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Journal of Arid land 2018年第6期10卷 877-891页

作者： liliana BElOKOPYTOVA Dina ZHIRNOVA Tatiana KOSTYAKOVA elena BABUSHKINA Khakass Technical Institute Siberian Federal University

Regional tree-ring width chronology of the Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris l.) was constructed from 8 sites in the forest-steppe belt situated in the foothills of the Selenga River basin, Russia. Moisture information contained in tree-ring width chronology was obtained through linear regression reconstruction models of annual August–July precipitation and annual water discharge of the Selenga River during the period 1767–2015. Comparison of the smoothed series allowed estimating long-term variation component of these moisture regime parameters with a high precision. At the same time, regional drought indices are less correlated with pine radial growth, because they have contribution of the other environmental variables, which are much less reflected in the tree-ring of the investigated pine forest stands. Reconstructed dynamic of the moisture regime parameters is supported by documental evident of many socially significant events in the regional history, such as crop failures caused by both droughts and floods, and catastrophic fire in the Irkutsk City in 1879. Also, dependence of the amount of precipitation in the study area on the atmospheric circulation in Central Asia is revealed to have a similar pattern with other regions, i.e., a negative relationship of precipitation with the development of large high atmospheric pressure area within its center in the Altai and Tianshan mountains.

关键词： tree-ring width Pinus sylvestris climate hydrology precipitation reconstruction model

Predation pressure in maize across Europe and in Argentina: an intercontinental comparison

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Insect Science 2019年第3期26卷 545-554页

作者： Marco Ferrante Gabor l. lovei Serena Magagnoli lenka Minarcikova elena larisa Tomescu Giovanni Burgio ludovit Cagan Mihael Cristin Ichim Department of Agroecology Aarhus University Flakkebjerg Research Centre Forgssvej 1 DK4200 Slagelse Denmark Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie Area Entomologia Universita di Bologna Bologna Italy Department of Plant Protection Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources Slovak Agricultural University Tr. A. Hlinku 2 SK-949 76 Nitra Slovakia ANIRDBS/"Stejarul" Research Centre for Biological Sciences 6 Alexandru cel Bun St. Piatra Neamt 610004 Romania

Humankind draws important benefits from large-scale ecological processes termed ecosystem services, yet the status of several of them is declining. Reliable monitoring methods are essential for tracking the status of ecosystem services. Predation is the mainstay of natural pest control, a key ecosystem service. We used green plasticine caterpillars to monitor predation pressure, and to obtain baseline data on predator activity in transgenic Bt versus non-Bt maize fields in Old and New World countries. Predation pressure was measured at ground and canopy levels using an identical, small-plot experimental design in four European countries (Denmark, Slovakia, Romania and Italy) and Argentina. Total predation rate in maize was l l.7%d^-1 (min. 7.2%d^-1 in Argentina, max. 29.0%d^-1 in Romania). Artificial caterpillars were attacked both by invertebrates (mostly chewing insects with 42.0% of the attack marks, and ants with 7.1%, but also predatory and parasitoid wasps, spiders and slugs), and vertebrates (small mammals 25.5%, and birds 20.2%). Total predation at ground level (15.7%d^-1) was significantly higher than in maize canopies (6.0%d^-1) in all countries, except Argentina. We found no significant differences between predator pressure in Bt versus non-Bt maize plots. The artificial caterpillar method provided comparable, quantitative data on predation intensity, and proved to be suitable for monitoring natural pest control. This method usefully expands the existing toolkit by directly measuring ecological function rather than structure.

关键词： artificial caterpillars ecosystem services mortality sentinel prey transgenic plants

The opening of maitotoxin-sensitive calcium channels induces the acrosome reaction in human spermatozoa： differences from the zona pellucida

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2011年第1期13卷 159-165页

作者： lulio C Chaivez Gerardo A de Blas Josd l de la Vega-Beltran Takuya Nishigaki Mayel Chirinos Maria elena Gonzaez-Gonzalez Fernando larrea Alejandra Soiis Alberto Darszon Claudia l Trevino Department of Developmental Genetics and Molecular Physiology Biotechnology Institute UNAM Cuernavaca Mexico Department of Reproduction Biology National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition ＇Salvador Zubiran＇ Mexico City Mexico

acrosome 反应(AR ) ，为精子的一个绝对要求和卵熔化，通过电压依赖者 Ca2+ 隧道和操作店的隧道要求 Ca2+ 的流入进精子。Maitotoxin (MTx ) ，一个动员 Ca2+ 代理人，被显示了是老鼠精子 AR 的有势力 inducer 与类似于带 pellucida (Z... 详细信息

acrosome 反应(AR ) ，为精子的一个绝对要求和卵熔化，通过电压依赖者 Ca2+ 隧道和操作店的隧道要求 Ca2+ 的流入进精子。Maitotoxin (MTx ) ，一个动员 Ca2+ 代理人，被显示了是老鼠精子 AR 的有势力 inducer 与类似于带 pellucida (ZP ) 的药理学，可能为两 inducers 建议一条普通小径。使用的 recombinant 人 ZP3 (rhZP3 ) ，老鼠 ZP 和二 MTx 隧道 blockers (U73122 和 U73343 ) ，我们在人和老鼠精子调查了并且比较导致 MTx 、导致 ZP 的艺术。此处，我们报导 MTx 导致了 AR 并且提高了细胞内部的 Ca2+([Ca2+] 我) 在人的精子，哪个被 U73122 和 U73343 堵住。这二混合物也在老鼠精子禁止了导致 MTx 的 AR。在有我们的以前的建议的争论， AR 由 rhZP3 被触发或老鼠 ZP 没被 U73343 堵住，显示在人和老鼠精子，由生理的 ligands 或由 MTx 的 AR 正式就职通过不同小径发生了。U73122，然而并非 U73343 (不活跃的类似物) ，能堵住 phospholipase C (PlC ) 。另一个 PlC 禁止者， edelfosine，也堵住了导致 rhZP3 、导致 ZP 的艺术。这些调查结果在人和老鼠带证实了一条 PlC 依赖的发信号小径的参予导致蛋白质的 AR。尤其是， edelfosine 也禁止了导致 MTx 的老鼠精子 AR 然而并非人的，建议导致毒素的 AR 在老鼠是 PlC 依赖的并且在人 PlC 独立。

关键词：卵透明带顶体反应钙通道精子人类急性放射病甲氨喋呤敏感

Effects of long-term medieval agriculture on soil properties:A case study from the Kislovodsk basin,Northern Caucasus,Russia

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Journal of Mountain Science 2018年第6期15卷 1171-1185页

作者： chernysheva elena khomutova tatiana fornasier flavio kuznetsova tatiana borisov alexandr institute of physicochemical and biological problems in soil science russian academy of scienceslnstitutskaya 2142290 PushchinoMoscow regionRussia crea–ve consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi della economia agraria centro di ricerca viticoltura ed enologiaVia Trieste 2334170 GoriziaItaly

The chemical properties and biological activities of soils were studied in the vicinity of the medieval settlement Podkumskoe-3 in the Kislovodsk basin(Northern Caucasus, Russia). Between the 5 th and 8 th centuries this area was ploughed regularly, but it was then abandoned up to the present day. It has been established that past human activity leads to soil undergoing significant transformations in terms of microbial communities and enzyme activity, and that such changes are maintained over long periods. long-term manuring in the middle of the first millennium AD led to an increase in organic carbon content and the accumulation of nitrate nitrogen. Soils of ancient abandoned fields are associated with increases in microbial biomass, number of saprotrophic bacteria, urease activity, and fungal mycelium biomass. The observed changes in the microbiological and biochemical properties of soil were conditioned by secondary anthropogenically induced succession after the abandonment of arable lands.

关键词：土壤性质北高加索俄国农业案例生物资源生物活动化学性质

Osteogenesis imperfecta mutations in plastin 3 lead to impaired calcium regulation of actin bundling

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Bone Research 2020年第3期8卷 320-332页

作者： Christopher l.Schwebach elena Kudryashova Weili Zheng Matthew Orchard Harper Smith lucas A.Runyan Edward H.Egelman Dmitri S.Kudryashov Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology graduate program The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVA 22908USA Biophysics graduate program The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA

Mutations in actin-bundling protein plastin 3(PlS3)emerged as a cause of congenital osteoporosis,but neither the role of PlS3 in bone development nor the mechanisms underlying PlS3-dependent osteoporosis are *** the over 20 identified osteoporosis-linked PlS3 mutations,we investigated all five that are expected to produce full-length *** of the mutations distorted an actin-binding loop in the second actin-binding domain of PlS3 and abolished F-actin bundling as revealed by cryo-EM reconstruction and protein interaction ***,the remaining four mutants fully retained F-actin bundling ***,they displayed defects in Ca2+sensitivity:two of the mutants lost the ability to be inhibited by Ca2+;while the other two became hypersensitive to *** group of the mutants with similar biochemical properties showed highly characteristic cellular ***-type PlS3 was distributed between lamellipodia and focal *** striking contrast,the Ca2+-hyposensitive mutants were not found at the leading edge but localized exclusively at focal adhesions/stress fibers,which displayed reinforced ***,the Ca2+-hypersensitive PlS3 mutants were restricted to lamellipodia,while chelation of Ca2+caused their redistribution to focal ***,the bundling-deficient mutant failed to co-localize with any F-actin structures in cells despite a preserved F-actin binding through a non-mutation-bearing actin-binding *** findings revealed that severe osteoporosis can be caused by a mutational disruption of the Ca2+-controlled PlS3’s cycling between adhesion complexes and the leading *** of the structural,biochemical,and cell biology insights enabled us to propose a molecular mechanism of plastin activity regulation by Ca2+.

关键词： cycling impaired striking

Carbon coating of air-sensitive insulating transition metal fluorides:An example study on α-li3FeF6 high-performance cathode for lithium ion batteries

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2020年第20期52卷 107-115页

作者： Anna Basa Sławomir Wojtulewski Beata Kalska-Szostko Maciej Perkowski elena Gonzalo Olga Chernyayeva Alois Kuhn Flaviano García-Alvarado Institute of Chemistry University of Bialystokul.K.Ciolkowskiego 1K15-245 BialystokPoland Departamento de Química y Bioquímica Facultad de FarmaciaUniversidad CEU San Pablo28668 Boadilla del MonteMadridSpain Polish Institute of Physical Chemistry Kasprzaka St.44/5201-224 WarsawPoland CIC Energigune Parque Tecnologico de Alava01510 MinanoAlavaSpain

li_(3)FeF_(6)has been the focus of research of fluorine-based cathode materials for lithium-ion *** of the low electronic conductivity of li3 FeF6,the decrease of particle size,by an energyconsuming long-time ball milling process with carbon,is necessary to achieve a high electrochemical *** most successful method to enhance electrochemical activity,carbon coating,seemed to be impracticable,so far,for sensitive fluorides like li3 *** this work,carbon coating on li3 FeF6 particles has been successfully achieved for the first time,while avoiding both extended hydrolysis and Fe(Ⅲ)-Fe(Ⅱ)*** heat treatment and atmosphere,yielding the maximal transformation of organic carbon to both graphitised and disordered carbon,has been *** coating,with a thickness of approximately 2.5 nm,has been achieved by controlled thermal decomposition of glucose,under air,at 300℃.Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)experiments have proved the existence of carbon and Fe2O3 on the surface of li3FeF6 *** spectroscopy indicates the presence of organic residues from glucose *** to further reduce the orga nic carbon content results in a decrease of the amorphous carbon coating *** carbon-coated li3 FeF6 nanoparticles deliver 122 mA h g^(-1)(85%of theoretical capacity)significantly higher than that of a noncoated sample(58 mA h g^(-1)).Even more,a significant beneficial effect of carbon coating on both capacity retention and coulombic efficiency is observed.

关键词： lithium iron fluoride Hydrolysable fluoride lithium battery Cathode Carbon coating

Predictors of bowel damage in the long-term progression of Crohn’s disease

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2022年第33期10卷 12208-12220页

作者： Agnes Fernández-Clotet Julian Panés elena Ricart Jesús Castro-Poceiro Maria Carme Masamunt Sonia Rodríguez Berta Caballol Ingrid Ordás Jordi Rimola Department of Gastroenterology Hospital ClinicBarcelona 08036Spain Universitat de Barcelona Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer(IDIBAPS)Barcelona 08036Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas CIBEREHDMadrid 28029Spain Department of Radiology Hospital ClinicBarcelona 08036Spain

BACKGROUND Crohn’s disease(CD)is a chronic inflammatory bowel disorder that progresses to bowel damage(BD)over *** image-based index,the lémann index(lI),has been developed to measure cumulative *** To characterize the long-term progression of BD in CD based on changes in the lI and to determine risk factors for long-term *** This was a single-center longitudinal cohort *** who had participated in prospective studies on the accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging using endoscopy as a gold standard and who had a follow-up of at least 5 years were reevaluated after 5-12 *** Seventy-two patients were *** increased in 38 patients(52.8%),remained unchanged in 9 patients(12.5%),and decreased in 25 patients(34.7%).The small bowel score and surgery subscale significantly increased(P=0.002 and P=0.001,respectively),whereas the fistulizing subscale significantly decreased(P=0.001).Baseline parameters associated with BD progression were ileal location(P=0.026),CD phenotype[stricturing,fistulizing,or both(P=0.007,P=0.006,and P=0.035,respectively)],disease duration>10 years(P=0.019),and baseline lI stricturing score(P=0.049).No correlation was observed between BD progression and baseline clinical activity,biological markers,or severity of endoscopic *** BD,as assessed by the lI,progressed in half of the patients with CD over a period of 5-12 *** main determinants of BD progression were ileal location,stricturing/fistulizing phenotype,and disease duration.

关键词： Crohn’s disease lémann index Bowel damage Inflammatory bowel disease Magnetic resonance imaging

On the diversity of fungi from soda soils

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Fungal Diversity 2016年第1期76卷 27-74页

作者： Alexey A.Grum-Grzhimaylo Marina l.Georgieva Sofiya A.Bondarenko Alfons J.M.Debets elena N.Bilanenko laboratory of Genetics Plant Sciences GroupWageningen UniversityDroevendaalsesteeg 16708 PB WageningenThe Netherlands Gause Institute of New Antibiotics Federal State Budgetary Scientific InstitutionBol’shaya Pirogovskaya 11119021 MoscowRussia Faculty of Biology Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityLeninskie Gory 1-12119234 MoscowRussia

The diversity of filamentous fungi that can grow at high ambient pH values(i.e.,8–11)remains largely *** we study 100 alkalitolerant and alkaliphilic isolates from the soils around the basin of soda lakes in Asia and Africa to assess the major evolutionary lineages and morphologies pertinent to the alkaliphilic trait in filamentous *** Emericellopsis lineage(Hypocreales,Hypocreomycetidae),along with Plectosphaerellaceae(Hypocreomycetidae),Pleosporaceae(Dothideomycetes),Chaetomiaceae(Sordariomycetidae)families appeared to be overrepresented with strong alkalitolerants and effective *** particular,Sodiomyces species(Plectosphaerellaceae),Acrostalagmus luteoalbus(Plectosphaerellaceae),Emericellopsis alkalina(Hypocreales),Thielavia sp.(Chaetomiaceae),and Alternaria ***(Pleosporaceae)grew best at high ambient *** pH tolerance of Chordomyces antarcticum,Acrostalagmus luteoalbus and some other species was largely affected by the presence of extra Na+in the growth *** alkalitolerants included Scopulariopsis members(Microascales),Fusarium,Cladosporium,and many asexual acremonium-like species from *** alkalitolerants were represented by sporadic isolates of Penicillium,Purpureocillium lilacinum,and Alternaria alternata species,with the growth optimum at neutral or acidic *** alkalitolerants develop loose dry chains of spores easily dispersed by *** presence at low frequency with the growth optimum at neutral or acidic pH leads us to treat them as transient species in the alkaline soils,as those are also ubiquitous saprobes in normal *** phylogenetic analyses show that the alkaliphilic trait in filamentous fungi has evolved several *** lineages harboring strong alkalitolerants derived from the known marine-borne fungi(Emericellopsis,Alternaria ***),or fall within the fungi associated with halophytic grasses(Pleosporaceae).Soda soils contain a diversity of fungi that ra

关键词： Alkaliphilic fungi pH Soda soils Extremophile Sodiomyces Acrostalagmus Chordomyces Verticillium Emericellopsis Acremonium Scopulariopsis Alternaria Thielavia Plectosphaerellaceae Pleosporaceae

Plant responses to simulated warming and drought:a comparative study of functional plasticity between congeneric mid and high elevation species

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2018年第3期11卷 364-374页

作者： elena Hamann Halil Kesselring Jürg Stöcklin Botanical Institute Department of Environmental SciencesSection Plant EcologyUniversity of BaselSchönbeinstrasse 64056 BaselSwitzerland

Aims Effects of climate change,especially changes in temperatures and precipitation patterns,are particularly pronounced in alpine *** response,plants may exhibit phenotypic plasticity in key functional traits allowing short-term adjustment to novel ***,little is known about the degree of pheno-typic plasticity of high elevation species relative to mid elevation *** We transplanted 14 herbaceous perennial species from high eleva-tion into two common gardens(1050 and 2000 m.a.s.l.)in the Swiss Alps,and we examined plastic responses in key functional traits to changes in temperature and soil water *** design was replicated with 14 congeneric species from mid elevation to assess if the degree of phenotypic plasticity differs between mid and high elevation *** was assessed across two growing seasons,while aboveground biomass and specific leaf area(SlA)were measured after the first growing season,and biomass alloca-tion to belowground and reproductive structures after the ***,a phenotypic plasticity index was calculated for the func-tional traits to compare the degree of plasticity between mid and high elevation *** Findings Aboveground biomass was higher in mid elevation species relative to high elevation congeners in all treatments,yet decreased for both with elevation and ***,SlA decreased with elevation and *** mass fraction(RMF)was generally higher in high ele-vation species,and decreased with drought at the lower *** increased the allocation to reproductive structures,especially when plants were grown at their elevation of ***,no differ-ence was found in the degree of phenotypic plasticity averaged across mid and high elevation species for any of the studied functional *** results indicate that phenotypic plasticity in the focal traits did not depend on the elevation of origin of the *** was not related to

关键词： biomass allocation common garden climate change perennial herbaceous species phenotypic plasticity SlA Swiss Alps transplant experiment

Protecting the photosynthetic performance of snap bean under free air ozone exposure

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2018年第4期30卷 31-40页

作者： lu Zhang Yasutomo Hoshika Elisa Carrari Kent O.Burkey elena Paoletti College of Horticulture Northeast Agricultural University Institute of Sustainable Plant Protection National Research Council Plant Science Research Unit USDA-ARS

Tropospheric ozone（O3） is a major air pollutant and causes serious injury to vegetation. To protect sensitive plants from O3 damage, several agrochemicals have been assessed,including cytokinin（e.g., kinetin, KIN） and ethylenediurea（EDU） with cytokinin-like *** higher plant, leaves are primarily injured by O3 and protective agrochemicals are often applied by leaf spraying. To our knowledge, the mitigating abilities of EDU and KIN have not been compared directly in a realistic setup. In the present research, impacts of elevated O3（2 × ambient O3, 24 hr per day, for 8 days） on an O3 sensitive line（S156） of snap bean（Phaseolus vulgaris）, which is often used for biomonitoring O3 pollution, were studied in a free air controlled exposure system. The day before starting the O3 exposure, plants were sprayed with a solution of EDU（300 ppm）, KIN（1 mmol/l） or distilled water, to compare their protective abilities. The results demonstrated that 2 × ambient O3 inhibited net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance, increased the minimal fluorescence yield of the dark-adapted state, decreased the maximal quantum yield of PSII photochemistry, and led to visible injury. KIN and EDU alleviated the reduction of the photosynthetic performance, and visible injury under O3 fumigation. The plants sprayed with EDU showed greater ability to mitigate the O3 damage than those sprayed with KIN. Chlorophyll fluorescence imaging may have detected more precisely the differences in O3 response across the leaf than the conventional fluorometer.

关键词： Ethylenediurea Free air controlled exposure Kinetin Ozone Phaseolus vulgaris