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Predation pressure in maize across Europe and in Argentina: an intercontinental comparison

Insect Science 2019年第3期26卷 545-554页

作者： Marco Ferrante Gabor L. Lovei Serena Magagnoli Lenka Minarcikova elena Larisa Tomescu Giovanni Burgio Ludovit Cagan Mihael Cristin Ichim Department of Agroecology Aarhus University Flakkebjerg Research Centre Forgssvej 1 DK4200 Slagelse Denmark Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie Area Entomologia Universita di Bologna Bologna Italy Department of Plant Protection Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources Slovak Agricultural University Tr. A. Hlinku 2 SK-949 76 Nitra Slovakia ANIRDBS/"Stejarul" Research Centre for Biological Sciences 6 Alexandru cel Bun St. Piatra Neamt 610004 Romania

Humankind draws important benefits from large-scale ecological processes termed ecosystem services, yet the status of several of them is declining. Reliable monitoring methods are essential for tracking the status of ecosystem services. Predation is the mainstay of natural pest control, a key ecosystem service. We used green plasticine caterpillars to monitor predation pressure, and to obtain baseline data on predator activity in transgenic Bt versus non-Bt maize fields in Old and New World countries. Predation pressure was measured at ground and canopy levels using an identical, small-plot experimental design in four European countries (Denmark, Slovakia, Romania and Italy) and Argentina. Total predation rate in maize was l l.7%d^-1 (min. 7.2%d^-1 in Argentina, max. 29.0%d^-1 in Romania). Artificial caterpillars were attacked both by invertebrates (mostly chewing insects with 42.0% of the attack marks, and ants with 7.1%, but also predatory and parasitoid wasps, spiders and slugs), and vertebrates (small mammals 25.5%, and birds 20.2%). Total predation at ground level (15.7%d^-1) was significantly higher than in maize canopies (6.0%d^-1) in all countries, except Argentina. We found no significant differences between predator pressure in Bt versus non-Bt maize plots. The artificial caterpillar method provided comparable, quantitative data on predation intensity, and proved to be suitable for monitoring natural pest control. This method usefully expands the existing toolkit by directly measuring ecological function rather than structure.

关键词： artificial caterpillars ecosystem services mortality sentinel prey transgenic plants

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Thyroid hormone analogues and derivatives:Actions in fatty liver

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World Journal of Hepatology 2014年第3期6卷 114-129页

作者： Maria Coppola Daniela Glinni Maria Moreno Federica Cioffi elena Silvestri Fernando Goglia Department of Science and Technologies University of Sannio

Fatty liver or nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD),a problem of increasing clinical significance and prevalence worldwide,is associated with increased risk for the development of cirrhosis and hepatocellular *** several therapeutic approaches can be used in the context of NAFLD,dietary and physical activities are still the most frequently used *** pharmacological agents show promising results although no conclusions can be drawn from recent clinical *** hormones[THs;thyroxine(T4)and3,3′,5-triiodo-L-thyronine(T3)]coordinate a diverse array of physiological events during development and lipid/energy homeostasis and have some potentially therapeutic actions which include inducing weight loss,and lowering plasma cholesterol levels and tissue *** thyroid hormones exert their physiological effects by binding to specific nuclear receptors[thyroid hormone receptors(tr)]of which the trβisoform is liver specific and has been considered a putative target for the treatment of dyslipidemia and fatty *** view of this,the aim of the review is(1)to provide an overview of the action of T3 on lipid metabolism with implications for liver steatosis and(2)to provide an update on the current knowledge concerning the administration of trβselective thyromimetics(GC-1 and MB07811),as well as of 3,5-diiodo-L-thyronine and its novel functional analogue trC150094 in animal models of overweight and related disorders including primarily fatty liver.

关键词： Fatty liver Thyroid hormones Thyromimetics 3,5-diiodo-L-thyronine Lipid metabolism

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METABOLIC PHENOTYPING BY WHOLE ORGANISM NMR SPECtrOSCOPY:APPLICATIONS TO FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS AND AGING STUDIES

METABOLIC PHENOTYPING BY WHOLE ORGANISM NMR SPECTROSCOPY:APP...

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第十四届北京分析测试学术报告会暨展览会(BCEIA 2011)

作者： Clément PONTOIZEAU Benjamin BLAISE Andrei BUNESCU Vincent NAVRATIL Laurent MOUCHIROUD Nicolas DALLIERE Lyndon EMSLEY Florence SOLARI Bénédicte elena-HERRMANN Université de Lyon CNRS/ENS Lyon/UCB-Lyon 1Centre de RMN à Très Hauts Champs Université de Lyon CNRSUMR5201Centre Léon Bérard

The model organism Caenorhabditis elegans(***)is widely used to investigate biological processes and disease *** developed a robust protocol based on 1H High Resolution Magic Angle Spinning(HR-MAS)Nuclear Magnetic Res...

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