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A comprehensive review of genetic causes of obesity

World Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第1期20卷 26-39页

作者： Marcio Jose Concepcion-Zavaleta Juan Eduardo Quiroz-Aldave Maria del Carmen Durand-vasquez Elman Rolando Gamarra-Osorio Juan del Carmen valencia de la Cruz Claudia Mercedes Barrueto-Callirgos Susan Luciana Puelles-Leon elena de Jesus Alvarado-Leon Frans Leiva-Cabrera Francisca elena Zavaleta-Gutierrez Luis Alberto Concepcion-Urteaga Jose Paz-Ibarra Universidad Cientifica del Sur Bolivar 2150 AvenuePueblo Libre15084LimaPeru Division of Medicine Hospital de Apoyo ChepénChepenPeru Division of Family Medicine Hospital de Apoyo ChepénChepenPeru Division of Endocrinology Hospital Victor Lazarte EchegarayTrujilloPeru Division of Pediatrics Hospital de Apoyo ChepenChepenPeru Division of Internal Medicine Hospital de Apoyo ChepenChepenPeru Division of Genetics Universidad Nacional de TrujilloTrujilloPeru Division of Neonatology Hospital Belen de TrujilloTrujilloPeru Division of Internal Medicine Universidad Nacional de TrujilloTrujilloPeru Department of Medicine School of MedicineUniversidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLimaPeru

Background Obesity is a multifactorial chronic disease with a high,increasing worldwide *** causes account for 7%of the cases in children with extreme *** sources This narrative review was conducted by searching for papers published in the PubMed/MEDLINE,Embase and SciELO databases and included 161 *** search used the following search terms:"obesity","obesity and genetics","leptin","Prader-Willi syndrome",and"melanocortins".The types of studies included were systematic reviews,clinical trials,prospective cohort studies,cross-sectional and prospective studies,narrative reviews,and case *** The leptin-melanocortin pathway is primarily responsible for the regulation of appetite and body ***,several important aspects of the pathophysiology of obesity remain *** causes of obesity can be grouped into syndromic,monogenic,and polygenic causes and should be assessed in children with extreme obesity before the age of 5 years,hyperphagia,or a family history of extreme obesity.A microarray study,an analysis of the melanocortin type 4 receptor gene mutations and leptin levels should be performed for this *** are three therapeutic levels:lifestyle modifications,pharmacological treatment,and bariatric *** Genetic study technologies are in constant development;however,we are still far from having a personalized approach to genetic causes of obesity.A significant proportion of the affected individuals are associated with genetic causes;however,there are still barriers to its approach,as it continues to be underdiagnosed.

关键词： Leptin Melanocortin Obesity Prader-Willi syndrome Precision medicine

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铁镁电气石Y位阳离子主导的构效关系

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硅酸盐学报 2024年第10期52卷 3192-3204页

作者：周琳张伟周磊郭铭董发勤 Kotova elena Leonidovna Kotov Leonid Nafanailovichd 西南科技大学固体废物处理与资源化教育部重点实验室四川绵阳621010中国西南科技大学分析测试中心四川绵阳621010中国西南科技大学核废物与环境安全国防重点学科实验室四川绵阳621000中国西南科技大学环境与资源学院四川绵阳621010中国 Mining Museum St.Petersburg Mining UniversitySt Petersburg 199106Russia Department of Radiophysics and Electronics Syktyvkar State UniversitySyktyvkar 167001Russia

具有特异性对称结构的天然自发极化矿物—电气石被广泛应用于环保和医疗保健领域,厘清电气石成分-结构-性能之间的作用关系可为电气石行业提供性能最优的理想构型,为其他天然复杂矿物的构效分析和性能调控提供方法参考。通过对含铁电气... 详细信息

具有特异性对称结构的天然自发极化矿物—电气石被广泛应用于环保和医疗保健领域,厘清电气石成分-结构-性能之间的作用关系可为电气石行业提供性能最优的理想构型,为其他天然复杂矿物的构效分析和性能调控提供方法参考。通过对含铁电气石样品进行全成分、端元占位、晶体微结构和自发极化性能分析,揭示了铁镁电气石成分-微结构-自发极化性能的影响控制过程:在铁含量高于镁含量的电气石中,晶胞体积随镁含量升高而升高,Fe^(2+)含量越高且Z位含铁时,电气石多面体扭曲增强,固有电偶极矩增大;在铁含量低于镁含量的电气石中,晶胞体积随铁含量升高而增大,结构扭曲和固有电偶极矩随铁含量的升高而减弱,随Fe^(2+)含量增大而增大;自发极化性测试证明电气石的性能强弱与固有电偶极矩变化规律一致;整理过往文献数据,分析Y位阳离子主导下的电气石固有电偶极矩变化趋势,揭示以Fe元素为主要影响因素的构效关系:当Mg/Fe摩尔比小于1时,电气石性能随Fe含量的减小而减弱;当Mg/Fe摩尔比大于1时,电气石的性能随Fe含量减小而增强;而当Mg/Fe摩尔比大于2时,其自发极化性上升趋势则趋于平稳。

关键词：铁镁电气石 Y位阳离子自发极化性构效关系

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Gut Microbiota and Cytokine Profile in Cirrhosis

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2024年第8期12卷 689-700页

作者： Irina Efremova Roman Maslennikov Anna Kudryavtseva Anastasia Avdeeva George Krasnov Mikhail Diatroptov vyacheslav Bakhitov Salekh Aliev Natalia Sedova Maria Fedorova elena Poluektova Oxana Zolnikova Nariman Aliev Anna Levshina vladimir Ivashkin Department of Internal Medicine Gastroenterology and HepatologySechenov UniversityMoscowRussia Post-Genomic Research Laboratory Engelhardt Institute of Molecular BiologyRussian Academy of SciencesMoscowRussia v.A.Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology MoscowRussia Consultative and Diagnostic Center 2 of the Moscow Health Department MoscowRussia First Hospital Surgery Department Pirogov Russian National Research Medical UniversityMoscowRussia Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics FGBOU DPO“Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation”MoscowRussia The Interregional Public Organization“Scientific Community for the Promotion of the Clinical Study” MoscowRussia

Background and Aims:Gut dysbiosis and abnormal cytokine profiles are common in *** study aimed to evaluate the correlations between ***:In the blood plasma of cirrhosis patients and controls,27 cytokines were examined using a multiplex *** plasma levels of nitrites(stable metabolites of the endothelial dysfunction biomarker nitric oxide)and lipopolysaccharide(LPS)were *** fecal microbiota was assessed by 16S rRNA gene ***:Levels of IL-1b,IL-2,IL-6,IL-13,IP-10,IFN-g,TNF-a,LPS,and nitrites were higher in cirrhosis patients than in controls,while levels of IL-4,IL-7,and PDGF-BB were *** LPS level was directly correlated with the levels of IL-1b,IL1-Ra,IL-9,IL-17,PDGF-BB,IL-6,TNF-a,and *** nitrite level was significantly directly correlated with the levels of TNF-a,GM-CSF,IL-17,and IL-12,and inversely correlated with the IL-7 ***-a levels were directly correlated with ascites severity and the abundance of Negativicutes,Enterobacteriaceae,veillonellaceae,and Klebsiella,while inversely correlated with the abundance of Firmicutes,Clostridia,and ***-g levels were directly correlated with the abundance of Bacteroidaceae,Lactobacillaceae,Bacteroides,and Megasphaera,and inversely correlated with the abundance of verrucomicrobiota,Akkermansiaceae,Coriobacteriaceae,Akkermansia,Collinsella,and ***-1b levels were directly correlated with the abundance of Comamonadaceae and Enterobacteriaceae and inversely correlated with the abundance of Marinifilaceae and ***-6 levels were directly correlated with the abundance of Enterobacteriaceae,hepatic encephalopathy,and ascites severity,and inversely correlated with the abundance of Peptostreptococcaceae,Streptococcaceae,and ***:The abundance of harmful gut microbiota taxa and endotoxinemia directly correlates with the levels of proinflammatory cytokines.

关键词： Endotoxin Leaky gut Gut microbiome Systemic inflammation Gut-liver axis Endotoxemia

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How can saline and hypersaline lakes contribute to aquaculture development?A review

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2018年第6期36卷 2002-2009页

作者： elena v.ANUFRIIEvA The A.O.Kovalevsky Institute of Marine Biological Research of RAS 2 Nakhimovav.Sevastopol 299011Russia

A considerable part of the world's population is currently experiencing a severe scarcity of freshwater and nutrition. Inland aquaculture has the fastest growth in fresh waters, and this contributes to the eutrophication of freshwater bodies. The increase in freshwater aquaculture impacts on the increasing demand for fresh water. A way to overcome this is to develop aquaculture in saline lakes. This article discusses how saline and hypersaline lakes may contribute to overcome this problem and gives a list of fish and shrimp species that can be cultivated in saline lakes. Successful development of aquaculture depends on a healthy cultured stock of commercial fish and shrimps. A sustainable healthy stock of fish and shrimps can be only maintained using live food for the cultured fish larvae, fry and fingerlings. As well as Artemia spp. there are many other crustacean species with the potential for growing in hypersaline waters. At least 26 copepod species around the world can live at a salinity above 100 g/L with 12 species at a salinity higher than 200 g/L, and these all have excellent nutritional value. There is a high potential to use eukaryotic organisms of diff erent taxa in saline/hypersaline aquaculture for food, agri-aquaculture, diff erent industries and as food supplements.

关键词： aquaculture saline lakes shrimps fish Copepoda

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Do copepods inhabit hypersaline waters worldwide?A short review and discussion

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2015年第6期33卷 1354-1361页

作者： elena v.ANUFRIIEvA MLR Key Laboratory of Saline Lake Resources and Environments Institute of Mineral ResourcesCAGS Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas

A small number of copepod species have adapted to an existence in the extreme habitat of hypersaline water. 13 copepod species have been recorded in the hypersaline waters of Crimea （the largest peninsula in the Black Sea with over 50 hypersaline lakes）. Summarizing our own and literal_re data, the author concludes that the Crimean extreme environment is not an exception： copepod species dwell in hypersaline waters worldwide. There are at least 26 copepod species around the world living at salinity above 100; among them 12 species are found at salinity higher than 200. In the Crimea Cletocamptus retrogressus is found at salinity 360×10^-3 （with a density of 1 320 individuals/m^3） and Arctodiaptomus salinus at salinity 300×10^-3 （with a density of 343 individuals/m^3）. Those species are probably the most halotolerant copepod species in the world. High halotolerance of osmoconforming copepods may be explained by exoosmolyte consumption, mainly with food. High tolerance to many factors in adults, availability of resting stages, and an opportunity of long-distance transportation of resting stages by birds and/or winds are responsible for the wide geographic distribution of these halophilic copepods.

关键词： Copepoda halotolerance exoosmolytes biogeography

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Post Cryopreservation Growth Kinetic and Photosynthetic Assessment of an Acid Tolerant Strain of Stichococcus bacillaris

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Natural Resources 2024年第5期15卷 130-148页

作者： Marzia Licata Luigi Marra Nunzia Nappi elena Aurino Feliciana Oliva Antonino De Natale Donato Giovannelli Antonino Pollio Department of Biology University of Naples &#8220Federico II&#8221 Naples Italy ACUF Algal Collection of University of Naples &#8220Federico II&#8221 Naples Italy Department of Chemical Materials and Industrial Production Engineering University of Naples &#8220Federico II&#8221 P.le V. Tecchio Naples Italy Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnologies Italian National Research Council CNR-IRBIM Ancona Italy Earth-Life Science Institute ELSI Tokyo Institute of Technology Tokyo Japan Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry Department Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woods Hole MA USA Department of Marine and Coastal Science Rutgers University New Brunswick NJ USA

Preserving microbial diversity has become a strategic undertaking. Thus, ex situ microalgal culture conservation results in strategic and functional resource in both biodiversity protection and application domains. Cryopreservation of microalgae has been practiced since the 1960s and is now considered the optimal preservation strategy. Furthermore, the overall monitoring during growth of cultures after freezing/thawing protocols was hardly investigated and there is poor evaluation related to preserve especially the photosystem apparatus. The present study focuses on Stichococcus bacillaris as case study for short-term cryopreservation at −80 °C storage. various freezing pretreatments using cryoprotective agents, and two thawing methods were compared introducing a novel variable to evaluate viability recovery and assessing growth kinetics of cultures immediately after thawing and after a series batch cultivation. Photosynthetic rate and pigments assessment were proposed to evaluate hidden metabolic cell damage. Results underline cryoprotective agents can increase the kinetic recovery of preserved cells in terms of reduction of lag phase during batch cultivation tests: the use of dimethyl sulfoxide and glycerol granted a growth comparable to unpreserved cells when sudden thawing occurs after 24 hours of storage, but recovery after preservation is less sensitive to cryoprotective agents when gradual thawing and 1 month of storage is considered. However, cells are always able to restore their physiological pathways even without agents, so their kinetic effect has been proved and quantified. Interestingly, both the photosynthetic efficiency and the ratio between total chlorophyll and carotenoids are comparable (0.75 Fv/Fm, 2.2 ± 0.25 g/g) to unpreserved cells and they are unsensitive to chosen agents, but the ratio between chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b was clearly altered (up to 10 times), suggesting that photoactive pigments relative proportions

关键词： Microalgae Stichococcus bacillaris Cryopreservation Growth Kinetic Photosynthetic Rate

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Factors determining the average body size of geographically separated Arctodiaptomus salinus （Daday, 1885） populations

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Zoological Research 2014年第2期35卷 132-141页

作者： elena v. Anufriieva Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas Department of Marine Animal Physiology and Biochemistry Sevastopol 99011 Ukraine MLR Key Laboratory of Saline Lake Resources and Environments Institute of Mineral Resources Beijing 100037 China

Arctodiaptomus salinus inhabits water bodies across Eurasia and North Africa. Based on our own data and that from the literature, we analyzed the influences of several factors on the intra- and inter-population variability of this species. A strong negative linear correlation between temperature and average body size in the Crimean and African populations was found, in which the parameters might be influenced by salinity. Meanwhile, a significant negative correlation between female body size and the altitude of habitats was found by comparing body size in populations from different regions. Individuals from environments with highly varying abiotic parameters, e.g. temporary reservoirs, had a larger body size than individuals from permanent water bodies. The changes in average body mass in populations were at 11.4 times, whereas, those in individual metabolic activities were at 6.2 times. Moreover, two size groups of A. salinus in the Crimean and the Siberian lakes were observed. The ratio of female length to male length fluctuated between 1.02 and 1.30. The average size of A. salinus in populations and its variations were determined by both genetic and environmental factors. However, the parities of these factors were unequal in either spatial or temporal scales.

关键词： Copepoda Aretodiaptomus salinus Body size Sexual dimorphism variability

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Influence of Pt/Pd state on ceria-based support in CO oxidation

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Journal of Rare Earths 2023年第12期41卷 1963-1968,I0005页

作者： Igor v.Zagaynov elena Yu.Liberman Alexander v.Naumkin A.A.Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science MoscowRussia D.I.Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia MoscowRussia A.N.Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds MoscowRussia

Noble metal(M:Pt,Pd,PtPd) supported on ceria system catalysts were *** oxidized and reduced forms of the active component were examined in CO *** catalysts become more active after a reduction pretreatment,which shifts the temperature of CO *** of the data obtained from characterization techniques indicates that the strong interaction of metal ions with the support prevent the reduction of the initial MO_(x)to metallic *** formation of M-ceria interfaces efficiently boosts the oxygen activation during CO oxidation,leading to the formation of chemisorbed O on M and the regeneration of the ceria lattice oxygen,thus greatly improving the catalytic performance.

关键词： Ceria Platinum Palladium CO oxidation Rare earths

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The Fifth Edition of the General Catalogue of variable Stars:experiences in the constellation Centaurus

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2018年第7期18卷 93-100页

作者： Nikolay N.Samus elena N.Pastukhova Olga v.Durlevich elena v.Kazarovets Institute of Astronomy Russian Academy of Sciences Sternberg Astronomical Institute Lomonosov Moscow University

We have recently announced that the General Catalogue of variable Stars enters the stage of its fifth, purely electronic edition （GCvS 5.1）. We have included 1408 variable stars in the constellation Centaurus in this new version, GCvS 5.1. Working on this revision, we applied current possibilities from data mining, suggested new variability types for many variable stars and found new light elements for a large number of periodic variables. This paper describes the work completed during the preparation of GCvS 5.1 for Centaurus and discusses in detail a number of the most astrophysically significant cases.

关键词： catalogs - techniques photometric - stars variables general - binaries eclipsing

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High tolerance to simulated root herbivory in hydroponically grown cuttings of Salix phylicifolia

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Journal of Forestry Research 2021年第6期32卷 2661-2668页

作者： Mikhail v.Kozlov elena L.Zvereva Department of Biology University of Turku20014TurkuFinland

The shortage of information regarding the effects of root damage on forest plants,especially trees and shrubs,is the most critical gap in our knowledge of belowground insect *** study examines how the tea-leaved willow,Salix phylicifolia,responds to simulated root herbivory and how nutrient availability affects these *** grown cuttings were used to precisely apply the desired levels of root ***:shoot ratios increased proportionally to the intensity of root damage,whereas specific leaf area,leaf water content and chlorophyll fluorescence were not *** removal of 2-64%of roots once in early summer and the removal of 25%of roots three times during the summer did not change biomass production by *** repeated removal of 50 and 75%of roots decreased shoot biomass and,to a lesser extent,total root *** tolerance of tea-leaved willow to root damage was greater in low nutrient treatment than in high nutrient treatment,thus supporting the Growth Rate *** to this model,in low resource conditions plants do not attain their maximum growth rate and therefore have a higher capacity for regrowth after *** conclude that,in the absence of water limitations,tea-leaved willow shows high tolerance to root losses and is unlikely to be affected by realistic levels of root herbivory.

关键词： Belowground herbivory Chlorophyll fluorescence Leaf water content Plant growth

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