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Abandoned corrals: colonization and vegetation recovery of ephemeral habitats in silvo-pastoral systems

Journal of Plant Ecology 2020年第6期13卷 722-731页

作者： Arie Vinograd eli zaady Jaime Kigel Institute of Plant Science and Genetics in Agriculture Robert H.Smith Faculty of AgricultureFood and EnvironmentHebrew University of JerusalemRehovot 76100Israel Department of Natural Resources Gilat Research CenterAROMobile Post Negev 85280Israel

Aims Management of silvo-pastoral systems in planted and natural forests in semi-arid Mediterranean regions often employs seasonal night corrals for animal *** management system changes the spatial distribution of animal excreta,resulting in a net transfer of soil mineral resources and their accumulation in the *** abandonment,corrals are colonized by ruderal species,becoming focal sources for their spread in the *** aimed to implement a rational management of seasonal sheep corrals based on a better understanding of the vegetation processes occurring in abandoned corrals,in order to alleviate their negative impact in the *** Relationships between temporal changes in the vegetation,the soil seed-bank and levels of soil nutrients were studied in a chronosequence of abandoned sheep corrals and compared with nearby reference plots in planted Eucalyptus forests grazed by sheep in the semi-arid North-Western Negev,*** region has a bi-seasonal Mediterranean climate,with high dominance of annual species in the grazing *** Findings Abandoned sheep corrals were colonized by seeds of ruderals originating in older abandoned *** successional changes occur at a slow rate,driven by the depletion of soil resources in the abandoned corrals,and were still in progress 20 years after *** were gradually replaced,first by taller grasses and followed by short grasses,but most forbs and particularly geophytes did not recover during this *** of the original herbaceous vegetation in the corrals was through seed dispersal from the surrounding vegetation,not from the original soil seed-bank remaining in the corrals after *** species in the grazed,planted forests behave as patch-tracking *** persistency depends on constant creation of new corrals compensating for the gradually dwindling populations in older abandoned corrals,and on the availability of dispersa

关键词： metapopulation ruderals seasonal grazing seed-bank sheep succession

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Dead shrub patches as ecosystem engineers in degraded drylands

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2021年第8期31卷 1187-1204页

作者： Ilan STAVI eli zaady Alexander GUSAROV Hezi YIZHAQ Dead Sea and Arava Science Center Yotvata 88820Israel Eilat Campus Ben-Gurion University of the NegevEilat 88100Israel Department of Natural Resources Agricultural Research OrganizationGilat Research Center85280 NegevIsrael Department of Solar Energy and Environmental Physics Blaustein Institutes for Desert ResearchBen-Gurion University of the NegevSede Boqer Campus 84990Israel

A long-term drought has led to the mass mortality of shrubs in the semi-arid Israeli *** most impacted shrub species is the Noaea mucronata(Forssk.)*** *** a four-year study,we found that herbaceous vegetation growth was greater in the dead shrub patches than in the surrounding inter-patch biocrusted spaces,suggesting that the dead shrub patches encompass improved ***,unexpectedly,the soil moisture in the dead shrub patches was consistently lower than that of the inter-patch biocrusted *** the same time,soil quality in the dead shrub patches was higher than that in the inter-patch ***,it seems that the overall better soil conditions in the dead patches overcome the scarcity of soil-water,supporting increased herbaceous *** explaining the discrepancy between herbaceous vegetation and soil-water,we formulated a conceptual framework,which highlights the key factors that regulate soil-water dynamics in this dryland *** demonstrate that herbaceous vegetation is facilitated in the dead shrub patches by a legacy effect that takes place long after the shrubs have *** dead shrub patches encompass a unique form of ecosystem *** study highlights the complex and unpredicted impacts of prolonged droughts on dryland ecosystems.

关键词： allogenic ecosystem engineers climate change legacy mechanism patchy vegetation small-scale geodiversity vegetation transition

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Indices to monitor biological soil crust growth rate - lab and field experiments

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Natural Science 2011年第6期3卷 478-483页

作者： Avraham Dody Roni Hakmon Boaz Asaf eli zaady Nuclear Research Center-Negev Beer Sheva Israel

The aim of this work was to identify test meth-ods for accelerating growth of biological soil crust (BSC). The BSC in the Yamin Plateau in the north-east of the Negev Desert is composed of cyanobacteria such as microcoleus spp. nostoc spp. and others. Cyanobacteria are well adapted to dry environments, owing to their ability to survive desiccation, high temperatures and solar radiation. Since the BSC is a live component in the ecosystem, it can repair itself in the event of failures such as environmental disturbances by living things. In the lab, we used five different treatments and mediums: natural BSC, pure sand as reference, pure sand with spores and propagules, pure sand with whey, and pure sand with spores and propa-gules and whey. The spores were collected from specified collecting areas in the field. Each Petri dish was irrigated daily with 10 mL of double- distilled water. The testing period ran for 4.5 months with 10 samples taken from each treatment at 1.5 month intervals. The analyses criteria were: NDVI for chlorophyll content by remote sensing techniques, polysaccharide content, infiltration rate through the crust, pro-tein and organic content. The results showed that NDVI, polysaccharides and infiltration rates are good indicators for showing growth accel-eration of the crust;while protein and organic content were found to be less indicative. The treatments using whey for preliminary crust failed in the lab since cracks were observed, but succeeded in the field experiments. In the field, we measured only the chlorophyll content with a time interval of 20 months. The methodology of how to accelerate the growth of BSC was found to be effective.

关键词： Microcoleus Spp Spores NDVI Infiltration Rate Polysaccharides Content

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Indices to monitor biological soil crust growth rate - lab and field experiments

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Natural Science 2011年第6期

作者： Avraham Dody Roni Hakmon Boaz Asaf eli zaady

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