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Beyond wrecking a wall:revisiting the concept of blood–brain barrier breakdown in ischemic stroke

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 1944-1956页

作者： Julia Castillo-González elena González-Rey Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra(IPBLN) CSICPT SaludGranadaSpain

The blood–brain barrier constitutes a dynamic and interactive boundary separating the central nervous system and the peripheral *** tightly modulates the ion transport and nutrient influx,while restricting the entry of harmful factors,and selectively limiting the migration of immune cells,thereby maintaining brain *** the well-established association between blood–brain barrier disruption and most neurodegenerative/neuroinflammatory diseases,much remains unknown about the factors influencing its physiology and the mechanisms underlying its ***,the role of blood–brain barrier breakdown in the translational failure underlying therapies for brain disorders is just starting to be *** review aims to revisit this concept of“blood–brain barrier breakdown,”delving into the most controversial aspects,prevalent challenges,and knowledge gaps concerning the lack of blood–brain barrier *** moving beyond the oversimplistic dichotomy of an“open”/“bad”or a“closed”/“good”barrier,our objective is to provide a more comprehensive insight into blood–brain barrier dynamics,to identify novel targets and/or therapeutic approaches aimed at mitigating blood–brain barrier ***,in this review,we advocate for considering the diverse time-and location-dependent alterations in the blood–brain barrier,which go beyond tight-junction disruption or brain endothelial cell breakdown,illustrated through the dynamics of ischemic stroke as a case *** this exploration,we seek to underscore the complexity of blood–brain barrier dysfunction and its implications for the pathogenesis and therapy of brain diseases.

关键词： blood–brain barrier disruption drug delivery ischemic stroke neuroinflammation tight-junctions

Calcium-sensitive protein MLC1 as a possible modulator of the astrocyte functional state

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 2008-2010页

作者： elena Ambrosini Angela Lanciotti Maria Stefania Brignone Department of Neuroscience Istituto Superiore di SanitàRomeItaly

Astrocytes,the main population of glial cells in the central nervous system(CNS),exert essential tasks for the control of brain tissue homeostasis,supporting neuron and other glial cell activity from the developmental stage to adult *** maintain the optimal functionality of the brain,astroglial cells are particularly committed to reacting to every change in tissue homeostatic conditions,from mild modifications of the physiological environment,a process called astrocyte activation,to the more severe alterations occurring in pathological situations causing astrocyte reactivity or reactive astrogliosis(Escartin et al.,2021).During these reactive states,astrocytes mount an active,progressive response encompassing morphological,molecular,and interactional remodeling,leading to the acquisition of new functions and the loss of others,whose intensity,duration,and reversibility are dependent on the nature of the stimulus and regulated in a context-specific manner.

关键词： alterations modulator maintain

Context-dependent role of sirtuin 2 in inflammation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 682-694页

作者： NoemíSola-Sevilla Maider Garmendia-Berges MCarmen Mera-Delgado elena Puerta Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Division of PharmacologySchool of Pharmacy and NutritionUniversity of NavarraPamplonaSpain Navarra Institute for Health Research(IdiSNA) PamplonaSpain

Sirtuin 2 is a member of the sirtuin family nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NAD~+)-dependent deacetylases, known for its regulatory role in different processes, including inflammation. In this context, sirtuin 2 has been involved in the modulation of key inflammatory signaling pathways and transcription factors by deacetylating specific targets, such as nuclear factor κB and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-leucine-rich-repeat and pyrin domain-containing protein 3(NLRP3). However, whether sirtuin 2-mediated pathways induce a pro-or an anti-inflammatory response remains controversial. Sirtuin 2 has been implicated in promoting inflammation in conditions such as asthma and neurodegenerative diseases, suggesting that its inhibition in these conditions could be a potential therapeutic strategy. Conversely, arthritis and type 2 diabetes mellitus studies suggest that sirtuin 2 is essential at the peripheral level and, thus, its inhibition in these pathologies would not be recommended. Overall, the precise role of sirtuin 2 in inflammation appears to be context-dependent, and further investigation is needed to determine the specific molecular mechanisms and downstream targets through which sirtuin 2 influences inflammatory processes in various tissues and pathological conditions. The present review explores the involvement of sirtuin 2 in the inflammation associated with different pathologies to elucidate whether its pharmacological modulation could serve as an effective strategy for treating this prevalent symptom across various diseases.

关键词： interferon inflammation lipopolysaccharide neuroinflammation NLRP3 nuclear factorκB sirtuin 2

Data-driven drug repositioning using olfactory omics profiles:challenges and perspectives in neurodegeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 1997-1998页

作者： Paz Cartas-Cejudo Adriana Cortés Mercedes Lachén-Montes elena Anaya-Cubero Joaquín Fernández-Irigoyen Enrique Santamaría Clinical Neuroproteomics Unit Proteomics PlatformNavarrabiomedHospitalario Universitario de Navarra(HUN)Universidad Pública de Navarra(UPNA)IdiSNANavarra Institute for Health ResearchPamplonaSpain

Data-driven drug repositioning using olfactory omics profiles-challenges and perspectives in neurodegeneration:Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by progressive degeneration and loss of neuronal function in the central nervous *** diseases are often characterized as proteinopathies,which are disorders primarily driven by the aggregation or misfolding of specific amyloid proteins within cells,leading to their dysfunction and eventual *** the gain-of-function hypothesis related to the aggregation of these proteins,recently,an alternative hypothesis regarding the loss-of-function of the soluble monomeric proteins during the process of aggregation into amyloids is gaining *** last event is called proteinopenia and refers to conditions characterized by a deficiency or decrease in the levels of specific soluble proteins in the body(Ezzat et al.,2023).It has been demonstrated that levels of soluble proteins involved in neurodegenerative diseases are decreased.

关键词： diseases drug amyloid

Small heat shock protein B8:from cell functions to its involvement in diseases and potential therapeutic applications

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第10期20卷 2872-2886页

作者： Marta Chierichetti Riccardo Cristofani Valeria Crippa Veronica Ferrari Marta Cozzi elena Casarotto Paola Pramaggiore Laura Cornaggia Guglielmo Patelli Ali Mohamed Margherita Piccolella Mariarita Galbiati Paola Rusmini Barbara Tedesco Angelo Poletti Laboratory of Experimental Biology Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari“Rodolfo Paoletti”(DiSFeB)Universitàdegli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly

Heat shock protein family B(small)member 8(HSPB8)is a 22 kDa ubiquitously expressed protein belonging to the family of small heat shock ***8 is involved in various cellular mechanisms mainly related to proteotoxic stress response and in other processes such as inflammation,cell division,and ***8 binds misfolded clients to prevent their aggregation by assisting protein refolding or degradation through chaperone-assisted selective *** line with this function,the pro-degradative activity of HSPB8 has been found protective in several neurodegenerative and neuromuscular diseases characterized by protein misfolding and *** cancer,HSPB8 has a dual role being capable of exerting either a pro-or an anti-tumoral activity depending on the pathways and factors expressed by the model of cancer under ***,HSPB8 exerts a protective function in different diseases by modulating the inflammatory response,which characterizes not only neurodegenerative diseases,but also other chronic or acute conditions affecting the nervous system,such as multiple sclerosis and intracerebellar *** note,HSPB8 modulation may represent a therapeutic approach in other neurological conditions that develop as a secondary consequence of other *** is the case of cognitive impairment related to diabetes mellitus,in which HSPB8 exerts a protective activity by assuring mitochondrial *** review aims to summarize the diverse and multiple functions of HSPB8 in different pathological conditions,focusing on the beneficial effects of its ***-based and alternative therapeutic approaches targeting HSPB8 and its regulated pathways will be discussed,emphasizing how new strategies for cell and tissue-specific delivery represent an avenue to advance in disease treatments.

关键词： aggregation autophagy cancer chaperone chaperone-assisted selective autophagy cognitive impairment HSPB8 neuroinflammation neuromuscular diseases therapy

Musculoskeletal disorders in nursing staff

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World Journal of Methodology 2025年第2期15卷 9-14页

作者： Agapi Kolovou Asterios N Gkougkoulias Nikolaos Stefanou elena Manuela Samaila Maria Tsekoura Marianna Vlychou Charalampos Matzaroglou Zoe H Dailiana Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Faculty of MedicineSchool of Health SciencesUniversity of ThessalyLarissa 41500ThessaliaGreece Department of Radiology Faculty of MedicineSchool of Health SciencesUniversity of ThessalyLarissa 41500ThessaliaGreece Orthopaedic and Trauma Center University of VeronaVerona 37134Italy Department of Physiotherapy School of Health Rehabilitation SciencesUniversity of PatrasPatra 26504DytikíElládaGreece

Nursing staff provides patient care in an occupational environment that often imposes challenges that affect significantly the musculoskeletal ***-related musculoskeletal disorders are common in nursing stuff and have a negative impact in their professional and daily *** the current editorial,the duties of nursing staff,the types of musculoskeletal disorders,the predis-posing factors(including factors related to professional tasks/ergonomics and to working schedules,psychological,social and individual factors)and their impact on working ability and quality of life nursing staff are summarized and pre-ventive measures are proposed.

关键词： Musculoskeletal disorders Nursing staff Predisposing factors Ergonomics Prevention

Hormetic effects of abiotic environmental stressors in woody plants in the context of climate change

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Journal of Forestry Research 2023年第1期34卷 7-19页

作者： elena A.Erofeeva Department of Ecology Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod23 Gagarina PrNizhni NovgorodRussian Federation 603950

Woody plants contribute to the stability and productivity of terrestrial ecosystems and are significantly affected by climate *** to the concept of environmental hormesis,any environmental stressors can cause hormesis,that is,stimulation in low doses and inhibition in high *** studies have demonstrated plant hormesis under low doses of various abiotic ***,the hormetic responses of woody plants to abiotic stressors from climate change are insufficiently *** review analyses data on the stimulating effects of low doses of climate stressors in experiments and in real *** laboratory and field experiments show that single and combined exposure to various climate stressors(temperature,humidity,and elevated carbon dioxide concentrations) can cause hormesis in various species and functional types of woody plants,which can be accompanied by hormetic trade-offs and *** addition,there is evidence of climate hormesis in woody plants in ecosystem *** experiments in various ecosystems show that elevated temperatures and/or precipitation or elevated carbon dioxide concentrations causing hormesis in dominant tree species can stimulate ecosystem ***,climate hormesis of the growth and reproduction of dominant forest tree species contributes to the spread of forests,that is,climate-driven ecological *** main commonalities of climate hormesis in woody species include:(1) Low-dose climate stressors cause hormesis in woody plants when strong(limiting) stressors do not affect plants or these limiting stressors are mitigated by climate change.(2) Hormesis can occur with the direct impact of climatic stressors on trees and with the indirect impact of these stressors on plants through other parts of the ecosystem.(3)Climate stressor interactions(e.g.,synergism,antagonism)can affect hormesis.(4) Hormesis may disappear due to tree acclimatization with consequent changes in the

关键词： Abiotic stress Ecological succession Ecosystem Forest Hormesis

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New Exceptional Sets and Convergence of the Square Partial Sums of Walsh–Fourier Series

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2020年第7期36卷 733-748页

作者： elena PRESTINI Dipartimento di Matematica Universitàdi Roma"Tor Vergata"Via della Ricerca Scientifica 100133 RomaItalia

For double Walsh–Fourier series and with f∈L2([0,1)×[0,1))we prove two almost orthogonality results relative to the linearized maximal square partial sums operator SN(x,y)f(x,y).Assumptions are N(x,y)non-decreasing as a function of x and of y and,roughly speaking,partial derivatives with approximately constant ratio■≌2n0 for all x and y,where n0 is any fixed non-negative ***,independent of N(x,y)and n0,are then extended to Lr,110.

关键词： Walsh integer Convergence

Magnetic cycles of Sun-like stars with different levels of coronal and chromospheric activity——comparison with the Sun

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2016年第9期16卷 123-136页

作者： elena Shimanovskaya Vasiliy Bruevich elena Bruevich Sternberg Astronomical Institute Moscow State University

The atmospheric activity of the Sun and Sun-like stars is analyzed involving observations from the HK-project at the Mount Wilson Observatory, the California and Carnegie Planet Search Program at the Keck and Lick Observatories and the Magellan Planet Search Program at the Las Campanas Observatory. We show that for stars of E G and K spectral classes, the cyclic activity, similar to the 11-yr solar cycle, is different： it becomes more prominent in K-stars. Comparative study of Sun-like stars with different levels of chromospheric and coronal activity confirms that the Sun belongs to stars with a low level of chromospheric activity and stands apart among these stars by its minimum level of coronal radiation and minimum level of variations in photospheric flux.

关键词： Sun activity -- Sun-like stars activity