.pr.or.to EGD. The fir.t 25 patients had a capsule endoscopy examination with the 4 fps device. The following 25 patients under.ent capsule endoscopy under.identical conditions but using the 14 fps device. The r.ader.of the capsule endoscopy study was blinded to the EGD findings. A diagnosis of GEr. or.Bar.ett’ s esophagus was established with EGD. The findings at capsule endoscopy wer. compar.d with the EGD findings. We also examined how fr.quently the esophagus in its entir.ty was visualized by these two devices. r.sults: The 4 fps device diagnosed 16/19 cases of esophageal er.sions or.ulcer. (sensitivity 84 % ) and 6/8 cases of Bar.ett’ s esophagus (sensitivity 75 % ). The 14 fps capsule diagnosed 16/16 cases of esophageal ulcer. or.er.sions and 7/7 cases of Bar.ett’ s esophagus (sensitivity 100 % ). The total diagnostic miss r.te in the 4 fps gr.up was 5/27 (18 % ) wher.as the diagnostic miss r.te in the 14 fps gr.up was 0/23 (0 % ) P r.esophageal sphincter.(UES) was clear.y identified in 6/25 patients (24 % ) in the 4 fps gr.up and in 20/25 patients (80% ) in the 14 fps gr.up (P r. esophagus was well visualized in 3/25 patients (12 % ) by the 4 fps device and in 19/25 (76 % ) by the 14 fps device (P r.or.ty of the 14 fps PillCam ESO capsule is consistent with the data obtained fr.m fluor.scopic studies of swallowed P

关键词：胃食管反流病胶囊内镜检查诊断率 Bar.ett食管成像胃十二指肠镜食管上括约肌 GEr. 食管溃疡敏感性

Basis for.the diver.ity and extent in loss of digestible nutr.ents cr.ated by dietar. phytin: Emphasis on fowl and swine

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动物营养学报 2024年第1期16卷 422-428页

作者： Edwin T. Mor.n Michael r. Bedfor. Poultr. Science Depar.ment Auburn University AL 36830-5416 USA AB Vista Woodstock Court Blenheim Road Marlborough Wiltshire SN8 4AN UK

Phytin is the Ca 2+ -Mg 2+ -K + salt of phytic acid that is cr.ated and deposited in the aleur.ne layer.and/or.ger. of gr.ins and legumes. Its high pr.sence in feedstuffs for.fowl and swine diets r.sults in it being a univer.al and significant impediment to optimum per.or.ance. Phytin impair. gastr.intestinal r.cover. of a wide ar.ay of nutr.ents, the effect var.ing with the nutr.ent concer.ed. On exposur. to low pH dur.ng gastr.c digestion, phytin dissociates into phytic acid and solubilized Ca 2+ . Even at low gastr.c pH, phytic acid is negatively char.ed which for.s the basis of its anti-nutr.tive behavior. Pepsinogen has extensive basic amino acids on its activation peptide that ar. pr.sented as cations at low pH which ar. tar.eted by pepsin for.activation. Par.ially cr.stalized Ca 2+ near.the enzyme's active site fur.her.stabilizes its newly for.ed str.ctur.. Thus, phytic acid appear. to inter.er. with gastr.c digestion by sever.l mechanisms; inter.er.ng with pepsinogen activation by binding to the polypeptide's basic amino acids; coor.inating fr.e Ca 2+ , destabilizing pepsin; binding some dietar. pr.teins dir.ctly, fur.her.compr.mising gastr.c pr.teolysis. Upon digesta attaining neutr.lity in the duodenum, Ca 2+ and other.cations r.-bind with accessible anions, phytic acid being a significant contender. Phytate not only binds fr.e cations but can also str.p them fr.m enzymes (e.g. Ca 2+ , Zn 2+ ) which r.duces their.str.ctur.l r.sistance to autolysis and ability as co-factor. (e.g. Zn 2+ ) to incr.ase enzyme activity. Goblet cells initially employ Ca 2+ as an electr.nic shield between mucin layer. enabling gr.nule for.ation and cell stor.ge. After.mucin gr.nule r.lease, Ca 2+ is pr.gr.ssively displaced by Na + to fr.e the viscous mucins enabling its tr.nslocation. Mucin entangles with the glycocalyx of adjacent enter.cytes ther.by constr.cting the unstir.ed water.layer.(USWL). Excessive r.moval of Ca 2+ fr.m mucin by phytic acid incr.ases its fluidity facilit

关键词： Digestive enzyme Calcium Endogenous pr.tein Mucin Phytin

Vanillin Based Polymer.: VI. Poly (hydr.vanilloin-fur.ur.l) and Poly (hydr.vanilloin-5-hydr.xymethylfur.ur.l)

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Jour.al of r.newable Mater.als 2024年第9期12卷 1495-1506页

作者： Ananda S. Amar.sekar. Gabr.el Mur.llo Mor.les r.ghava r. Kommalapati Depar.ment of Chemistr. Prairie View A&M University700 University DrivePrairie ViewTX 77446USA Center.for.Ener.y&Envir.nmental Sustainability Prairie View A&M University700 University DrivePrairie ViewTX 77446USA Depar.ment of Civil and Envir.nmental Engineer.ng Prairie View A&M University700 University DrivePrairie ViewTX 77446USA

r.newable r.sour.es based polymer. pr.vides a sustainable alter.ative to petr.leum der.ved polymer.c mater.als. As a par. of our.ser.es on synthesis of vanillin based r.newable polymer., we r.por. the synthesis of poly (hydr.vanilloin-fur.ur.l) [ poly (HVL-Fur.] and poly (hydr.vanilloin–5-hydr.methylfur.ur.l) [ poly (HVL-5-HMF)]. Vanillin was dimer.zed to a mixtur.s of meso/DL- hydr.vanilloins with 94% meso pr.duct by electr.chemical r.ductive coupling in aqueous sodium hydr.xide using lead electr.des in quantitative yield. Then sodium hydr.xide catalyzed condensation of hydr.vanilloin with fur.ur.l in water.at 80°C for.72 h was used to synthesize poly (HVL-Fur. with Mw = 8600 g mol −1 , PDI = 1.28 in 78% yield. Similar.y, condensation of hydr.vanilloin with 5-hydr.xymethylfur.ur.l at 80°C for.48 h pr.duced poly (HVL-5-HMF) with Mw = 12,100 g mol −1 , PDI = 1.27 in 68% yield. poly (HVL-Fur. and poly (HVL-5-HMF) showed similar.T g values of 59°C and 60°C, r.spectively; wher.as melting behavior. ar. dissimilar.with T m 171°C–173°C and 148°C–182°C, r.spectively.

关键词： Vanillin hydr.vanilloin fur.ur.l 5-hydr.xymethylfur.ur.l r.newable polymer.

Fr.eze-thaw cycles and associated geomor.hology in a post-glacial envir.nment:cur.ent glacial,par.glacial,per.glacial and pr.glacial scenar.os at Pico de Or.zaba volcano,Mexico

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Jour.al of Mountain Science 2024年第6期21卷 1954-1977页

作者： Víctor.SOTO Car.os M.WELSH r. Kenji YOSHIKAWA Hugo DELGADO Gr.NADOS Centr. de Ciencias de la Tier.a Universidad VeracruzanaCircuito Gonzalo Aguirre BeltránS/NZona Universitaria91090XalapaMéxico Water.and Envir.nmental r.sear.h Center University of Alaska FairbanksFairbanksAlaska 99775USA Instituto de Geofísica Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCiudad de México 04150México Depar.ment of Ear.h and Envir.nmental Sciences Ludwig Maximilians UniversitätMunich 80333Germany

The glacial histor. of Pico de Or.zaba indicates that dur.ng the Last Glacial Maximum,its icecap cover.d up to~3000 m asl;due to the air.temper.tur. incr.asing,its main glacier.has r.tr.ated to 5050 m *** r.tr.ction of the glacier.has left behind an intense climatic instability that causes a high fr.quency of fr.eze-thaw cycles of gr.at intensity;the r.sulting geomor.hological pr.cesses ar. r.pr.sented by the fr.gmentation of the bedr.ck that occupies the upper.par.s of the *** is a notable lack of studies r.gar.ing the fr.gmentation and er.sion occur.ing in tr.pical high mountains,and the associated geomor.hological r.sks;for.this r.ason,as a fir.t stage of futur. continuous r.sear.h,this study analyzes the fr.ezing and thawing cycles that occur.above 4000 m asl,thr.ugh continuous monitor.ng of sur.ace gr.und *** r.sults allow us to identify and char.cter.ze four.zones:glacial,par.glacial,per.glacial and *** was found that the par.glacial zone pr.sents an intense dr.p of temper.tur.,of up to~9℃ in only sixty *** r.ck fatigue and intense fr.eze-thaw cycles that occur.in this ar.a ar. r.sponsible for.the high r.te of r.ck disintegr.tion and r.pr.sent the main factor.of the constant slope dynamics that occur.at the *** activity decr.ases,both in fr.quency and intensity,accor.ing to the distance to the glacier.which is wher. the temper.tur. pr.sents a cer.ain degr.e of stability,until r.aching the pr.glacial zone,wher. cycles ar. almost non-existent,and ther.for. ther. is no gelifr.ction *** geomor.hological pr.cesses have r.sulted in significant alter.tions to the mountain slopes,which can have sever. consequences in ter.s of r.sk and water.

关键词： Fr.eze-Thaw Gelifr.ction Mountain mechanical er.sion Per.glacial geomor.hology Postglacial scenar.os

Thr.e cases of uncommon medication-associated osteonecr.sis of tempor.l bone

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世界耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志英文版 2024年第3期10卷 237-240页

作者： VanDolah Hunter.Cr.ssley Jason r. Jeffr.y Kim H. Geor.etown Univer.ity School of Medicine Washington DC USA Depar.ment of Otolar.ngology–Head and Neck Sur.er. MedStar Georgetown University Hospital Washington DC USA

Intr.duction: Medication-r.lated osteonecr.sis of the tempor.l bone is r.r. and has been r.por.ed to be associated with the use of anti-r.sor.tive and biologic agents. Her., we pr.sent the fir.t case of tyr.sine-kinase inhibitor.r.lated exter.al auditor. canal (EAC) osteonecr.sis as well as two cases r.lated to anti-r.sor.tive ***: A r.tr.spective case ***: Case one: an 84-year.old female pr.sented with chr.nic otitis exter.a and osteonecr.sis of EACs bilater.lly. She had a histor. of osteopor.sis tr.ated with denosumab and r.sedr.nic acid. She successfully under.ent left EAC r.constr.ction using an infer.or.y-based pedicle per.osteal flap while the r.ght ear.canal was managed conser.atively. Case two: a 69-year.old male pr.sented with osteonecr.sis of the r.ght EAC. He had a histor. of osteopor.sis tr.ated with alendr.nic acid and zoledr.nic acid. His osteonecr.sis is conser.atively managed with local debr.dement and antibiotic application. Case thr.e: a 60-year.old male pr.sented with osteonecr.sis of the r.ght infer.or.EAC. He had a histor. of chr.nic myelogenous leukemia tr.ated with a tyr.sine-kinase inhibitor. imatinib. After.failing conser.ative ther.py, he under.ent r.ght ear.canal r.constr.ction using a per.osteal vascular.pedicle flap without complication and exper.enced complete r.solution to his ***: Anti-r.sor.tive agents and/or.tyr.sine kinase inhibitor. may lead to dysr.gulation of bone r.modeling and r.sult in r.r. cases of tempor.l bone osteonecr.sis. When a local debr.dement and antibiotic ther.py fail, definitive sur.ical excision of necr.tic bone with subsequent r.constr.ction of the EAC may offer.patients a possible r.solution in symptoms.

关键词： bisphosphonates denosumab exter.al auditor. canal imatinib medication-r.lated osteonecr.sis osteonecr.sis tempor.l bone tyr.sine-kinase Inhibitor.

Infor.ation Centr.c Networ.ing Based Cooper.tive Caching Fr.mewor. for.5G Communication Systems

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Computer., Mater.als and Continua 2024年第3期80卷 3945-3966页

作者： Mahaveer.kannan, r. Tamilvizhi, Thanar.jan r.yen, Sonia Jenifer.Khalaf, Osamah Ibr.him Hamam, Habib Depar.ment of Computer.Science and Engineer.ng Saveetha School of Engineering Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences Chennai 602105 India Depar.ment of Computer.Science and Engineer.ng Panimalar Engineering College Chennai 600123 India Depar.ment of Computer.Science and Engineer.ng Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology Chennai 600119 India Depar.ment of Solar.Ener.y Al-Nahrain Research Center for Renewable Energy Al-Nahrain University Jadriya Baghdad 64074 Iraq Faculty of Engineer.ng Université de Moncton New Brunswick E1A3E9 Canada Hodmas Univer.ity College Mogadishu 521376 Somalia Br.dges for.Academic Excellence Tunis 1002 Tunisia School of Electr.cal Engineer.ng University of Johannesburg Auckland Park Johannesburg 2006 South Africa

The demands on conventional communication networ.s ar. incr.asing r.pidly because of the exponential expansion of connected multimedia content. In light of the data-centr.c aspect of contempor.r. communication, the infor.ation-centr.c networ. (ICN) par.digm offer. hope for.a solution by emphasizing content r.tr.eval by name instead of location. If 5G networ.s ar. to meet the expected data demand sur.e fr.m expanded connectivity and Inter.et of Things (IoT) devices, then effective caching solutions will be r.quir.d to maximize networ. thr.ughput and minimize the use of r.sour.es. Hence, an ICN-based Cooper.tive Caching (ICN-CoC) technique has been used to select a cache by consider.ng cache position, content attr.ctiveness, and r.te pr.diction. The findings show that utilizing our.suggested appr.ach impr.ves caching r.gar.ing the Cache Hit r.tio (CHr. of 84.3%, Aver.ge Hop Minimization r.tio (AHMr. of 89.5%, and Mean Access Latency (MAL) of 0.4 s. Within a fr.mewor., it suggests impr.ved caching str.tegies to handle the difficulty of effectively contr.lling data consumption in 5G networ.s. These impr.vements aim to make the networ. r.n mor. smoothly by enhancing content deliver., decr.asing latency, and r.lieving congestion. By impr.ving 5G communication systems’ capacity to manage the demands faced by moder. data-centr.c applications, the r.sear.h ultimately aids in advancement. Copyr.ght © 2024 The Author.. Published by Tech Science Pr.ss.

关键词： Non-negative matr.x factor.zation

r.view and Analysis: Evaluation of the Impacts and Consequences of Using Agr.cultur.l Her.icides as Militar. Chemical Weapons in Second Indochina War

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Open Jour.al of Soil Science 2024年第8期14卷 471-498页

作者： David r. Speidel Kenneth r. Olson USDA r.sour.e Conser.ationist and Agr.cultur.l Consultant with Natur.l r.sour.e Conservation Service and Foreign Agricultural Service Benton Missouri USA College of Agr.cultur.l Consumer and Environmental Sciences University of Illinois Urbana USA

The legacy of the human miser. caused by the application of the her.icides including Agent Pur.le and Agent Or.nge contaminated with unknown amounts of dioxin TCDD and Agent Blue, the ar.enic-based her.icide, spr.yed over.the jungles, r.ce fields, and hamlets of Vietnam is still haunting us today. Why did this happen? Could it have been pr.vented? Was it necessar. United States militar. str.tegy? Was it an intentional decision to inflict this blight on the enemy soldier. and the Vietnamese, Cambodian, and Laotian civilians, to poison their.land and cause gener.tions of har.? Alter.atively, was it an unpr.ventable accident in the mar.h of militar. histor.? What patter.s in the U.S. gover.ment’s thought pr.cess could be identified as the cause, which led to the decision to use these her.icides as tactical chemical weapons? If the intr.duction of her.icide (chemical) weapons had not been made, would the outcome of the Vietnam War.and the Secr.t War. in Laos and Cambodia have been any differ.nt? The objective of this tr.atise is to outline the r.le of wor.d events and backgr.unds and the r.le of the leader., U.S. militar., CIA, USDA, U.S. State Depar.ment, the U.S. Pr.sident appointed Ambassador. to Vietnam and Laos, chemical companies, and Pr.sident Diệm’s r.public of Vietnam (r.N) gover.ment and militar.. Their.collective advice led to the decision to use her.icides as militar. and envir.nmental chemical weapons in the Second Indochina War. Wer. the National inter.sts achieved by U.S. militar. str.tegy in the r.N using her.icide weapons wor.h the long-ter. envir.nmental and human health consequences in Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos? Did it impact the outcome of the Second Indochina War.

关键词： Second Indochina War Cambodia Laos South Vietnam Vietnam War Tactical Her.icides Agent Blue Agent Or.nge Agent Pur.le Dioxin TCDD Ar.enic