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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in lean subjects:Prognosis,outcomes and management

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第42期26卷 6514-6528页

作者： Lampros Chrysavgis eleftheria Ztriva Adonis protopapas Konstantinos Tziomalos Evangelos Cholongitas First Department of Internal Medicine Medical SchoolNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensLaiko General HospitalAthens 11527Greece First Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine Medical SchoolAristotle University of ThessalonikiAHEPA HospitalThessaloniki 54636Greece

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)accounts for most cases of chronic liver disease worldwide,with an estimated global prevalence of approximately 25%and ranges from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and *** is strongly connected to metabolic syndrome,and for many years,fatty liver was considered to be an exclusive feature of obese ***,recent studies have highlighted the presence of NAFLD in non-obese subjects,with or without increased visceral fat or even in lean subjects without increased waist circumference.“Lean NAFLD”is a relatively new concept and there is significant scientific interest in understanding the differences in pathophysiology,prognosis and management compared with NAFLD in overweight/obese *** the present editorial,we discuss the clinical and metabolic profiles and outcomes of lean NAFLD compared with both obese NAFLD and lean healthy individuals from Asian and Western ***,we shed light to the challenging topic of management of NAFLD in lean subjects since there are no specific guidelines for this ***,we discuss open questions and issues to be addressed in the future in order to categorize NAFLD patients into lean and nonlean cohorts.

关键词： Lean nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Non-obese nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Clinical outcomes Metabolic outcomes Disease management Lifestyle interventions

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Necessary and Sufficient Conditions for the Separability and the R-Separability of the Irrotational Stokes Equation and Applications

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2020年第11期8卷 2379-2401页

作者： elefth.rios protopapas Maria Hadjinicolaou School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences National Technical University of Athens Athens Greece Applied Mathematics Laboratory School of Science and Technology Hellenic Open University Patras Greece

In the present manuscript, we formulate and prove rigorously, necessary and sufficient conditions for all kinds of separation of variables that a solution of the irrotational Stokes equation may exhibit, in any orthogonal axisymmetric system, namely: simple separation and R-separation. These conditions may serve as a road map for obtaining the corresponding solution space of the irrotational Stokes equation, in any orthogonal axisymmetric coordinate system. Additionally, we investigate how the inversion of the coordinate system, with respect to a sphere, affects the type of separation. Specifically, we prove that if the irrotational Stokes equation separates variables in an axisymmetric coordinate system, then it R-separates variables in the corresponding inverted coordinate system. This is a quite useful outcome since it allows the derivation of solutions for a problem, from the knowledge of the solution of the same problem in the inverted geometry and vice-versa. Furthermore, as an illustration, we derive the eigenfunctions of the irrotational Stokes equation governing the flow past oblate spheroid particles and inverted oblate spheroidal particles.

关键词： Axisymmetric Flow Stokes Operator Analytical Solution Separation and R-Separation of Variables Axisymmetric Orthogonal Coordinate Systems

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Separability of Stokes Equations in Axisymmetric Geometries

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2020年第2期8卷 315-348页

作者： Maria Hadjinicolaou elefth.rios protopapas Applied Mathematics Laboratory School of Science and Technology Hellenic Open University 167 R. Feraiou St. GR-26 222 Patras Greece School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences National Technical University of Athens 9 Heroon Polytechneiou St. GR-15 780 Athens Greece

For Stokes flow in non spherical geometries, when separation of variables fails to derive closed form solutions in a simple product form, analytical solutions can still be obtained in an almost separable form, namely in semiseparable form, R-separable form or R-semiseparable form. Assuming a stream function Ψ, the axisymmetric viscous Stokes flow is governed by the fourth order elliptic partial differential equation E4Ψ = 0 where E4 = E2oE2 and E2 is the irrotational Stokes operator. Depending on the geometry of the problem, the general solution is given in one of the above separable forms, as series expansions of particular combinations of eigenfunctions that belong to the kernel of the operator E2. In the present manuscript, we provide a review of the methodology and the general solutions of the Stokes equations, for almost any axisymmetric system of coordinates, which are given in a ready to use form. Furthermore, we present necessary and sufficient conditions that are serving as criterion for identifying the kind of the separation the Stokes equation admits, in each axisymmetric coordinate system. Additionally, as an illustration of the usefulness of the obtained analytical solutions, we demonstrate indicatively their application to particular Boundary Value Problems that model medical problems.

关键词： Axisymmetric Creeping Flow R-Separation Semiseparation R-Semiseparation Irrotational Flow Analytical Solution

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Diagnostic Yield of Non-Invasive Testing in Patients with Anomalous Aortic Origin of Coronary Arteries:A Multicentric Experience

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Congenital Heart Disease 2022年第4期17卷 375-385页

作者： Alberto Cipriani Pietro Bernardo Dall’Aglio Laura Mazzotta Domenico Sirico George Sarris Mark Hazekamp Thierry Carrel Alessandro Frigiola Vladimir Sojak Mauro Lo Rito Jurgen Horer Regine Roussin Julie Cleuziou Bart Meyns Jose Fragata Helena Telles Anastasios C.Polimenakos Katrien Francois Altin Veshti Jukka Salminen Alvaro Gonzalez Rocafort Matej Nosal elefth.rios protopapas Roberto Tumbarello Patrizio Sarto Cinzia Pegoraro Raffaella Motta Giovanni Di Salvo Domenico Corrado Vladimiro LVida Massimo A.Padalino Department of Cardio-Thoracic Vascular Sciences and Public HealthUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly Department of Woman and Child’s Health Pediatric CardiologyUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly Athens Heart Surgery Institute and Iaso Children’s Hospital AthensGreece Department for Cardiovascular Surgery University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands Department for Cardiovascular Surgery University Hospital BernBernSwitzerland Department of Congenital Cardiac Surgery IRCCS Policlinico San DonatoSan Donato MilaneseItaly Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease Hôpital Marie LannelongueUniversitéParis-SudLe Plessis-RobinsonFrance Deutsch Herz Zentrum MunichGermany Katholieke Universiteit Leuven LeuvenBelgium Cardiothoracic Surgery Hospital de Santa Marta Rua LisbonPortugal Department of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery Children’s Hospital of GeorgiaGeorgiaUSA Department of Cardiac Surgery University Hospital GhentGhentBelgium Division of Cardiac Surgery University Hospital Center of TiranaTiranaAlbania Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery Hospital for Children and AdolescentsUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland Congenital Cardiac Surgery Department Hospital Universitario La PazMadridSpain Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery National Institute of Cardio-Vascular Diseases-Children’s Heart CenterBratislavaSlovakia Division of Pediatric Cardiology Ospedale BrotzuCagliariItaly Division of Sport Medicine Ospedale Ca’FoncelloTrevisoItaly Department of Medicine Radiology ClinicUniversity of Padua Medical SchoolPadovaItaly

Background:Anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery(AAOCA)is a congenital heart disease with a 0.3%−0.5%*** is challenging due to nonspecific clinical *** stratification and treatment are currently based on expert consensus and single-center case ***:Demographical and clinical data of AAOCA patients from 17 tertiary-care centers were *** imaging studies(Bidimensional echocardiography,coronary computed tomography angiography[CCTA]were *** correlations with anomalous coronary course and origin were ***:Data from 239 patients(42%males,mean age 15 y)affected by AAOCA were collected;154 had AAOCA involving the right coronary artery(AAORCA),62 the left(AAOLCA),23 other anomalies.211(88%)presented with an inter-arterial *** electrocardiogram(ECG)was abnormal in 37(16%).AAOCA was detected by transthoracic echocardiography and CCTA in 53%and 92%of patients,*** of the patients reported cardiac symptoms(119/239;50%),mostly during exercise in 121/178(68%).An ischemic response was demonstrated in 37/106(35%)and 16/31(52%)of patients undergoing ECG stress test and stress-rest single positron emission cardiac *** with AAORCA,patients with AAOLCA presented more frequently with syncope(18%vs.5%,P=0.002),in particular when associated with inter-arterial course(22%vs.5%,P<0.001).Conclusion:Diagnosis of AAOCA is a clinical challenge due to nonspecific clinical presentations and low sensitivity of first-line cardiac screening *** seems to be strictly correlated to AAOLCA with inter-arterial course.

关键词： Anomalous coronary arteries congenital echocardiography coronary computed tomography angiography

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