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SARS-CoV-2 triggers Dickkopf-1(Dkk-1)modulation of T helper cells and lung pathology in mice

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第4期11卷 9-12页

作者： Yifan Wu Freedom M.Green Stephen A.Shaw Lauren J.Bonilla Shannon E.Ronca Maria elena Bottazzi Farrah Kheradmand Jill E.Weatherhead Department of Pathology&Immunology One Baylor PlazaHoustonTX 77030USA Department of Pediatrics One Baylor PlazaHoustonTX 77030USA Department of Medicine One Baylor PlazaHoustonTX 77030USA National School of Tropical Medicine One Baylor PlazaHoustonTX 77030USA Molecular Virology&Microbiology One Baylor PlazaHoustonTX77030USA Biologyof Inflammation Center Baylor College of MedicineOne BaylorPlazaHoustonTX77030USA Michael E.DeBakey va Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases HoustonTX 77030USA

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARSCov-2)is the etiologic agent of the coronavirus disease 19(COVID-19)*** viral infections like SARS-CoV-2,a robust anti-viral type 1 immune response,including upregulation of type 1 CD4+T helper cells(Th1),is required for effective viral clearance while minimizing end-organ pathology and collateral tissue damage.

关键词： pathology acute respiratory

Fuel characteristics, loads and consumption in Scots pine forests of central Siberia

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Journal of Forestry Research 2020年第6期31卷 2507-2524页

作者： Galina A.Ivanova elena A.Kukavskaya valery A.Ivanov Susan G.Conard Douglas J.McRae V.N.sukachev institute of forest sb ras-separate subdivision of the federal research center“krasnoyarsk science center of the siberian branch of the russian academy of sciences” krasnoyarskrussia 660036 M.F.reshetnev siberian state university of science and technology krasnoyarskrussia 660049 Emeritus scientist rocky mountain research stationu.s.forest servicemissoulamt 59807usa George mason university fairfaxvausa Canadian forest service natural resources canada1219 queen street eastsault st5.marieon p6a 2e5canada

Forest fuel investigations in central and southern Siberian taiga of Scots pine forest stands dominated by lichen and feather moss ground vegetation cover revealed that total aboveground biomass varied from 13.1 to 21.0 kg/m *** biomass was higher in plots in the southern taiga,while ground fuel loads were higher in the central *** developed equations for fuel biomass(both aerial and ground)that could be applicable to similar pine forest sites of Central *** loading variability found among plots is related to the impact and recovery time since the last wildfi re and the mosaic distribution of living *** consumption due to surface fi res of low to high-intensities ranged from 0.95 to 3.08 kg/m 2,that is,18–74%from prefi re *** total amount of fuels available to burn in case of fi re was up to 4.5–6.5 kg/m *** content of fuels(litter,lichen,feather moss)was related to weather conditions characterized by the Russian Fire Danger Index(PV-1)and FWI code of the Canadian Forest Fire Weather Index *** data obtained provide a strong foundation for understanding and modeling fi re behavior,emissions,and fi re eff ects on ecosystem processes and carbon stocks and could be used to improve existing global and regional models that incorporate biomass and fuel characteristics.

关键词： Pinus sylvestris Tree biomass Surface and ground fuel loads Fuel moisture Fuel consumption

Soil conservation and sustainable development goals(SDGs)achievement in Europe and central Asia:Which role for the European soil partnership?

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2021年第3期9卷 360-369页

作者： Hakki Emrah Erdogan elena Havlicek Carmelo Dazzi Luca Montanarella Marc van Liedekerke Borut Vrscaj Pavel Krasilnikov Gulchekhra Khasankhanova Ronald vargas Republic of Turkey Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry AnkaraTurkey Federal Office for the Environment FOEN Soil and Biotechnology Division3003BemeSwitzerland University of Palermo Italy European Commission Joint Research Centre1-21027IspraVAItaly Department for Agro-ecology and Natural Resources Centre for Soil and EnvironmentAgricultural Institute of SloveniaLjubljanaSlovenia Environmental Protection College VelenjeSlovenia Lomonosov Moscow State University Eurasian Centre for Food SecurityMoscowRussian Federation UZGIP Institute Ministry of Water ResourcesTashkentUzbekistan Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations RomeItaly

Voluntary soil protection measures are not sufficient to achieve sustainable soil management at a global ***,binding soil protection legislation at national and international levels has also proved to be insufficient for the effective protection of this almost non-renewable natural *** European Soil Partnership(ESP)and its sub-regional partnerships(Eurasian Sub-Regional Soil Partnership,Alpine Soil Partnership)were established in the context of FAO's Global Soil Partnership(GSP)with the mission to facilitate and contribute to the exchange of knowledge and technologies related to soils,to develop dialogue and to raise awareness for the need to establish a binding global agreement for sustainable soil management The ESP has taken a role of an umbrella network covering countries in Europe and Central *** aims to improve the dialogue in the whole region and has encouraged establishing goals that would promote sustainable soil management taking into account various national and local approaches and priorities,as well as cultural *** ESP first regional implementation plan for the 2017—2020 period was adopted and implemented along the five GSP pillars of *** on the experience of the last four years,this study demonstrates that establishing sub-regional and national partnerships is an additional step in a concrete sustainable soil management implementation *** also suggests that a complementary approach between legal instruments and voluntary initiatives linked to the development of efficient communication and strong commitment is the key to success.

关键词： Sustainable soil management Soil partnership Soil policy Voluntary versus 52 mandatory approaches Multilevel coordination Communication and cooperation

Percutaneous coronary intervention in nonagenarians: pros and cons

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2013年第1期10卷 82-90页

作者： Giuseppe Biondi Zoccai Antonio Abbate Fabrizio D'Ascenzo Davide Presutti Mariangela Peruzzi elena Cavarretta Antonino G.M. Marullo Marzia Lotrionte Giacomo Frati Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies Sapienza University of Rome Corso della Repubblica 7904100 Latina Italy VCU Pauley Heart Center PO Box 980036 Richmond VA 23298 USA Divisione di Cardiologia Università di Torino Corso Bramante 88-9010126 Torino Italy Unità di Scompenso Cardiaco e Riabilitazione Cardiologica Complesso Integrato Columbus Via Moscati 3100168 Rome Italy Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies Sapienza University of Rome Corso della Repubblica 7904100 Latina Italy Department of Angio Cardio Neurology IRCCS Neuromed Via Atinense 1886077 Pozzilli Italy

Percutaneous coronary intervention is a mainstay in the management of symptomatic or high-risk coronary artery disease. The bulk of clinical evidence and experience underlying this fact relies, however, on relatively young patients. Indeed, few data of very limited quality are available which adequately define the risk-benefit and cost-benefit profile of coronary angioplasty and stenting in very old subjects, such as those of 90 years of age or older (i.e., nonagenarians). The aim of this review is to provide a concise, yet practical, synthesis of the available evidence on percutaneous coronary revascularization in the very elderly. The main arguments elaborated upon are to what extent we can extrapolate findings from studies including younger patients to nonagenarians, whether we should provide higher priority to prognosis or quality of life in such patients, and whether we can afford to allocate vast resources to care for such subjects in an era of financial constraints. Our review of 18 studies and 1082 patients suggest that percutaneous coronary intervention is feasible and associated with acceptable short- and long-term results in this population, which is nonetheless fraught with a high mortality risk irrespective of the revascularization procedure. Accordingly, the pros and cons of percutaneous coronary intervention should be carefully weighed when considering this treatment in nonagenarians.

关键词： Coronary artery disease Nonagenarian Percutaneous coronary intervention Stent

Chondroitin sulfate and glucosamine combination in patients with knee and hip osteoarthritis:A long-term observational study in Russia

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2023年第6期14卷 443-457页

作者： Alexander M Lila Lyudmila I Alekseeva Andrey A Baranov elena A Taskina Natalya G Kashevarova Natalia A Lapkina Evgeny A Trofimov Director Research Institute of Rheumatology Named after VA NasonovaMoscow 115522MoscowRussia Bone and Joints Metabolic Diseases Laboratory Research Institute of Rheumatology Named after VA NasonovaMoscow 115522MoscowRussia Department of Therapy Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics and Medical BiochemistryYaroslavl State Medical UniversityYaroslavl 150000YaroslavlRussia Department of Therapy and Rheumatology North-Western State Medical University named after I.I.MechnikovSt.Petersburg 191015St.PetersburgRussia

BACKGROUND Oral treatment of glucosamine(GA) combined with chondroitin sulfate(CS) was reportedly effective for pain relief and function improvement in osteoarthritis patients with moderate to severe knee pain in clinical trials. While the effectiveness of GA and CS on both clinical and radiological findings has been demonstrated, only a few high-quality trials exist. Therefore, controversy regarding their effectiveness in real-world clinical practice *** To investigate the impact of GA + CS on clinical outcomes of patients with knee and hip osteoarthritis in routine clinical *** A multicenter prospective observational cohort study included 1102 patients of both genders with knee or hip osteoarthritis(Kellgren & Lawrence grades Ⅰ-Ⅲ) in 51 clinical centers in the Russian Federation from November 20, 2017, to March 20,2020, who had started to receive oral capsules of glucosamine hydrochloride 500 mg and CS 400mg according to the approved patient information leaflet starting from 3 capsules daily for 3 wk,followed by a reduced dosage of 2 capsules daily before study inclusion(minimal recommended treatment duration is 3-6 mo). Changes in subscale scores [Pain, Symptoms, Function, and Quality of Life(QOL)] of the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score(KOOS)/Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score(HOOS) questionnaires during the observational period(up to 54-64wk with a total of 4 visits). Patients’ treatment satisfaction, data on the combined oral use of glucosamine hydrochloride and CS, concomitant use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs), and adverse events(AEs) were also *** A total of 1102 patients with knee and hip osteoarthritis were included in the study. The mean patient age was 60.4 years, most patients were women(87.8%), and their average body mass index was 29.49 kg/m2. All subscale scores(Pain, Symptoms, Function, and QOL) of the KOOS and HOOS demonstrated clinically and statistically significant im

关键词： Glucosamine Chondroitin sulfate Knee osteoarthritis Hip osteoarthritis Knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score Hip disability and osteoarthritis outcome score

Cranial neuropathies, confusion, and ataxia— Challenges for diagnosis and therapy

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Case Reports in Clinical Medicine 2013年第2期2卷 147-151页

作者： Ajay Sood elena Crisan Morris Fisher Department of Neurology Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital Hines USA Department of Neurology State University of New York Upstate Medical Center Syracuse USA

Introduction: The differential diagnosis of patients presenting with multiple cranial neuropathies, ataxia, and altered mentation is broad and includes immunologic, infectious, vasculitic and metabolic conditions. Primary considerations are Bickerstaff’s brainstem encephalitis (BBE), the Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS), Wernicke’s encephalopathy and botulism. The initial workup may be unrevealing. Timely treatment is imperative and unnecessary treatment can be associated with serious adverse reactions. Sensitivity to the decisions needed in such patients is therefore important. Case report: A 58-year-old male presented with symptoms of altered mental status, blurred vision, dysphagia and dysarthria, impaired pupillary responses to light, facial diplegia, ataxia, and decreased tendon reflexes after an episode of a self resolving diarrheal disease. Primary initial diagnostic concerns were Bickerstaff’s brainstem encephalitis (BBE), Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS), Wernicke’s encephalopathy and botulism. Initial work-up including cerebrospinal fluid analyses, imaging studies, and an electrodiagnostic examination did not provide information helpful for narrowing this differential. The patient was treated with botulinum antitoxin, thiamine and intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) before the results of specialized tests were available. The patient’s clinical condition improved. Retrospectively, the patient was diagnosed as BBE. Conclusion: This case emphasizes the difficulties in distinguishing between BBE, MFS, and botulism as well as demonstrating the complexities of treating such patients.

关键词： Bickerstaff’s Brainstem Encephalitis Botulism Miller Fisher Syndrome Opthalmpoplegia Wernicke’s Encephalopathy

Mechanisms for Cross-Scaling, Flexibility and Social Learning in Building Resilience to Sea Level Rise: Case Study of Hampton Roads, Virginia

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American Journal of Climate Change 2017年第2期6卷 385-402页

作者： Carol Considine Michelle Covi Juita-elena (Wie) Yusuf Batten College of Engineering & Technology Old Dominion University Norfolk VA USA College of Sciences Old Dominion University and Virginia Sea Grant Climate Adaptation and Resilience Program Norfolk VA USA Strome College of Business Old Dominion University Norfolk VA USA

This case study examines how the Hampton Roads Sea Level Rise Preparedness and Resilience Intergovernmental Planning Pilot Project, a whole-of-government and whole-of-community approach to planning for and adapting to sea level rise, addressed coastal resilience in a southeastern Virginia watershed that spans multiple jurisdictions. Meeting the challenge of sea level rise requires that actors across multiple sectors—citizens, community organizations, industry and government—understand the risks and work together to make critical decisions regarding adaptation strategies and actions. The case study area includes Little Creek Amphibious Base, which is bordered by the cities of Norfolk and Virginia Beach. Adaptation responses to sea level rise by the military base and the local governments will impact each other and the residents of the area, but no cooperative agreements are in place for a joint or collaborative response. This case study examines public and private infrastructure at risk, the infrastructure interdependencies, and mechanisms for providing collaborative solutions. Engagement of area residents and other stakeholders is also integral to the process of adaptation, which includes educating about sea level rise risk and provides a mechanism for social learning that enables stakeholders to participate in critical adaptation decisions. The case study demonstrates a method to improve resiliency in the case study area and inform a regional, multi-sectoral response to sea level rise adaptation strategies.

关键词： Sea Level Rise Multi-Sectoral Adaptation Hampton Roads Critical Infrastructure Social Learning Socio-Ecological Resilience Cross-Scaling

Cybersecurity for Allied Future Submarines

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World Journal of Engineering and Technology 2018年第4期6卷 696-712页

作者： Keith F. Joiner Simon Reay Atkinson Pete Christensen elena Sitnikova Systems Capability Centre University of New South Wales Canberra at Australian Defence Force Academy Canberra Australia Centre for International Security Studies and Sydney Cyber Security Network University of Sydney Sydney Australia The MITRE Corporation McLean VA US Australian Centre for Cyber Security Canberra University of New South Wales Canberra at Australian Defence Force Academy Canberra Australia

Cyber has become a supposedly cheap first-strike weapon of political choice by potential adversaries in a milieu placing insurgency, terrorism, international crime and state-based influences in close un-regulated proximity. The merging of electronic and cyber warfare means that not even submarines, however unconnected or firewalled they may be, are immune. The quantum attack surface of submarines is as much in their past, as they are in their designs today and their operations tomorrow: they must survive to be credible and ideally they should even be a contemporary offensive cyber deterrent. Such critical defensive systems require robust security systems engineering and cybersecurity test and evaluation to build and sustain their cyber-resilience. This paper uses Australia’s future submarine program [1]1 to outline key facets needed in a submarine program to achieve cyber resilience, including how to adapt U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) best practices to engineer, test and sustain cyber-resilient submarine systems. Strategies are needed that provision sovereign-owned and operated land-based test sites to design, build, demonstrate and sustain critical submarine systems. This work is most relevant to countries allied to the U.S. and importing submarine capabilities, such as within lesser European powers and also in the Indo-Pacific where both cyber warfare and submarines are proliferating.

关键词： Cyber-Resilience Future Submarine Design Land-Based Test Sites Quantum Attack Surface Test and Evaluation

Osteogenesis imperfecta mutations in plastin 3 lead to impaired calcium regulation of actin bundling

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Bone Research 2020年第3期8卷 320-332页

作者： Christopher L.Schwebach elena Kudryashova Weili Zheng Matthew Orchard Harper Smith Lucas A.Runyan Edward H.Egelman Dmitri S.Kudryashov Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology graduate program The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVA 22908USA Biophysics graduate program The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA

Mutations in actin-bundling protein plastin 3(PLS3)emerged as a cause of congenital osteoporosis,but neither the role of PLS3 in bone development nor the mechanisms underlying PLS3-dependent osteoporosis are *** the over 20 identified osteoporosis-linked PLS3 mutations,we investigated all five that are expected to produce full-length *** of the mutations distorted an actin-binding loop in the second actin-binding domain of PLS3 and abolished F-actin bundling as revealed by cryo-EM reconstruction and protein interaction ***,the remaining four mutants fully retained F-actin bundling ***,they displayed defects in Ca2+sensitivity:two of the mutants lost the ability to be inhibited by Ca2+;while the other two became hypersensitive to *** group of the mutants with similar biochemical properties showed highly characteristic cellular ***-type PLS3 was distributed between lamellipodia and focal *** striking contrast,the Ca2+-hyposensitive mutants were not found at the leading edge but localized exclusively at focal adhesions/stress fibers,which displayed reinforced ***,the Ca2+-hypersensitive PLS3 mutants were restricted to lamellipodia,while chelation of Ca2+caused their redistribution to focal ***,the bundling-deficient mutant failed to co-localize with any F-actin structures in cells despite a preserved F-actin binding through a non-mutation-bearing actin-binding *** findings revealed that severe osteoporosis can be caused by a mutational disruption of the Ca2+-controlled PLS3’s cycling between adhesion complexes and the leading *** of the structural,biochemical,and cell biology insights enabled us to propose a molecular mechanism of plastin activity regulation by Ca2+.

关键词： cycling impaired striking